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{{Short description|Exiles as referenced in the Bible}}
{{Expand|date=March 2008}}
{{No footnotes|date=February 2024}}

'''Banishment''' or '''[[exile]]''' can be a form of [[punishment]]. It means to be away from one's home (i.e. [[city]], [[Sovereign state|state]] or [[country]]) while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by [[prison]] or [[Capital punishment|death]] upon return. It is a common theme within the [[Bible]], beginning with [[Adam and Eve]]. Below is a partial list of these exiles as referenced in the [[Bible]].
{{Expert-verify|date=March 2008}}


'''Banishment''' or '''[[Exile]]''' can be a form of [[punishment]].<ref Name="Hobbes">{{cite book | last = Hobbes | first = Thomas | title = Leviathan; Or, The Matter, Form and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiastical and Civil | publisher = George Routledge and Sons | date = 1886 | location = | pages = Page 145 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=8-QtAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA145&dq=Exile+can+be+a+form+of+punishment.&as_brr=1&ie=ISO-8859-1 | doi = | id = }}</ref> It means to be away from one's home (i.e. [[city]], [[state]] or [[country]]) while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by [[prison]] or [[Capital punishment|death]] upon return. As it is a common theme within the [[Bible]] with one of its earliest references, [[Adam & Eve]], continuing with a form of banishment that includes [[Jesus]]. Below is a partial list of these exiles as referenced in the [[Bible]].


==Genesis==
==Genesis==
'''Genesis''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: "birth", "origin") is the first book of the [[Bible]] of [[Judaism]] and of [[Christianity]], and the first of five books of the [[Pentateuch]] or [[Torah]]. It recounts the [[Judeo-Christian]] history of the world from the [[Creation according to Genesis|creation]] to the descent of the [[children of Israel]] into [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]], and contains some of the best-known stories of the Old Testament, including [[Adam and Eve]], [[Cain and Abel]], [[Noah's Ark]], the [[Tower of Babel]], and the [[biblical Patriarchs]].

For [[Jews]] the theological importance of Genesis centers on the [[covenant (biblical)|Covenants]] linking [[God]] to his [[Chosen People]] and the people to the [[Promised Land]]. [[Christianity]] has reinterpreted Genesis as the prefiguration of Christian beliefs, notably the Christian view of [[Christ]] as the new Adam and the [[New Testament]] as the culmination of the covenants.

Structurally, Genesis consists of a "primeval history" (Genesis 1-11) and cycles of Patriarchal stories. The narrative of Joseph stands apart from these. Scholars see the book as the product of anonymous authors and editors working between the 10th and 5th centuries BC.<ref>For an overview of major developments in biblical scholarship regarding the dating of Genesis and the Pentateuch (Torah) since the mid 20th century, see [http://www.hope.edu/academic/religion/bandstra/RTOT/PART1/PT1_TBD.HTM "Source Analysis"], Barry Bandstra, Hope College, Michigan.</ref>

===Genesis Chapter 3===
===Genesis Chapter 3===
[[Image:Adam and Eve painting.jpg|thumb|100px]]
[[Image:Adam and Eve painting.jpg|thumb|100px]]
* Genesis 3:23
* Genesis 3:23
Therefore the {{LORD}} God '''sent him forth from the garden of Eden''', to till the ground from whence he was taken.


Therefore, the {{LORD}} God '''sent him forth from the garden of Eden''', to till the ground from whence he was taken.
* Genesis 3:24

* Genesis 3:24

So '''He drove out the man'''; and He placed at the east of the garden of Eden the cherubim, and the flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way to the tree of life.


So '''He drove out the man'''; and He placed at the east of the garden of Eden the cherubim, and the [[flaming sword]] which turned every way, to keep the way to the tree of life.
<br>
''(Adam and Eve expelled from the [[Garden of Eden]] for eating the forbidden apple.)''
''(Adam and Eve expelled from the [[Garden of Eden]] for eating the forbidden apple.)''

The [[Serpent (symbolism)#Torah and Biblical Old Testament|serpent]] tells the woman that she will not die if she eats the fruit of the tree: "When you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God,<ref>The Hebrew is in the plural: "You shall be as gods."</ref> knowing [[Goodness and evil|good and evil]]." So the woman eats and gives to the man who also eats. "Then the eyes of both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together and made themselves aprons." God curses the serpent: "upon your belly you shall go, and dust you shall eat all the days of your life;" the woman he punishes with pain in childbirth and with subordination to man: "your desire shall be for your husband, and he shall rule over you;" and the man he punishes with a life of toil: "In the sweat of your face you shall eat bread till you return to the ground." The man names his wife Eve,<ref>Hebrew ''Havva'', "life".</ref> "because she was the mother of all living." "Behold," says God, "the man has become like one of us, knowing good and evil," and expels the couple from Eden, "lest he put forth his hand and take also of the [[tree of life]], and eat, and live for ever." The gate of Eden is sealed by a [[cherub]] and a [[flaming sword]] "to guard the way to the tree of life."<ref>[http://bible.thelineberrys.com/GEN/GEN3.HTM Genesis 3.]</ref>


===Genesis Chapter 6===
===Genesis Chapter 6===
[[Image:Gustave Doré - Déluge.jpg|125px|thumb|left|''The Deluge'' by [[Gustave Doré]].]]
[[Image:Gustave Doré - The Holy Bible - Plate I, The Deluge.jpg|125px|thumb|left|''The Deluge'' by [[Gustave Doré]].]]


* Genesis 6:7
* Genesis 6:7


And the {{LORD}} said: ''''I will blot out man''' whom I have created from the face of the earth; both man, and beast, and creeping thing, and fowl of the air; for it repenteth Me that I have made them.'
And the {{LORD}} said: ''''I will blot out man''' whom I have created from the face of the earth; both man, and beast, and creeping thing, and fowl of the air; for it repenteth Me that I have made them.'
<br>
''(The {{LORD}} decides to flood the earth due to the evil of men -- just before [[Noah's Flood]].)''


''(The {{LORD}} decides to flood the earth due to the evil of men—just before [[Noah's Flood]].)''
The record in the book of [[Genesis]] says, "Then the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. And the LORD was sorry that He had made man on the earth, and was grieved in His heart. So the LORD said, 'I will blot out man whom I have created from the face of the land, from man to animals to creeping things and to birds of the sky; for I am grieved that I have made them.'"<ref>http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis 6:5-7;&version=49</ref><br>
God selects [[Noah]] who "found favor in the eyes of the LORD" and commands him to build an [[ship|ark]]. God instructed the ark's construction to be three hundred cubits (450 feet/137 m) long, fifty cubits (75 feet/23 m) wide, and thirty cubits (45 feet/14 m) high. Then God commanded Noah to put one pair of [[unclean animals]] and seven pairs of [[unclean animals|clean animals]]. After Noah builds the ark, "all the fountains of the great deep burst open, and the floodgates of the sky were opened by God. It rains for 40 days. "The water prevailed upon the earth one hundred and fifty days." The water recedes for 150 days. On the seventeenth day of the seventh month, the ark rests upon the [[mountains of Ararat]]. After 40 days on the mountain, Noah opens up the ark. "Then God spoke to Noah, saying, 'Go out of the ark, you and your wife and your sons and your sons' wives with you.'" Everyone and every animal exits the ark to fruitfully repopulate the Earth. See also [[Noah's Ark]].


===Genesis Chapter 11===
===Genesis Chapter 11===
[[Image:Confusion of Tongues.png|thumb|125px|Engraving ''The Confusion of Tongues'' by [[Gustave Doré]] (1865), who based his conception on the [[Great Mosque of Samarra|Minaret of Samarra]]{{Fact|date=October 2007}}]]
[[Image:Confusion of Tongues.png|thumb|125px|Engraving ''The Confusion of Tongues'' by [[Gustave Doré]] (1865), who based his conception on the [[Great Mosque of Samarra|Minaret of Samarra]]{{Citation needed|date=October 2007}}]]


* Genesis 11:9
* Genesis 11:9


Therefore was the name of it called Babel; because the {{LORD}} did there confound the language of all the earth; and from thence did the {{LORD}} '''scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth'''.
Therefore, was the name of it called Babel; because the {{LORD}} did there confound the language of all the earth; and from thence did the {{LORD}} '''scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth'''.

<br>
''(No longer able to communicate and resolve conflicts, people scatter themselves after the failed [[Tower of Babel]] project.)''
''(No longer able to communicate and resolve conflicts, people scatter themselves after the failed [[Tower of Babel]] project.)''

The '''Tower of Babel''' ({{lang-he|מגדל בבל}} ''Migdal Bavel'' {{lang-ar|برج بابل}} ''Burj Babil'') is a structure featured in chapter 11 of the [[Book of Genesis]], an enormous [[tower]] intended as the crowning achievement of the city of [[Babel|Babilu]], the [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] name for [[Babylon]]. According to the biblical account, Babel was a city that united [[human race|humanity]], all speaking a single language and migrating from the east; it was the home city of the great king [[Nimrod]], and the first city to be built after the Great Flood. The people decided their city should have a tower so immense that it would have "its top in the heavens." (וְרֹאשׁוֹ בַשָּׁמַיִם). However, the Tower of Babel was not built for the worship and praise of God, but was dedicated to false man-made religion, with a motive of making a 'celebrated name' for the builders. - Genesis 11:4. However God, (written in the Hebrew as YHWH; translated into English as either [[Yahweh]], [[Jehovah]], or most commonly, the Lord), seeing what the people were doing and sinning against him, [[confusion of tongues|confused their languages]] and scattered the people throughout the earth.


===Genesis Chapter 13===
===Genesis Chapter 13===
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* Genesis 13:9
* Genesis 13:9


Is not the whole land before thee? '''separate thyself, I pray thee, from me'''; if thou wilt take the left hand, then I will go to the right; or if thou take the right hand, then I will go to the left.'
Is not the whole land before thee? '''separate thyself, I [[pray thee]], from me'''; if thou wilt take the left hand, then I will go to the right; or if thou take the right hand, then I will go to the left.'
<br>


''(Abraham and his brother Lot decide to separate their households to avoid conflicts over land and property.)''
''([[Abraham]] and his brother [[Lot (biblical person)|Lot]] decide to separate their households to avoid conflicts over land and property.)''
The story of Lot is told in the [[Book of Genesis]]. Lot is mentioned in chapters 11-14 and 19.[[Image:StoryOTB017 p35 LotFleesFromSodom.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]
The story of Lot is told in the [[Book of Genesis]]. Lot is mentioned in chapters 11-14 and 19.[[Image:StoryOTB017 p35 LotFleesFromSodom.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]

Lot was the son of Abraham's brother Haran.<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Lot}}</ref> Lot and his family went with [[Abraham]] and his family from [[Ur]] of the Chaldees to [[Egypt]]. When Abraham traveled to the Land of [[Canaan]] at the command of [[God]], Lot accompanied him. (Gen 12:1-5). Abraham had always a great affection for him, and when they could not continue longer together in [[Canaan]] because they both had large flocks and their shepherds sometimes quarrelled (Gen 13:6,7) he gave Lot the choice of his abode. Lot went southeast to plains near the cities of [[Sodom and Gomorrah]], since the land there was well watered. (Gen. 13:10-12).

About eight years after this separation, [[Chedorlaomer]] and his allies attacked the kings of Sodom and the neighbouring cities, pillaged Sodom, and took many captives, including Lot. [[Abraham]] armed his servants, pursued the confederate kings, and overtook them near the springs of Jordan. He recovered the spoils they had taken and brought back Lot with the other captives. [[Abraham]] was offered a reward by the King of Sodom, but refused even a shoelace.

In Gen. 19, when God decided to overturn and destroy the five cities of the plain, he sent angels to rescue Lot and his family. The men of [[Sodom]] sought to [[rape]] (in some translations, meet) the angels (19:5). Lot offers the men his daughters instead, whom he says are virgins (19:8), but the men are not interested.

When the sins of the Sodomites and of the neighboring cities had called down the vengeance of God to punish and destroy them, two angels were sent to Sodom to forewarn Lot of the dreadful catastrophe about to happen. The angels took Lot, his wife, and his daughters by hand and drew them forcibly out of their house, saying, "Save yourselves with all haste. Look not behind you. Get as fast as you are able to the mountain, unless you be involved in the calamity of the city." Lot entreated the angels, who consented that he might retire to [[Zoara|Zoar]], which was one of the five doomed cities. His wife, looking back on Sodom, was turned into a pillar of salt.


===Genesis Chapter 16===
===Genesis Chapter 16===
Line 73: Line 48:
* Genesis 16:6
* Genesis 16:6


But Abram said unto Sarai: 'Behold, thy maid is in thy hand; do to her that which is good in thine eyes.' And Sarai dealt '''harshly</b> with her, and she <b>fled''' from her face.
But Abram said unto Sarai: 'Behold, thy maid is in thy hand; do to her that which is good in thine eyes.' And Sarai dealt '''harshly''' with her, and she '''fled''' from her face.
<br>
''(Sarah deals harshly with her Egyptian maid Hagar, forcing her to run away.)''


''([[Sarah]] deals harshly with her Egyptian maid [[Hagar]], forcing her to run away.)''

The story of Hagar is found in the Bible in the book of Genesis, chapters 16 and 21. The narrative states that Hagar was an Egyptian servant belonging to [[Sarah]], who, being barren, gave Hagar to her husband [[Abraham]] as a [[concubine]], so that he might still have children. She gave birth to a son, whom she named [[Ishmael]].

Fourteen years after this, following Sarah's repentance to God for her sins, God allowed Sarah to give birth to [[Isaac]]. According to Judaic teachings, God commanded Abraham to obey his wife's wishes and expel Hagar and Ishmael into the desert alone. It is believed that Sarah was motivated by Ishmael's sexually frivolous ways ("making merry" Gen. 21:9) at a party, which has been translated as a reference to idolatry, sexual immorality or even murder; some rabbinic sources claim that Sarah worried that Ishmael would negatively influence Isaac, or that he would demand Isaac's inheritance on the grounds of being the firstborn.

Abraham is reluctant to send his son away, but God promised to make a great nation out of Ishmael, because he was Abraham's seed. Rising early in the morning, therefore, Abraham took bread and a container of water and sent his former consort, Hagar and his son, Ishmael away.

Hagar intended to return to Egypt, but lost her way, and wandered in the desert of [[Beersheba]]. The water in her container failing, she placed Ishmael under one of the trees in the wilderness to cry as she went in search of water a small distance away from him. God ended up rescuing them by showing Hagar a well. Hagar eventually settled in the [[Desert of Paran]].


===Genesis Chapter 17===
===Genesis Chapter 17===
[[Image:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 035.jpg|thumb|150px|left|An angel prevents the [[Binding of Isaac|sacrifice of Isaac]]. ''Abraham and Isaac'']]
[[Image:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 035.jpg|thumb|150px|left|An angel prevents the [[Binding of Isaac|sacrifice of Isaac]]. ''Abraham and Isaac'']]


* Genesis 17:14
* Genesis 17:14


And the uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that soul '''shall be cut off from his people'''; he hath broken My covenant.'
And the uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that soul '''shall be cut off from his people'''; he hath broken My covenant.'

<br>
''(The {{LORD}} talks to Abraham just before telling him that Sarah will bear Isaac, proclaiming that uncircumcised males shall be "cut off".)''
''(The {{LORD}} talks to Abraham just before telling him that Sarah will bear Isaac, proclaiming that uncircumcised males shall be "cut off".)''

The name ''Abraham'' was given to Abram (and the name [[Sarah]] to Sarai) at the same time as the covenant of [[circumcision]] (chapter 17), which is practiced in [[Judaism]] and [[Islam]] to this day.. The Lord said to Abraham “ go from the country and your kindred and your fathers house to the land that I will show you.” And I will make of you a great nation and I will bless you and make your name great, so that you will be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you. And by you all the families of the earth shall bless themselves. At this time Abraham was promised not only many descendants, but descendants through Sarah specifically, as well as the land where he was living, which was to belong to his descendants. The covenant was to be fulfilled through [[Isaac]], though God promised that Ishmael would become a great nation as well. The covenant of circumcision (unlike the earlier promise) was two-sided and conditional: if Abraham and his descendants fulfilled their part of the covenant, Yahweh would be their God, give them the land, and make a great nation and kings out of Abraham's line.

The promise of a son to Abraham made Sarah "laugh," which became the name of the son of promise, Isaac. Sarah herself "laughs" at the idea because of her age, when Yahweh (God) appears to Abraham at Mamre (18:1-15) and, when the child is born, cries "Yahweh has made me into laughter; every one that hears will laugh at me" (21:6).


===Genesis Chapter 21===
===Genesis Chapter 21===
Line 105: Line 67:


And Abraham arose up early in the morning, and took bread and a bottle of water, and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and the child, and '''sent her away'''; and she departed, and strayed in the wilderness of Beer-sheba.
And Abraham arose up early in the morning, and took bread and a bottle of water, and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and the child, and '''sent her away'''; and she departed, and strayed in the wilderness of Beer-sheba.
<br>


''(Abraham 'divorces' Hager after being advised to do so by Sarah, sending her into the desert with only her son Ishmael. Afterwards, the water is depleted, and Hagar sits down to die. An Angel of the {{LORD}} then appears and rescues Hagar and Ishmael, and promises to make Ishmael "a great nation".)''
''(Abraham 'divorces' Hagar after being advised to do so by Sarah, sending her into the desert with only her son Ishmael. Afterwards, the water is depleted, and Hagar sits down to die. An Angel of the {{LORD}} then appears and rescues Hagar and Ishmael, and promises to make Ishmael "a great nation".)''

Abraham is reluctant to send his son away, but God promised to make a great nation out of Ishmael, because he was Abraham's seed. Rising early in the morning, therefore, Abraham took bread and a container of water and sent his former consort, Hagar and his son, Ishmael away.

Hagar intended to return to Egypt, but lost her way, and wandered in the desert of [[Beersheba]]. The water in her container failing, she placed Ishmael under one of the trees in the wilderness to cry as she went in search of water a small distance away from him. God ended up rescuing them by showing Hagar a well. Hagar eventually settled in the [[Desert of Paran]].


===Genesis Chapter 37===
===Genesis Chapter 37===
Line 119: Line 76:


And there passed by Midianites, merchantmen; and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and '''sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites''' for twenty shekels of silver. And they brought Joseph into Egypt.
And there passed by Midianites, merchantmen; and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and '''sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites''' for twenty shekels of silver. And they brought Joseph into Egypt.
<br>


''(Joseph sold to slavery by his own brothers after their father Isaac sent him to check up on them.)''
''([[Joseph (Genesis)|Joseph]] sold to slavery by his own brothers after their father Isaac sent him to check up on them.)''

The eleventh son of [[Jacob]] and the elder of the two sons of [[Rachel]] was born at [[Haran]]. The meaning given to the name (l.c.) is "shall add": "The Lord shall add to me another son. It seems probable, however, it has God as its first element, and is a contraction, the original form being "Jehoseph", while in Gen. xxx. 23 there is an allusion to the connection of "Joseph".

Upon Joseph centered the love of his father, Jacob, who showered upon "the son of his old age" many tokens of special favor, and arrayed him in a "coat of many colors". This favoritism, however, excited the envy of his older brothers, and Joseph increased their envy by telling them of two dreams which prognosticated his ruling over them (Gen. xxxvii. 2-11).

When a lad of sixteen or seventeen, Joseph was sent by his father to inquire after his brothers, who were pasturing the flocks in [[Shechem]]. He found them at [[Dothan]], and when his brothers saw him approaching they planned to kill him. [[Reuben]], however, took his part, and, in order to remove him from the fury of the others, advised them to throw Joseph into a pit (Gen. xxxvii. 13-24). He intended to rescue Joseph and return him to Jacob later.

Different accounts are given of the sale of Joseph, which immediately followed; according to one, the brothers, while eating at some distance from the pit, sighted a caravan of [[Ishmaelite]]s, to whom they decided to sell Joseph.In the meantime some [[Midian]]ite merchants passing the pit drew Joseph out and sold him for twenty pieces of silver to the Ishmaelites, who took Joseph to [[Egypt]] (Gen. xxxvii. 25-28). The last statement is repeated in Gen. xxxix. 1, while in Gen. xxxvii. 36 it is said that the Midianites (Hebr. "Medanites") sold him to [[Potiphar]] in Egypt.


==Exodus==
==Exodus==
'''Exodus''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: "departure") is the second book of the Jewish [[Torah]] and of the Christian [[Old Testament]]. It tells how [[Moses]] leads the Israelites out of Egypt and through the wilderness to the Mountain of God ([[Mount Sinai]]). There Yahweh, through Moses, gives the Israelites their laws and enters into a covenant with them, by which he will give them the land of [[Canaan]] in return for their faithfulness. The book ends with the construction of the [[Tabernacle]].

According to tradition, Exodus and the other four books of the Torah were written by Moses in the latter half of the 2nd millennium BC. Historians and archaeologists have been unable to verify any of the events recounted in Exodus,<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref> and modern [[biblical scholarship]] sees it reaching its final form around 450 BC.

===Exodus Chapter 12===
===Exodus Chapter 12===
[[Image:SyriacBibleParisFolio8rrMosesBeforePharaoh.jpg|thumb|125px|Moses before the Pharaoh, a 6th century miniature from the [[Syriac Bible of Paris]].]]
[[Image:SyriacBibleParisFolio8rrMosesBeforePharaoh.jpg|thumb|125px|Moses before the Pharaoh, a 6th-century miniature from the [[Syriac Bible of Paris]].]]
* Exodus 12:15
* Exodus 12:15


Line 145: Line 89:


Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses; for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, that '''soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel''', whether he be a sojourner, or one that is born in the land.
Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses; for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, that '''soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel''', whether he be a sojourner, or one that is born in the land.
<br>
''(The {{LORD}} speaks to Moses and Aaron just before the Exodus from the land of Egypt, proclaiming that anyone who eats leavened bread during a certain period of time will be "cut off".)''


''(The {{LORD}} speaks to [[Moses]] and Aaron just before the Exodus from the land of Egypt, proclaiming that anyone who eats leavened bread during a certain period of time will be "cut off".)''
[[The Exodus]] begins. The Israelites, 600,000 men plus women and children and ä mixed multitude,"with their flocks and herds, set out for the mountain of God.<ref>Mountain of God: this phrase is sometimes used for the holy mountain; at other times it is called Horeb or Sinai.</ref> But Yahweh, to demonstrate his power, makes Pharaoh pursue the Israelites, destroys his army at the [[crossing of the Red Sea]]. The Israelites celebrate their deliverance with the [[Song of the Sea]].

The Israelites continue their journey, but immediately begin to complain of the hardships. In the [[Wilderness of Sin]] they complain about the lack of food and speak with longing of Egypt, and Yahweh sends them quail and manna to eat. At [[Rephidim]], he provides water miraculously from the rock of [[Meribah]]. The [[Amalek|Amalekites]] attack the Israelites, and Yahweh orders an eternal war against them. The Israelites arrive at the mountain of God, where Moses' father-in-law Jethro visits Moses; at his suggestion Moses appoints [[judges]] over Israel.


===Exodus Chapter 17===
===Exodus Chapter 17===
Line 157: Line 97:


And the {{LORD}} said unto Moses: 'Write this for a memorial in the book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua: for '''I will utterly blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven.''''
And the {{LORD}} said unto Moses: 'Write this for a memorial in the book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua: for '''I will utterly blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven.''''
<br>
''(After the Amalekites attacked the Israelites in the desert and the Israelites retaliated under the command of Joshua.)''


''(After the Amalekites attacked the Israelites in the desert and the Israelites retaliated under the command of [[Joshua]].)''
According to the Bible, Joshua was the son of [[Nun (Bible)|Nun]], of the tribe of [[Tribe of Ephraim|Ephraim]], which would become known as the most militaristic of the tribes of Israel, largely through Joshua's campaigns. He was born in [[Egypt]] during the Israelite enslavement, and was probably the same age as [[Caleb]], with whom he is generally associated.

Joshua shared in all the events of [[the Exodus]]. He was Moses' apprentice, and accompanied him part of the way when he ascended [[Mount Sinai, Egypt|Mount Sinai]] to receive the [[Ten Commandments]] ([[Exd.]] 32:17). He was also one of the twelve spies who were sent on by Moses to explore the land of [[Canaan]] ([[Num.]] 13:16, 17), and only he and Caleb gave an encouraging report. He was commander at their first battle after exiting Egypt, against the [[Amalekites]] in [[Rephidim]] (Ex. 17:8-16), in which they were victorious.

Joshua was appointed by Moses to succeed him as leader of the Israelites upon Moses' death. The first major part of his book is when he commanded the subsequent conquest of [[Canaan]]. As the Israelites came to the [[Jordan River]], the waters parted, as they did for Moses at the Red Sea. The first major battle was in [[Jericho]], a heavily fortified city just five miles west of the Jordan River, northwest of the [[Dead Sea]] which he took by following [[God]]'s instruction, ordering his host to march around the city for seven days, whereupon the city walls fell, just as God said they would. The Israelites then slaughtered "every living thing" inside Jericho and completely destroyed the city except for Rahab and her family, who had aided the two spies sent by Joshua to check out the city. Although they had been forbidden by God to take any of the spoils, Achan disobeyed and took some garments and silver, hiding it in his tent. When Israel tried to conquer Ai, a small neighboring city just West of Jericho, they were defeated and 36 Israelite warriors were killed. Achan's sin was exposed, he and his family and his animals were stoned to death, and the favor of God was again restored towards His people. Next, through clever ambush tactics, Joshua defeated [[Ai (Bible)|Ai]]. The Israelites faced a Southern alliance of the [[Amorite]] kings of [[Jerusalem]], [[Hebron]], [[Jarmuth]], [[Lachish]], and [[Eglon]]. At [[Gibeon]] Joshua defeated them by causing the Sun to stand still at Gibeon, and the moon in the valley of [[Ajalon]], so that he could finish the battle in daylight. Then Joshua faced a northern Canaanite king, [[Jabin]] of [[Hazor]], whom he defeated at the Waters of [[Mermon]], possibly referring to [[Lake Huleh]].

In the second main part of his book, Joshua divided the conquered land among the [[tribes of Israel]] as dictated to him by God. The framing narrative, describing the process by which the land was divided (12:1-6, 13:1-14, 13:21b-22, 13:32-14:3, 15:63, 16:10-17:6, 17:12-18:10, 19:51, and 22:1-9). First a description is given of the domains east of the Jordan which were conquered and given to [[Reuben]], [[Gad]], and [[Machir]] (half of Manasseh). After God gave Joshua a gloss concerning the unconquered region, he reminded him about Reuben, Gad, and Machir (half of Manasseh), already having been allocated land by Moses, and about the Levites not being given territory, only cities. The territory was handed out by lot, Judah gaining the first lot, although they failed to drive out the Canaanites living in Jerusalem. Then the house of Joseph got its territory, Ephraim failing to drive out the Canaanites of Gezer, and it is pointed out that the daughters of Zelophehad, part of the tribe of Manasseh, were also given territory of their own. The house of Joseph was given the mountain region, including the forest, and they are told that they will be able to drive out the Canaanites living there despite the presence of iron chariots. The Israelites then assembled at Shiloh, and Joshua sent out a survey team. When the survey was complete, the remaining land was divided amongst the lesser tribes. Finally, the tribes whose lands are east of the Jordan were allowed to go to their lands.

When he was "old and stricken in age" Joshua convened the elders and chiefs of the Israelites and exhorted them to have no fellowship with the native population.{{Dubious|date=March 2008}} At a general assembly of the clans at [[Shechem]] he took leave of the people, admonishing them to be loyal to their God, who had been so mightily manifested in the midst of them. As a witness of their promise to serve God, Joshua set up a great stone under an oak by the sanctuary of God. Soon afterward he died, at the age of 110, and was buried at [[Timnath-heres|Timnath Serah]].


===Exodus Chapter 30===
===Exodus Chapter 30===
[[Image:Aaron high priest.jpg|thumb|right|18th-century Dutch oak statue portraying the high priest]]
[[File:PLATE4DX.jpg|thumb|right|150px|The High Priest]]


* Exodus 30:38
* Exodus 30:38


Whosoever shall make like unto that, to smell thereof, '''he shall be cut off''' from his people.'
Whosoever shall make like unto that, to smell thereof, '''he shall be cut off''' from his people.'
<br>


''(Short time after the {{LORD}} commands the Israelites to anoint Aaron and his sons as priests. Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who tries to make their own offering -- anyone who does not recognize Aaron and his sons as priests.)''
''(Short time after the {{LORD}} commands the Israelites to anoint [[Aaron]] and his sons as priests. Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who tries to make their own offering—anyone who does not recognize Aaron and his sons as priests.)''

At the time when the tribe of Levi was set apart for the priestly service, Aaron was anointed and consecrated to the priesthood, arrayed in the robes of his office, and instructed in its manifold duties Exodus 28 KJV, and Exodus 29 KJV.

On the very day of his consecration, his sons; Nada and Abidjan, were consumed by fire from the Lord for having offered incense in an unlawful manner Leviticus 10 KJV

All scholars admit that in Aaron's High Priesthood the sacred writer intended to describe a model, the prototype, so to say, of the Jewish High Priest, "phod". God, on Mount Sinai instituting a worship, and also instituted an order of priests.

According to the patriarchal customs, the First Born son in every family used to perform the functions connected with God's worship, "phod". It might have been expected, consequently, that Rueben's family would be chosen by God for the ministry of the new altar. However, according to the biblical narrative, it was Aaron, however, who was the object of God's choice. To what jealousies this gave rise later, has been indicated above. The office of the Aaronites was at first merely to take care of the lamp that should ever burn before the veil of the tabernacle Exodus 27:21. A more formal calling soon followed (Exodus 28:1). Aaron and his sons, distinguished from the Common People by their sacred functions, were likewise to receive holy vestments suitable to their office.

Aaron offered the different sacrifices and performed the many ceremonies of the consecration of the new priests, according to the divine instructions (Exodus 29), and repeated these rites for seven days, during which Aaron and his sons were entirely separated from the rest of the people. When, on the eighth day, the High Priest had inaugurated his office of sacrifice by killing the animals, he blessed the people, very likely according to the prescriptions of Num., vi, 24-26, and, with Moses, entered into the tabernacle so as to take possession thereof. As they "came forth and blessed the people. And the glory of the Lord appeared to all the multitude: And behold a fire, coming forth from the Lord, devoured the holocaust, and the fat that was upon the altar: which when the multitude saw, they praised the Lord, falling on their faces" (Leviticus 9:23, 24). So was the institution of the Aaronic priesthood inaugurated and solemnly ratified by the Lord.


===Exodus Chapter 31===
===Exodus Chapter 31===
[[Image:PB100047.JPG|thumb|175px|left|The Shabbat table is set: two covered [[challot]], a [[kiddush]] cup, two candles, and flowers.]]
[[Image:Shabbat table setting.jpg|thumb|175px|left|The Shabbat table is set: two covered [[challot]], a [[kiddush]] cup, two candles, and flowers.]]
* Exodus 31:14
* Exodus 31:14


Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore, for it is holy unto you; every one that profaneth it shall surely be put to death; for whosoever doeth any work therein, that '''soul shall be cut off from among his people'''.
Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore, for it is holy unto you; every one that profaneth it shall surely be put to death; for whosoever doeth any work therein, that '''soul shall be cut off from among his people'''.
<br>
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who does not observe the Sabbath.)''


''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who does not observe the [[Shabbat|Sabbath]].)''
The Sabbath in [[Judaism]] arises from the fourth of the [[Ten Commandments]] ({{bibleverse||Exodus|20:8-11|HE}}) -

: Remember the sabbath day, and keep it holy. For six days you shall labour and do all your work. But the seventh day is a sabbath to the Lord your God; you shall not do any work... For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, but rested the seventh day; therefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day and consecrated it.

The commandment to observe the Sabbath is mentioned many times in the [[Tanakh]], the [[Hebrew Bible]], most notably as the fourth of the [[Ten Commandments]] ({{bibleverse||Exodus|20:8-11|HE}} and {{bibleverse||Deuteronomy|5:12-15|HE}}).

Other instances are {{bibleverse||Exodus|31:12-17|HE}} and {{bibleverse||Exodus|35:2-3|HE}}, {{bibleverse||Leviticus|19:3|HE}} {{bibleverse||Leviticus|19:30|HE}} and {{bibleverse||Leviticus|23:3|HE}} and {{bibleverse||Numbers|28:9-10|HE}} (the [[Korban|sacrifices]]).

It is referred to directly by the prophets {{bibleverse||Isaiah|56:4,6|HE}}, {{bibleverse||Ezekiel|20:13|HE}} {{bibleverse||Ezekiel|22:8|HE}} {{bibleverse||Ezekiel|23:38|HE}} and {{bibleverse||Nehemiah|9:14|HE}}.


===Exodus Chapter 32===
===Exodus Chapter 32===
[[Image:The Worship of the Golden Calf (Filippino Lippi).jpg|250px|thumb|right|''The Worship of the Golden Calf'' by [[Filippino Lippi]] ([[1457]]–[[1504]])]]
[[Image:The Worship of the Golden Calf (Filippino Lippi).jpg|250px|thumb|right|''The Worship of the Golden Calf'' by [[Filippino Lippi]] (1457–1504)]]
* Exodus 32:32
* Exodus 32:32


Yet now, if Thou wilt forgive their sin--; and if not, '''blot me, I pray Thee, out of Thy book''' which Thou hast written.'
Yet now, if Thou wilt forgive their sin--; and if not, '''blot me, I pray Thee, out of Thy book''' which Thou hast written.'

<br>
''(Moses begs the {{LORD}} to forgive the Israelites for the Sin of the Golden Calf, or to otherwise, "blot out" him as well.)''
''(Moses begs the {{LORD}} to forgive the Israelites for the [[Sin of the Golden Calf]], or to otherwise, "blot out" him as well.)''


* Exodus 32:33
* Exodus 32:33


And the {{LORD}} said unto Moses: 'Whosoever hath sinned against Me, '''him will I blot out of My book'''.
And the {{LORD}} said unto Moses: 'Whosoever hath sinned against Me, '''him will I blot out of My book'''.

<br>
''(Proclamation just before additional Israelites are smitten/blotted out by the {{LORD}} for making the Golden Calf.)''
''(Proclamation just before additional Israelites are smitten/blotted out by the {{LORD}} for making the Golden Calf.)''


When [[Moses]] went up onto [[Mount Sinai]] to receive the [[Ten Commandments]] ([http://bible.cc/exodus/19-20.htm Exodus 19:20]), he left the Israelites for forty days and forty nights ([http://bible.cc/exodus/24-18.htm Exodus 24:18]). The Israelites feared that he would not return and asked Aaron to make gods for them ([http://bible.cc/exodus/32-1.htm Exodus 32:1]). The Bible does not note Aaron's opinion of this request, merely that he complied, and gathered up the Israelites' golden earrings. He melted them and constructed the golden calf.

Aaron also built an [[altar]] before the calf, and the next day, the Israelites made offerings and celebrated.

The Lord told Moses that his people had corrupted themselves, and that he planned to eliminate them, but Moses argued and pleaded that they should be spared ([http://bible.cc/exodus/32-11.htm Exodus 32:11]); the Lord relented. Moses went down from the mountain, but upon seeing the calf, he too became angry. He threw down the tablets upon which God's law had been written, and broke them. Moses then burnt the golden calf in the fire, ground it to powder, scattered it on water, and forced the Israelites to drink it. He questioned Aaron about the event, who admitted to collecting the gold, throwing it into the fire, and out came a calf. Then Moses gathered the sons of [[Levi]] and set them to slaying a large number of adult males (3000). A plague then struck the Israelites. Nevertheless, the Lord stated that he would one day visit the Israelites' sin upon them.

Since Moses had broken the tablets, the Lord instructed him to return to Mount Sinai yet again ([http://bible.cc/exodus/34-2.htm Exodus 34:2]) to receive a replacement.


==Leviticus==
==Leviticus==
'''Leviticus''' (from [[Greek language|Greek]] ''Λευιτικός'', "relating to the Levites") is the third book of the [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]], of the [[Old Testament]], and of the [[Torah]] (five books of Moses).

Many of the quotes here are basic laws of ''kashrut'' are derived from the [[Torah]]'s Books of [[Leviticus]] and [[Deuteronomy]], with their details set down in the [[oral law]] (the [[Mishnah]] and the [[Talmud]]) and codified by the ''[[Shulchan Aruch]]'' and later [[rabbinic literature|rabbinical authorities]]. The Torah does not explicitly state the reason for most ''kashrut'' laws, and many varied reasons have been offered for these laws, ranging from philosophical and ritualistic, to practical and hygienic.

The main points of the book are concerned with legal rules, and priestly ritual. The first 16 chapters and the last chapter describe the Priestly Code, detailing ritual cleanliness, sin-offerings, and the Day of Atonement, including Chapter 12 which mandates male circumcision.[http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/Bible/Leviticus.html] Chapters 17-26 describe the holiness code, including the injunction in chapter 19 to love one's neighbor as oneself.[http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/Bible/Leviticus.html] Among its many prohibitions, the book uses the word "abomination" 16 times, including dietary restrictions prohibiting [[shellfish]], certain [[fowl]], and "Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all four, or whatsoever hath more feet among all creeping things that creep upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are an abomination"(chapter 11); and sexual restrictions prohibiting lying "with mankind, as with womankind" (chapter 18, see also chapter 20); the book similarly prohibits eating [[pork]] and [[rabbits]] because they are "unclean."[http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/Bible/Leviticus.html] The rules in Leviticus are generally addressed to the descendants of Israel, except for example the prohibition in chapter 20 against sacrificing children to rival god [[Molech]], which applies equally to "the strangers that sojourn in Israel".[http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/Bible/Leviticus.html]

According to tradition, Moses authored all five books of the Torah. According to the documentary hypothesis, Leviticus derives almost entirely from the priestly source (P), marked by emphasis on priestly concerns, composed ''c'' 550-400 BC, and incorporated into the Torah ''c'' 400 BC.

'''''Kashrut''''' (also '''''kashruth''''' or '''''kashrus''''', {{lang|he|כַּשְרוּת}}) refers to [[Judaism|Jewish]] [[dietary laws]]. [[Food]] in accord with ''[[halakha]]'' (Jewish law) is termed '''kosher''' in [[English language|English]], from the [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] term ''kashér'', meaning "fit" (in this context, fit for consumption by Jews according to traditional [[Halakha|Jewish law]]). Jews may not consume non-kosher food (but there are no restrictions for non-dietary use, for example, [[injection]] of [[insulin]] of [[porcine]] origin). Food that is not in accord with Jewish law is called '''''treif''''', ({{lang|yi|טרייף}} or treyf, Hebrew {{lang|he|טְרֵפָה}} ''trēfáh''). Treif meat is meat from a non-kosher animal or a kosher animal that has not been properly slaughtered according to Jewish law, but the term is applied by extension to all non-kosher food.

By extension, the word ''[[wiktionary:kosher|kosher]]'' means legitimate, acceptable, permissible, genuine or authentic, in a broader sense.<ref>For example, The [[Babylonian Talmud]] refers to [[Darius I|King Daryavesh]] (Darius the Great of Persia), who assisted in building the [[Second Temple]], as a "kosher king". The translation refers to 'kosher' being used in the sense of 'virtuous'. [[Rosh Hashanah (Talmud)|Tractate Rosh Hashanah]] 3a, ''Schottenstein Edition'', Mesorah Publications Ltd.</ref>

[[Islam]] has a [[Islamic and Jewish dietary laws compared|related but different]] system, named ''[[halal]]'', and both systems have a comparable system of [[ritual slaughter]] (''[[shechita]]'' in Judaism and ''[[Ḏabīḥah]]'' in Islam).

===Leviticus Chapter 7===
===Leviticus Chapter 7===
[[Image:azazel.jpg|350px|left|thumb|A modern interpretation of Azazel as a Satanic, goatlike demon, from [[Collin de Plancy]]'s ''[[Dictionnaire Infernal]]'' (Paris,1825).]]
[[Image:Azazel_(DI).png|350px|left|thumb|A modern interpretation of Azazel as a Satanic, goatlike demon, from [[Collin de Plancy]]'s ''[[Dictionnaire Infernal]]'' (Paris,1825).]]
* Leviticus 7:20
* Leviticus 7:20


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And when any one shall touch any unclean thing, whether it be the uncleanness of man, or an unclean beast, or any unclean detestable thing, and eat of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace-offerings, which pertain unto the {{LORD}}, that '''soul shall be cut off from his people'''.
And when any one shall touch any unclean thing, whether it be the uncleanness of man, or an unclean beast, or any unclean detestable thing, and eat of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace-offerings, which pertain unto the {{LORD}}, that '''soul shall be cut off from his people'''.

<br>
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who eats certain "unclean" flesh, or the flesh of certain sacrificial offerings.)''
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who eats certain "unclean" flesh, or the flesh of certain sacrificial offerings.)''


Line 261: Line 147:


Whosoever it be that eateth any blood, that '''soul shall be cut off from his people'''.
Whosoever it be that eateth any blood, that '''soul shall be cut off from his people'''.

<br>
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone for consuming blood.)''
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone for consuming blood.)''


Line 268: Line 154:


All the days wherein the plague is in him he shall be unclean; he is unclean; '''he shall dwell alone; without the camp''' shall his dwelling be.
All the days wherein the plague is in him he shall be unclean; he is unclean; '''he shall dwell alone; without the camp''' shall his dwelling be.

<br>
''(Proclamation to quarantine persons exhibiting illness.)''
''(Proclamation to quarantine persons exhibiting illness.)''


Line 276: Line 162:


But the goat, on which the lot fell for Azazel, shall be set alive before the {{LORD}}, to make atonement over him, '''to send him away for Azazel into the wilderness'''.
But the goat, on which the lot fell for Azazel, shall be set alive before the {{LORD}}, to make atonement over him, '''to send him away for Azazel into the wilderness'''.

<br>
''(The goat is sent away to die alone in the desert in the place of a person, who according to the Leviticus ideology deserves the same punishment due to his sins, and would have had to bare this punishment, had the punishment not been "transferred" onto the goat.)''
''(The goat is sent away to die alone in the desert in the place of a person, who according to the Leviticus ideology deserves the same punishment due to his sins, and would have had to bear this punishment, had the punishment not been "transferred" onto the goat.)''


===Leviticus Chapter 17===
===Leviticus Chapter 17===
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and hath not brought it unto the door of the tent of meeting, to present it as an offering unto the {{LORD}} before the tabernacle of the {{LORD}}, blood shall be imputed unto that man; he hath shed blood; and that '''man shall be cut off from among his people'''.
and hath not brought it unto the door of the tent of meeting, to present it as an offering unto the {{LORD}} before the tabernacle of the {{LORD}}, blood shall be imputed unto that man; he hath shed blood; and that '''man shall be cut off from among his people'''.

<br>
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who kills an animal for this own benefit.)''
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who kills an animal for this own benefit.)''


Line 289: Line 175:


and bringeth it not unto the door of the tent of meeting, to sacrifice it unto the {{LORD}}, even that man '''shall be cut off from his people'''.
and bringeth it not unto the door of the tent of meeting, to sacrifice it unto the {{LORD}}, even that man '''shall be cut off from his people'''.

<br>
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who attempts to make a sacrifice by himself rather than have the recognized priests do it.)''
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who attempts to make a sacrifice by himself rather than have the recognized priests do it.)''


Line 299: Line 185:


For as to the life of all flesh, the blood thereof is all one with the life thereof; therefore I said unto the children of Israel: Ye shall eat the blood of no manner of flesh; for the life of all flesh is the blood thereof; whosoever eateth it '''shall be cut off'''.
For as to the life of all flesh, the blood thereof is all one with the life thereof; therefore I said unto the children of Israel: Ye shall eat the blood of no manner of flesh; for the life of all flesh is the blood thereof; whosoever eateth it '''shall be cut off'''.

<br>
''(Proclamations to "cut off" anyone who consumes blood.)''
''(Proclamations to "cut off" anyone who consumes blood.)''


Line 307: Line 193:


For whosoever shall do any of these abominations, even the souls that do them '''shall be cut off from among their people'''.
For whosoever shall do any of these abominations, even the souls that do them '''shall be cut off from among their people'''.

<br>
''(This follows descriptions of various sexual offenses.)''
''(This follows descriptions of various sexual offenses.)''


Line 314: Line 200:


But every one that eateth it shall bear his iniquity, because he hath profaned the holy thing of the {{LORD}}; and that '''soul shall be cut off from his people'''.
But every one that eateth it shall bear his iniquity, because he hath profaned the holy thing of the {{LORD}}; and that '''soul shall be cut off from his people'''.

<br>
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who eats a certain kind of peace offering on the 3rd day or later.)''
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who eats a certain kind of peace offering on the 3rd day or later.)''


===Leviticus Chapter 20===
===Leviticus Chapter 20===

{{Infobox Holiday
|image = Gottlieb-Jews Praying in the Synagogue on Yom Kippur.jpg|75px|left|
|caption = Yom Kippur in the synagogue, painting by [[Maurycy Gottlieb]] (1878)
|holiday_name = Yom Kippur
|official_name = [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]: '''יוֹם כִּפּוּר''' or '''יום הכיפורים'''
|date = 10th day of [[Tishrei]]
|date2008 = Sunset, [[October 8]] – nightfall, [[October 9]]

}}'''Yom Kippur''' ([[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]:יוֹם כִּפּוּר , {{IPA2|ˈjɔm kiˈpur}}), also known in English as the ''Day of Atonement'', is the most solemn of the [[Jewish holiday]]s. Its central themes are [[Atonement in Judaism|atonement]] and [[Repentance in Judaism|repentance]]. Jews have traditionally observed this holiday with a 25-hour period of [[Ta'anit|fasting]] and intensive [[Jewish services|prayer]].


* Leviticus 20:3
* Leviticus 20:3
Line 340: Line 216:


And the soul that turneth unto the ghosts, and unto the familiar spirits, to go astray after them, I will even set My face against that soul, and will '''cut him off from among his people'''.
And the soul that turneth unto the ghosts, and unto the familiar spirits, to go astray after them, I will even set My face against that soul, and will '''cut him off from among his people'''.

<br>
''(Proclamations to "cut off" anyone who "gives his seed to Molech" -- sacrifices his children onto a foreign god.)''
''(Proclamations to "cut off" anyone who "gives his seed to Molech" -- sacrifices his children onto a foreign god.)''


Line 349: Line 225:
* Leviticus 20:18
* Leviticus 20:18


And if a man shall lie with a woman having her sickness, and shall uncover her nakedness--he hath made naked her fountain, and she hath uncovered the fountain of her blood--both of them '''shall be cut off from among their people'''.
And if a man shall lie with a woman having her sickness, and shall uncover her nakedness—he hath made naked her fountain, and she hath uncovered the fountain of her blood—both of them '''shall be cut off from among their people'''.

<br>
''(Proclamations to "cut off" anyone engaging in various sexual offenses.)''
''(Proclamations to "cut off" anyone engaging in various sexual offenses.)''


Line 358: Line 234:


Say unto them: Whosoever he be of all your seed throughout your generations, that approacheth unto the holy things, which the children of Israel hallow unto the {{LORD}}, having his uncleanness upon him, that soul '''shall be cut off from before Me''': I am the {{LORD}}.
Say unto them: Whosoever he be of all your seed throughout your generations, that approacheth unto the holy things, which the children of Israel hallow unto the {{LORD}}, having his uncleanness upon him, that soul '''shall be cut off from before Me''': I am the {{LORD}}.

<br>
''(Proclamations to "cut off" anyone for incorrectly using objects used for worship.)''
''(Proclamations to "cut off" anyone for incorrectly using objects used for worship.)''


Line 364: Line 240:


* Leviticus 23:29For whatsoever soul it be that shall not be afflicted in that same day, he '''shall be cut off from his people'''.
* Leviticus 23:29For whatsoever soul it be that shall not be afflicted in that same day, he '''shall be cut off from his people'''.

<br>
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who does not atone on the Day of Atonement -- Yom Kippur.)''
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who does not atone on the Day of Atonement—[[Yom Kippur]].)''


===Leviticus Chapter 26===
===Leviticus Chapter 26===
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And you will I '''scatter among the nations''', and I will draw out the sword after you; and your land shall be a desolation, and your cities shall be a waste.
And you will I '''scatter among the nations''', and I will draw out the sword after you; and your land shall be a desolation, and your cities shall be a waste.

<br>
''(Proclamation to expel the Israelites from the land if they fail to adhere to the ideology of the book of Leviticus. Follows descriptions of various related curses.)''
''(Proclamation to expel the Israelites from the land if they fail to adhere to the ideology of the book of Leviticus. Follows descriptions of various related curses.)''


==Numbers==
==Numbers==
The '''Book of Numbers''', ({{Hebrew|בַּמִּדְבָּר}}, ''Bamidbar'', meaning ''in the desert''<ref>"The Hebrew title serves to foreground the years of testing in the wilderness that make up the central section of the book (chapters 11-21)." Gregory Goswell, "What's in a Name? Book Titles in the Torah and Former Prophets," ''Pacifica'' 20 (2007), 268.</ref>), is the fourth book of the [[Torah]], the [[Tanakh]], and the [[Old Testament]]. In the [[Greek language|Greek]] [[Septuagint]] it is called ''Arithmoi'', or ''Numbers'', because it contains a record of the numbering of the Israelites in the wilderness of [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]] and later on the plain of [[Moab]].

This book may be divided into three parts:

#The numbering of the people at Sinai, and preparations for resuming their march (1-10:10). The sixth chapter gives an account of the vow of a [[Nazirite]].
#An account of the journey from Sinai to Moab, the sending out of the spies and the report they brought back, and the murmurings (eight times) of the people at the hardships by the way (10:11-21:20).
#The transactions in the plain of Moab before crossing the [[Jordan River]] (21:21-36).

The period comprehended in the history extends from the second month of the second year after [[the Exodus]] to the beginning of the eleventh month of the fortieth year, in all about thirty-eight years and ten months; a dreary period of wanderings. They were fewer in number at the end of their wanderings than when they left the land of [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]].

According to tradition, Moses authored all five books of the Torah. According to the documentary hypothesis, Numbers, with its dry style and emphasis on censuses, derives from the priestly source, c. 550-400 BC. It was combined with the other three sources to create the Torah c. 400.<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref>

===Numbers Chapter 5===
===Numbers Chapter 5===
[[Image:Leprosy.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Leprosy]]
[[Image:Leprosy.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Leprosy]]
Line 400: Line 264:


And the children of Israel did so, and '''put them out without the camp'''; as the {{LORD}} spoke unto Moses, so did the children of Israel.
And the children of Israel did so, and '''put them out without the camp'''; as the {{LORD}} spoke unto Moses, so did the children of Israel.
<br>
''(Proclamation to "put out" anyone afflicted by leprosy, as this is considered to "defile" the camp. This is done according to 5:4.)''

'''Tzaraath''' (''tzaraas'', ''tzaraat'', ''tsaraas'', ''tsaraat''; [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] צרעת) is a disfigurative condition named by the [[masoretic text]] of the [[Priestly Code]] in the [[Tanakh]]<ref>{{bibleverse||Leviticus|13-14|}}</ref>. The word is used for both skin conditions and for discolorations that affect clothes and buildings. ''Tzaraath'' is translated by the [[Septuagint]] as ''lepra'', and was consequently translated by older [[English translations of the Bible]] as ''[[leprosy]]'', with which ''lepra'' is [[cognate]]. Several of the symptoms mentioned by the biblical text are inconsistent with ''tzaraath'' being leprosy, and additionally, the most obvious features of leprosy - the strong disfigurement of the face due to its swelling, and the rotting of limbs - are unmentioned in the description of ''tzaraath''.

'''[[Leprosy]]''', or '''Hansen's disease''', is a [[chronic]] [[infectious disease]] caused by the [[Bacteria|bacterium]] ''[[Mycobacterium leprae]]'' Leprosy is primarily a [[granuloma]]tous disease of the [[peripheral nerves]] and [[mucosa]] of the [[upper respiratory tract]]; skin lesions are the primary external symptom. Left untreated, leprosy can be progressive, causing permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes. Contrary to popular conception,{{Fact|date=November 2007}} leprosy does not cause body parts to simply fall off, and it differs from [[tzaraath]], the malady described in the Hebrew scriptures and previously translated into English as ''leprosy''.<ref>Leviticus 13:59, Artscroll Tanakh and Metsudah Chumash translations, 1996 and 1994, respectively.</ref>


''(Proclamation to "put out" anyone afflicted by [[leprosy]], as this is considered to "defile" the camp. This is done according to 5:4.)''
Historically, leprosy has affected humanity since at least 600 BC, and was well-recognized in the civilizations of [[History of China|ancient China]], [[ancient Egypt|Egypt]] and [[History of India|India]].<ref name=WHO_Factsheet>{{cite web | title = Leprosy | work = WHO | url = http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs101/en/ | accessdate = 2007-08-22}}</ref> In 1995, the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) estimated that between two and three million individuals were permanently disabled because of leprosy.<ref name=WHO_1995>{{cite journal |author=WHO|title=Leprosy disabilities: magnitude of the problem |journal=Weekly Epidemiological Record |volume=70 |issue=38 |pages=269-75 |year=1995 |pmid=7577430}}</ref> Although the forced [[quarantine]] or segregation of patients is unnecessary&mdash;and can be considered [[Ethics|unethical]]&mdash;a few [[leper colony|leper colonies]] still remain around the world, in countries such as [[India]], [[Japan]], and [[Vietnam]].


===Numbers Chapter 9===
===Numbers Chapter 9===
Line 413: Line 271:


But the man that is clean, and is not on a journey, and forbeareth to keep the passover, that '''soul shall be cut off from his people'''; because he brought not the offering of the {{LORD}} in its appointed season, that man shall bear his sin.
But the man that is clean, and is not on a journey, and forbeareth to keep the passover, that '''soul shall be cut off from his people'''; because he brought not the offering of the {{LORD}} in its appointed season, that man shall bear his sin.

<br>
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone for not observing Passover.)''
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone for not observing [[Passover]].)''


===Numbers Chapter 15===
===Numbers Chapter 15===
Line 420: Line 278:


But the soul that doeth aught with a high hand, whether he be home-born or a stranger, the same blasphemeth the {{LORD}}; and that '''soul shall be cut off''' from among his people.
But the soul that doeth aught with a high hand, whether he be home-born or a stranger, the same blasphemeth the {{LORD}}; and that '''soul shall be cut off''' from among his people.

<br>
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who disagrees with the ideology of the Book of Numbers.)''
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who knowingly and deliberately violates the [[Covenant (Biblical)|covenant]].)''


===Numbers Chapter 19===
===Numbers Chapter 19===
* Numbers 19:13
* Numbers 19:13


Whosoever toucheth the dead, even the body of any man that is dead, and purifieth not himself--he hath defiled the tabernacle of the {{LORD}}--that '''soul shall be cut off from Israel'''; because the water of sprinkling was not dashed against him, he shall be unclean; his uncleanness is yet upon him.
Whosoever toucheth the dead, even the body of any man that is dead, and purifieth not himself—he hath defiled the tabernacle of the {{LORD}}—that '''soul shall be cut off from Israel'''; because the water of sprinkling was not dashed against him, he shall be unclean; his uncleanness is yet upon him.

<br>
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who does not "purify" himself after being around a dead body before attempting to worship.)''
''(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who does not "purify" himself after being around a dead body before attempting to worship.)''


==Deuteronomy==
==Deuteronomy==
'''Deuteronomy''' (Greek ''deuteronomion,''Δευτερο-νομιον "second law") is the fifth book of the [[Hebrew Bible]] and of the [[Old Testament]]. In form it is a set of three sermons delivered by [[Moses]] reviewing the previous forty years of wandering in the wilderness; its central element is a detailed law-code by which the Children of Israel are to live in the Promised Land.

In theological terms the book constitutes a covenant between [[Yahweh]], the God of Israel, and the "[[Children of Israel]]", his "chosen people"; this is the culmination of the series of covenants which begins with that between Yahweh and all living things after the Flood (Genesis 9). One of its most significant verses constitutes the [[shema]] ("Hear, O Israel, the Lord ([[YHWH]]) is our God, the Lord (YHWH) alone!"), which today serves as the definitive statement of Jewish identity.

The bulk of the book appears to have been composed in the late 7th century BC, during the religious reforms carried out under king [[Josiah]] of [[Judah]], with later additions from the period after the fall of Judah to the [[Neo-Babylonian]] empire in 596 BC. Its essential concerns mirror the thrust of Josiah's reforms: Yahweh is to be accepted as the sole God of Israel, and worshipped only in one place.

The title is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''Deuteronomium,'' "second law", from ''to deuteronomium touto,'' "this second law", from the erroneous [[Septuagint]] rendering of the Hebrew phrase ''mishneh ha-torah ha-zot'', "a copy of this law" (Deuteronomy 17:18). Its [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] title is '''Devarim''', {{Hebrew|דְּבָרִים}}, "words", specifically spoken words. <ref>[http://www.morfix.co.il/u8to1255Milon.aspx?q=%d7%93%d7%91%d7%a8 morfix online dictionary]; in modern Hebrew this meaning has been retained only in the "[[Hebrew grammar#Noun construct|smichut]]" (genitive noun construct), e.g. "לפי דבריך" = "according to what you said".</ref>, from the opening phrase ''Eleh ha-devarim'', "These are the words...".

===Deuteronomy Chapter 29===
===Deuteronomy Chapter 29===


[[Image:Dore joshua crossing.jpg|thumb|300px|right|"The Children of Israel Crossing the Jordan" by Gustave Doré (d. 1883)]]
* Deuteronomy 29:19
* Deuteronomy 29:19


the {{LORD}} will not be willing to pardon him, but then the anger of the {{LORD}} and His jealousy shall be kindled against that man, and all the curse that is written in this book shall lie upon him, and the '''{{LORD}} shall blot out his name from under heaven''';
the {{LORD}} will not be willing to pardon him, but then the anger of the {{LORD}} and His jealousy shall be kindled against that man, and all the curse that is written in this book shall lie upon him, and the '''{{LORD}} shall blot out his name from under heaven''';

<br>
''(Proclamation to "blot out" "from under heaven" anyone who "turns away from the {{LORD}}".)''
''(Proclamation to "blot out" "from under heaven" anyone who "turns away from the {{LORD}}".)''


Line 451: Line 300:


and the {{LORD}} rooted them out of their land in anger, and in wrath, and in great indignation, and '''cast them into another land''', as it is this day'.--
and the {{LORD}} rooted them out of their land in anger, and in wrath, and in great indignation, and '''cast them into another land''', as it is this day'.--

<br>
==See also==
''(Strange switch to past-tense as if the time-line suddenly jumped fast-forward into the future some time after the expulsion of Israelites from the land of Canaan or parts of it. According to conventional religious wisdom, this text had to have been written before the Israelites initially entered the land of Canaan by crossing the Jordan river.)''
* [[Babylonian captivity]]
* [[Biblical Egypt]]
* [[Exile]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
* "[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/banishment Banishment]". ''Jewishvirtuallibrary.org''. Retrieved August 29, 2019.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Banishment In The Bible}}
[[Category:Exile]]
[[Category:Exile]]
[[Category:Canon law]]
[[Category:Criminology]]
[[Category:Punishments]]
[[Category:Religious law]]
[[Category:Religious law]]
[[Category:Torah events]]
[[Category:Punishments in religion]]
[[Category:Hebrew Bible topics]]
[[Category:Torah]]

Latest revision as of 16:44, 8 February 2024

Banishment or exile can be a form of punishment. It means to be away from one's home (i.e. city, state or country) while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by prison or death upon return. It is a common theme within the Bible, beginning with Adam and Eve. Below is a partial list of these exiles as referenced in the Bible.

Genesis

[edit]

Genesis Chapter 3

[edit]
  • Genesis 3:23

Therefore, the LORD God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken.

  • Genesis 3:24

So He drove out the man; and He placed at the east of the garden of Eden the cherubim, and the flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way to the tree of life.

(Adam and Eve expelled from the Garden of Eden for eating the forbidden apple.)

Genesis Chapter 6

[edit]
The Deluge by Gustave Doré.
  • Genesis 6:7

And the LORD said: 'I will blot out man whom I have created from the face of the earth; both man, and beast, and creeping thing, and fowl of the air; for it repenteth Me that I have made them.'

(The LORD decides to flood the earth due to the evil of men—just before Noah's Flood.)

Genesis Chapter 11

[edit]
Engraving The Confusion of Tongues by Gustave Doré (1865), who based his conception on the Minaret of Samarra[citation needed]
  • Genesis 11:9

Therefore, was the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did there confound the language of all the earth; and from thence did the LORD scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.

(No longer able to communicate and resolve conflicts, people scatter themselves after the failed Tower of Babel project.)

Genesis Chapter 13

[edit]
  • Genesis 13:9

Is not the whole land before thee? separate thyself, I pray thee, from me; if thou wilt take the left hand, then I will go to the right; or if thou take the right hand, then I will go to the left.'

(Abraham and his brother Lot decide to separate their households to avoid conflicts over land and property.)

The story of Lot is told in the Book of Genesis. Lot is mentioned in chapters 11-14 and 19.

Genesis Chapter 16

[edit]
"The dismissal of Hagar", 1612 by Pieter Pietersz Lastman
  • Genesis 16:6

But Abram said unto Sarai: 'Behold, thy maid is in thy hand; do to her that which is good in thine eyes.' And Sarai dealt harshly with her, and she fled from her face.

(Sarah deals harshly with her Egyptian maid Hagar, forcing her to run away.)

Genesis Chapter 17

[edit]
An angel prevents the sacrifice of Isaac. Abraham and Isaac
  • Genesis 17:14

And the uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath broken My covenant.'

(The LORD talks to Abraham just before telling him that Sarah will bear Isaac, proclaiming that uncircumcised males shall be "cut off".)

Genesis Chapter 21

[edit]
Expulsion of Ishmael and His Mother, from Gustave Doré's illustrated Bible of 1866.
  • Genesis 21:14

And Abraham arose up early in the morning, and took bread and a bottle of water, and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and the child, and sent her away; and she departed, and strayed in the wilderness of Beer-sheba.

(Abraham 'divorces' Hagar after being advised to do so by Sarah, sending her into the desert with only her son Ishmael. Afterwards, the water is depleted, and Hagar sits down to die. An Angel of the LORD then appears and rescues Hagar and Ishmael, and promises to make Ishmael "a great nation".)

Genesis Chapter 37

[edit]
Joseph reveals himself to his brothers, by Peter von Cornelius
  • Genesis 37:28

And there passed by Midianites, merchantmen; and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty shekels of silver. And they brought Joseph into Egypt.

(Joseph sold to slavery by his own brothers after their father Isaac sent him to check up on them.)

Exodus

[edit]

Exodus Chapter 12

[edit]
Moses before the Pharaoh, a 6th-century miniature from the Syriac Bible of Paris.
  • Exodus 12:15

Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread; howbeit the first day ye shall put away leaven out of your houses; for whosoever eateth leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut off from Israel.

  • Exodus 12:19

Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses; for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he be a sojourner, or one that is born in the land.

(The LORD speaks to Moses and Aaron just before the Exodus from the land of Egypt, proclaiming that anyone who eats leavened bread during a certain period of time will be "cut off".)

Exodus Chapter 17

[edit]
"The Children of Israel Crossing the Jordan" by Gustave Doré (d. 1883)
  • Exodus 17:14

And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Write this for a memorial in the book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua: for I will utterly blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven.'

(After the Amalekites attacked the Israelites in the desert and the Israelites retaliated under the command of Joshua.)

Exodus Chapter 30

[edit]
The High Priest
  • Exodus 30:38

Whosoever shall make like unto that, to smell thereof, he shall be cut off from his people.'

(Short time after the LORD commands the Israelites to anoint Aaron and his sons as priests. Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who tries to make their own offering—anyone who does not recognize Aaron and his sons as priests.)

Exodus Chapter 31

[edit]
The Shabbat table is set: two covered challot, a kiddush cup, two candles, and flowers.
  • Exodus 31:14

Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore, for it is holy unto you; every one that profaneth it shall surely be put to death; for whosoever doeth any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who does not observe the Sabbath.)

Exodus Chapter 32

[edit]
The Worship of the Golden Calf by Filippino Lippi (1457–1504)
  • Exodus 32:32

Yet now, if Thou wilt forgive their sin--; and if not, blot me, I pray Thee, out of Thy book which Thou hast written.'

(Moses begs the LORD to forgive the Israelites for the Sin of the Golden Calf, or to otherwise, "blot out" him as well.)

  • Exodus 32:33

And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Whosoever hath sinned against Me, him will I blot out of My book.

(Proclamation just before additional Israelites are smitten/blotted out by the LORD for making the Golden Calf.)

Leviticus

[edit]

Leviticus Chapter 7

[edit]
A modern interpretation of Azazel as a Satanic, goatlike demon, from Collin de Plancy's Dictionnaire Infernal (Paris,1825).
  • Leviticus 7:20

But the soul that eateth of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace-offerings, that pertain unto the LORD, having his uncleanness upon him, that soul shall be cut off from his people.

  • Leviticus 7:21

And when any one shall touch any unclean thing, whether it be the uncleanness of man, or an unclean beast, or any unclean detestable thing, and eat of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace-offerings, which pertain unto the LORD, that soul shall be cut off from his people.

(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who eats certain "unclean" flesh, or the flesh of certain sacrificial offerings.)

  • Leviticus 7:27

Whosoever it be that eateth any blood, that soul shall be cut off from his people.

(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone for consuming blood.)

Leviticus Chapter 13

[edit]
  • Leviticus 13:46

All the days wherein the plague is in him he shall be unclean; he is unclean; he shall dwell alone; without the camp shall his dwelling be.

(Proclamation to quarantine persons exhibiting illness.)

Leviticus Chapter 16

[edit]
  • Leviticus 16:10

But the goat, on which the lot fell for Azazel, shall be set alive before the LORD, to make atonement over him, to send him away for Azazel into the wilderness.

(The goat is sent away to die alone in the desert in the place of a person, who according to the Leviticus ideology deserves the same punishment due to his sins, and would have had to bear this punishment, had the punishment not been "transferred" onto the goat.)

Leviticus Chapter 17

[edit]
  • Leviticus 17:4

and hath not brought it unto the door of the tent of meeting, to present it as an offering unto the LORD before the tabernacle of the LORD, blood shall be imputed unto that man; he hath shed blood; and that man shall be cut off from among his people.

(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who kills an animal for this own benefit.)

  • Leviticus 17:9

and bringeth it not unto the door of the tent of meeting, to sacrifice it unto the LORD, even that man shall be cut off from his people.

(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who attempts to make a sacrifice by himself rather than have the recognized priests do it.)

  • Leviticus 17:10

And whatsoever man there be of the house of Israel, or of the strangers that sojourn among them, that eateth any manner of blood, I will set My face against that soul that eateth blood, and will cut him off from among his people.

  • Leviticus 17:14

For as to the life of all flesh, the blood thereof is all one with the life thereof; therefore I said unto the children of Israel: Ye shall eat the blood of no manner of flesh; for the life of all flesh is the blood thereof; whosoever eateth it shall be cut off.

(Proclamations to "cut off" anyone who consumes blood.)

Leviticus Chapter 18

[edit]
A painting of God watching as an angel and a demon fight for a man's soul
  • Leviticus 18:29

For whosoever shall do any of these abominations, even the souls that do them shall be cut off from among their people.

(This follows descriptions of various sexual offenses.)

Leviticus Chapter 19

[edit]
  • Leviticus 19:8

But every one that eateth it shall bear his iniquity, because he hath profaned the holy thing of the LORD; and that soul shall be cut off from his people.

(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who eats a certain kind of peace offering on the 3rd day or later.)

Leviticus Chapter 20

[edit]
  • Leviticus 20:3

I also will set My face against that man, and will cut him off from among his people, because he hath given of his seed unto Molech, to defile My sanctuary, and to profane My holy name.

  • Leviticus 20:5

then I will set My face against that man, and against his family, and will cut him off, and all that go astray after him, to go astray after Molech, from among their people.

  • Leviticus 20:6

And the soul that turneth unto the ghosts, and unto the familiar spirits, to go astray after them, I will even set My face against that soul, and will cut him off from among his people.

(Proclamations to "cut off" anyone who "gives his seed to Molech" -- sacrifices his children onto a foreign god.)

  • Leviticus 20:17

And if a man shall take his sister, his father's daughter, or his mother's daughter, and see her nakedness, and she see his nakedness: it is a shameful thing; and they shall be cut off in the sight of the children of their people: he hath uncovered his sister's nakedness; he shall bear his iniquity.

  • Leviticus 20:18

And if a man shall lie with a woman having her sickness, and shall uncover her nakedness—he hath made naked her fountain, and she hath uncovered the fountain of her blood—both of them shall be cut off from among their people.

(Proclamations to "cut off" anyone engaging in various sexual offenses.)

Leviticus Chapter 22

[edit]
  • Leviticus 22:3

Say unto them: Whosoever he be of all your seed throughout your generations, that approacheth unto the holy things, which the children of Israel hallow unto the LORD, having his uncleanness upon him, that soul shall be cut off from before Me: I am the LORD.

(Proclamations to "cut off" anyone for incorrectly using objects used for worship.)

Leviticus Chapter 23

[edit]
  • Leviticus 23:29For whatsoever soul it be that shall not be afflicted in that same day, he shall be cut off from his people.

(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who does not atone on the Day of Atonement—Yom Kippur.)

Leviticus Chapter 26

[edit]
  • Leviticus 26:33

And you will I scatter among the nations, and I will draw out the sword after you; and your land shall be a desolation, and your cities shall be a waste.

(Proclamation to expel the Israelites from the land if they fail to adhere to the ideology of the book of Leviticus. Follows descriptions of various related curses.)

Numbers

[edit]

Numbers Chapter 5

[edit]
Leprosy
  • Numbers 5:2

'Command the children of Israel, that they put out of the camp every leper, and every one that hath an issue, and whosoever is unclean by the dead;

  • Numbers 5:3<

both male and female shall ye put out, without the camp shall ye put them; that they defile not their camp, in the midst whereof I dwell.'

  • Numbers 5:4

And the children of Israel did so, and put them out without the camp; as the LORD spoke unto Moses, so did the children of Israel.

(Proclamation to "put out" anyone afflicted by leprosy, as this is considered to "defile" the camp. This is done according to 5:4.)

Numbers Chapter 9

[edit]
  • Numbers 9:13

But the man that is clean, and is not on a journey, and forbeareth to keep the passover, that soul shall be cut off from his people; because he brought not the offering of the LORD in its appointed season, that man shall bear his sin.

(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone for not observing Passover.)

Numbers Chapter 15

[edit]
  • Numbers 15:30

But the soul that doeth aught with a high hand, whether he be home-born or a stranger, the same blasphemeth the LORD; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who knowingly and deliberately violates the covenant.)

Numbers Chapter 19

[edit]
  • Numbers 19:13

Whosoever toucheth the dead, even the body of any man that is dead, and purifieth not himself—he hath defiled the tabernacle of the LORD—that soul shall be cut off from Israel; because the water of sprinkling was not dashed against him, he shall be unclean; his uncleanness is yet upon him.

(Proclamation to "cut off" anyone who does not "purify" himself after being around a dead body before attempting to worship.)

Deuteronomy

[edit]

Deuteronomy Chapter 29

[edit]
  • Deuteronomy 29:19

the LORD will not be willing to pardon him, but then the anger of the LORD and His jealousy shall be kindled against that man, and all the curse that is written in this book shall lie upon him, and the LORD shall blot out his name from under heaven;

(Proclamation to "blot out" "from under heaven" anyone who "turns away from the LORD".)

  • Deuteronomy 29:27

and the LORD rooted them out of their land in anger, and in wrath, and in great indignation, and cast them into another land, as it is this day'.--

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
  • "Banishment". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
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