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{{use American English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox Military Unit
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
|unit_name= 860th Bombardment Squadron
{{Infobox military unit
|image= [[File:No image available.svg|250px]]
|unit_name=860th Bombardment Squadron<br/>(later 967th Airborne Warning & Control Squadron)
|caption=
|image=493d Bombardment Group B-17 Flying Fortress Formation.jpg
|dates= 1942-1944
|image_size=300px
|country= [[United States]]
|caption=493d Bombardment Group B-17 Flying Fortress Formation
|allegiance=
|dates=1942-1945; 1959-1962
|branch=[[United States Air Force]]
|country={{USA}}
|type= Bombardment
|branch={{air force|USA}}
|role=
|role=Bombardment
|size=
|size=
|command_structure=
|command_structure=
|current_commander=
|current_commander=
|garrison=
|garrison=
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|nickname=
|nickname=
|motto={{langnf|la|Defensor Pacem|Defender of Peace}} <small>(1959-1962)</small>
|patron=
|motto=
|colors=
|colors=
|march=
|march=
|mascot=
|mascot=
|battles=[[European Theater of Operations]]<ref name=Maurer860BS>Maurer, ''Combat Squadrons'', p. 785</ref>
|battles=
|notable_commanders=
|notable_commanders=
|anniversaries=
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
|battle_honours=
<!-- Insignia -->
|identification_symbol=[[File:660 Bombardment Sq emblem.png|165px]]
|identification_symbol_label=660th Bombardment Squadron emblem <small>(1959-1962)</small>
}}
}}

The '''860th Bombardment Squadron''' is an inactive [[United States Air Force]] unit. It was last assigned to the [[493d Bombardment Group]]. It was inactivated at [[Sioux Falls Army Air Field]], [[South Dakota]] on 28 August 1945.
The '''860th Bombardment Squadron''' is a former [[United States Army Air Forces]] unit that was assigned to the [[493d Bombardment Group]] during World War II. It was part of the last bombardment [[group (military aviation unit)|group]] to be assigned to [[Eighth Air Force]]. It flew combat missions until [[V-E Day]], then returned to the United States for inactivation. In 1985, the [[squadron (aviation)|squadron]] was consolidated with the '''660th Bombardment Squadron''', a [[Strategic Air Command]] unit that flew [[Boeing B-47 Stratojet]]s during the [[Cold War]]. Although the two squadrons were consolidated as the '''967th Airborne Warning and Control Squadron''', they have never been active under that designation.


==History==
==History==
===World War II===
Established in late 1943 as a [[B-24 Liberator]] heavy bombardment squadron; assigned to [[II Bomber Command]] for training. One of the last heavy bomb squadrons activated, the unit trained at [[McCook Army Airfield]], [[Nebraska]] in a "hurry up" mode, as [[B-29 Superfortress]] training was being conducted by [[Second Air Force]] and heavy bomber training was rapidly being phased out. Intensive training of all airmen and support specialists began in January and was only occasionally interrupted by Nebraska's late winter and early spring storms. Air exercises in several models of B-24s included day and night flights, cross-country navigation, simulated bombing, aerial-gunnery practice, and squadron and group formation flying.
====Initial activation and training in the United States====
The '''860th Bombardment Squadron''' was first activated in September 1943 at [[McCook Army Air Field]], Nebraska as one of the original four squadrons of the [[493d Bombardment Group]].<ref name=Maurer860BS/><ref name=Maurer493BG>Maurer, ''Combat Units'', pp. 362-363</ref> The formation of the squadron was delayed by an administrative error that caused some of the unit's [[cadre (military)|cadre]] to report to [[Davis-Monthan Field]], Arizona instead of McCook. It was not until January 1944 that all personnel were at McCook.<ref name=Freeman262>Freeman, p. 262</ref> By this time, the squadron had transferred on paper to [[Elveden Hall]], England. The ground personnel of the squadron in the United States had been used to form [[Boeing B-29 Superfortress]] units being activated by [[Second Air Force]], while the air echelon remained in Nebraska to conduct training on their assigned [[Consolidated B-24 Liberator]]s. Meanwhile, [[Eighth Air Force]] formed a new ground echelon for the squadron in England from other units assigned to the [[3d Bombardment Division]]. This ground echelon moved to the squadron's combat station, [[RAF Debach]], in April 1944. The squadron's air echelon departed for England via the northern ferry route on 1 May, while a small ground component left McCook and sailed from [[Boston]], Massachusetts on the {{SS|Brazil (1928)}} on 12 May 1944.<ref name=Maurer493BG/><ref name=Freeman262/>


====Combat in Europe====
Was deployed to the [[European Theater of Operations]] (ETO), being assigned to [[VIII Bomber Command]] in [[England]]. Was assigned to [[RAF Debach]] though the balance of the war, with a temporary move to [[RAF Wormingford]] in early 1945 while runways were being repaired at Debach. Combat aircraft included B-24Hs and B-24Js from June 6 to August 24, 1944, and B-17Gs from September 8, 1944 to April 20, 1945.
[[File:B-24-493bg-debach.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|B-24s of the 493d Bomb Group at Debach]]
The squadron flew its first combat mission on [[D-Day]], 6 June 1944. It continued to fly Liberators until 24 August 1944, when it was withdrawn from combat to convert to [[Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress]]es, along with other units of the [[93d Bombardment Wing]], as Eighth Air Force concentrated all its Liberators in the [[2d Bombardment Division]]. It resumed combat missions with the B-17 on 8 September 1944.<ref name=Freeman262/> The squadron concentrated its attacks on military and industrial targets in Germany, attacking an ordnance depot in [[Magdeburg]], factories near [[Frankfurt]], and a [[synthetic oil]] manufacturing plant at [[Merseburg]]. It also attacked [[lines of communications]], including a railroad tunnel at [[Ahrweiler]], bridges at [[Irlich]], and [[marshalling yards]] near [[Cologne]].<ref name=Maurer493BG/>


Engaged in very long range strategic bombardment attacks on [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Occupied Europe]], striking airfields, bridges, and gun batteries prior to and during the invasion of [[Normandy]] in June 1944; hitting enemy positions to assist ground forces south of [[Caen]] and at [[Saint-Lô]] in July 1944; bombing German fortifications to cover the airborne attack on [[Holland]] in September 1944; attacking enemy communications during the [[Battle of the Bulge]], December 1944-January 1945; and assisting the airborne assault across the Rhine in March 1945. The squadron flew its last combat mission, an attack on marshalling yards at [[Nauen]], on 20 April 1945.
The squadron was occasionally diverted from the [[strategic bombing during World War II#US bombing in Europe|strategic bombing campaign]] to attack tactical targets. It supported [[Operation Overlord]], the Normandy invasion, striking [[artillery batteries]], airfields and bridges. It struck enemy ground forces south of [[Caen]] and during [[Operation Cobra]], the breakout at [[St Lo]]. It bombed German [[fortification]]s to support [[Operation Market Garden]], airborne attacks attempting to secure a bridgehead across the [[Rhine]] in the Netherlands, and attacked communications during the [[Battle of the Bulge]]. Toward the end of the war, it also supported [[Operation Varsity]], the airborne assault across the Rhine in Germany.<ref name=Maurer493BG/>


The squadron flew its last combat mission against marshalling yards near [[Nauen]] on 20 April 1945, although it flew food-dropping missions in early May.<ref name=Freeman262/> The squadron air echelon departed Debach on 30 June, while the ground echelon sailed for home aboard the {{RMS|Queen Elizabeth}} on 6 August 1945. In late August, the squadron assembled at [[Sioux Falls Army Air Field]], South Dakota, where it was inactivated on 28 August 1945.<ref name=Maurer860BS/><ref name=Maurer493BG/>
The squadron redeployed to the United States. in July and August 1945 and was established at [[Sioux Falls Army Air Field]], [[South Dakota]] on August 12 for B-29 training, however the Japanese Capitulation negated the need for the unit to train in B-29s and re-deploy to the Pacific Theater. The personnel were demobilized and the unit was inactivated there on August 28, 1945.

=== Lineage===
===Strategic Air Command===
[[File:B-47E.jpg|thumb|B-47s of Strategic Air Command]]
* Constituted '''860 Bombardment Squadron (Heavy)''' on 14 Sep 1943
Starting in 1958, the [[Boeing B-47 Stratojet]] wings of [[Strategic Air Command]] (SAC) began to assume an [[alert status|alert]] posture at their home bases, reducing the amount of time spent on alert at overseas bases. The SAC alert cycle divided itself into four parts: planning, flying, alert and rest to meet General [[Thomas S. Power]]'s initial goal of maintaining one third of SAC's planes on fifteen minute ground alert, fully fueled and ready for combat to reduce vulnerability to a Soviet missile strike.<ref name=Schake>Schake, p. 220 (note 43)</ref> To implement this new system, B-47 [[wing (military aviation unit)|wings]] reorganized from three to four squadrons.<ref name=Schake>Schake, p. 220 (note 43)</ref><ref name=strategicbomber>{{cite web |url= http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/001/010/802.xml|title=Abstract (Unclassified), History of the Strategic Bomber since 1945 (Top Secret, downgraded to Secret)|date=1 April 1975|publisher=Air Force History Index|access-date=4 March 2014}}</ref> The '''660th Bombardment Squadron''' was activated at [[Forbes Air Force Base]], Kansas as the fourth squadron of the [[40th Bombardment Wing]].<ref name=Ravenstein40SAW>Ravenstein, pp. 68-69</ref> The SAC alert commitment was increased to half the wing's aircraft in 1962 and the four squadron pattern no longer met the alert cycle commitment, so the squadron was inactivated on 1 January 1962.<ref name=strategicbomber/><ref name=Ravenstein40SAW/>
: Activated on 1 Nov 1943

: Redesignated '''860 Bombardment Squadron, Heavy''', on 21 Feb 1944
===Consolidation===
: Inactivated on 28 Aug 1945
In September 1985, the '''860th Bombardment Squadron''' and the '''660th Bombardment Squadron''' were consolidated as the '''967th Airborne Warning and Control Squadron'''.<ref name=DAFMPM662q>Department of the Air Force/MPM Letter 662q, 19 Sep 85, Subject: Reconstitution, Redesignation, and Consolidation of Selected Air Force Tactical Squadrons</ref>

==Lineage==
; 860th Bombardment Squadron
* Constituted as the '''860th Bombardment Squadron''' (Heavy) on 14 September 1943
: Activated on 1 November 1943
: Redesignated '''860 Bombardment Squadron''', Heavy on 21 February 1944
: Inactivated on 28 August 1945<ref name=Maurer860BS2>Lineage and aircraft through 1945 in Maurer, ''Combat Squadrons'', p. 785.</ref>
: Consolidated with the '''660th Bombardment Squadron''' as the '''967th Airborne Warning and Control Squadron''' on 19 September 1985<ref name=DAFMPM662q/>

; 967th Airborne Warning and Control Squadron
* Constituted in 1958 as the '''660th Bombardment Squadron''', Medium
: Activated on 1 February 1959
: Inactivated on 1 January 1962
* Consolidated with the 860th Bombardment Squadron as the '''967th Airborne Warning and Control Squadron''' on 15 September 1985<ref name=DAFMPM662q/>


===Assignments===
===Assignments===
* [[493d Bombardment Group]], 1 Nov 1943-28 Aug 1945
* [[493d Bombardment Group]], 1 November 1943 – 28 August 1945<ref name=Maurer860BS/>
* 40th Bombardment Wing, 1 February 1959 – 1 January 1962<ref name=Ravenstein40SAW/>


===Stations===
===Stations===
* [[McCook Army Airfield]], [[Nebraska]], 1 Nov 1943-1 Jan 1944
* McCook Army Air Field, Nebraska, 1 November 1943 – 1 January 1944
* Elveden Hall, [[England]], 1 Jan 1944
* Elveden Hall, England (Station 116),<ref name=Anderson>Station number in Anderson.</ref> England, 1 January 1944
* [[RAF Debach]] (AAF-152), [[England]], 17 Apr 1944
* RAF Debach (Station 152),<ref name=Anderson/> England, 17 April 1944 – 6 August 1945
* Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota, c. 13–28 August 1945<ref>Station information through 1945 in Maurer, ''Combat Squadrons'', p. 785, except as noted.</ref>
* [[RAF Wormingford]] (AAF-159), [[England]], 17 Feb 1945
* Forbes Air Force Base, Kansas, 1 February 1959 - 1 January 1962<ref>''See'' Ravenstein, pp. 68-69 (40th Bombardment Wing station).</ref>
* [[RAF Debach]], [[England]], 18 May-6 Aug 1945

* [[Sioux Falls Army Air Field]], [[South Dakota]], c. 13-28 Aug 1945
===Aircraft===
* Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1943–1944
* Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 1944-1945<ref name=Maurer860BS2/>
* Boeing B-47 Stratojet, 1959-1962<ref>''See'' Ravenstein, pp. 68-69 (40th Bombardment Wing bomber aircraft).</ref>

===Campaigns===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Campaign Streamer
! Campaign
! Dates
! Notes
|-
|[[Image:Streamer EAMEC.PNG|200px]]||Air Combat, EAME Theater||1 January 1944 – 11 May 1945||860th Bombardment Squadron<ref name=Maurer860BS/>
|-
|[[Image:Streamer EAMEC.PNG|200px]]||Normandy||6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944||860th Bombardment Squadron<ref name=Maurer860BS/>
|-
|[[Image:Streamer EAMEC.PNG|200px]]||Northern France||25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944||860th Bombardment Squadron<ref name=Maurer860BS/>
|-
|[[Image:Streamer EAMEC.PNG|200px]]||Rhineland||15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945||860th Bombardment Squadron<ref name=Maurer860BS/>
|-
|[[Image:Streamer EAMEC.PNG|200px]]||Ardennes-Alsace||16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945||860th Bombardment Squadron<ref name=Maurer860BS/>
|-
|[[Image:Streamer EAMEC.PNG|200px]]||Central Europe||22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945||860th Bombardment Squadron<ref name=Maurer860BS/>
|}

==See also==

* [[B-17 Flying Fortress units of the United States Army Air Forces]]
* [[B-24 Liberator units of the United States Army Air Forces]]
* [[List of B-47 units of the United States Air Force]]


===Aircraft flown===
* [[B-24 Liberator]], 1943–1944
* [[B-17 Flying Fortress]]. 1944-1945
== References==
== References==
{{portal|United States Air Force}}
{{portal|Military of the United States}}
{{portal|World War II}}
{{AFHRA}}
{{reflist}}
* Mauer, Mauer (1969), Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II, Air Force Historical Studies Office, Maxwell AFB, Alabama. ISBN: 0892010975


==External links==
===Notes===
{{reflist|40em}}
[[Category:Military units and formations of the United States in World War II]]

===Bibliography===
{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}
* {{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Capt. Barry|title= Army Air Forces Stations: A Guide to the Stations Where U.S. Army Air Forces Personnel Served in the United Kingdom During World War II|url=http://www.afhra.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-081010-027.pdf |year=1985|publisher=Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center|location=Maxwell AFB, AL|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160123155923/http://www.afhra.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-081010-027.pdf |archive-date=23 January 2016|access-date=28 June 2017}}
* {{cite book|last=Freeman|first = Roger A. |author-link1=Roger A. Freeman|title=The Mighty Eighth: Units, Men and Machines (A History of the US 8th Army Air Force)|year=1970 |publisher=Macdonald and Company|location=London, England, UK |isbn= 978-0-87938-638-2}}
* {{cite book|editor=Maurer, Maurer|title=Air Force Combat Units of World War II|orig-year= 1961|url= http://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/21/2001330256/-1/-1/0/AFD-100921-044.pdf|access-date= 17 December 2016|edition=reprint|year=1983|publisher= Office of Air Force History|location=Washington, DC|isbn=0-912799-02-1|lccn=61060979}}
* {{cite book|editor=Maurer, Maurer|title=Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II|orig-year=1969|url= http://media.defense.gov/2010/Dec/02/2001329899/-1/-1/0/AFD-101202-002.pdf |edition= reprint|access-date= 17 December 2016|year=1982|publisher=Office of Air Force History|location=Washington, DC|isbn=0-405-12194-6|oclc=72556|lccn=70605402}}
* {{cite book|last=Ravenstein|first=Charles A.|title=Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947-1977|url=https://archive.org/details/airforcecombatwi0000rave|access-date=17 December 2016|year=1984|publisher=Office of Air Force History|location=Washington, DC|isbn=0-912799-12-9|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|last=Schake|first=Col Kurt W.|title=Strategic Frontier: American Bomber Bases Overseas, 1950-1960|url= http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/ADA353633.pdf |access-date=27 July 2015|year=1998|publisher=Norwegian University of Science and Technology|location= Trondheim, Norway|isbn=978-8277650241}}

{{USAAF 8th Air Force UK}}
{{USAAF 2d Air Force World War II}}\

[[Category:Strategic bombing squadrons of the United States Army Air Forces]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1943]]

Latest revision as of 15:19, 9 February 2024

860th Bombardment Squadron
(later 967th Airborne Warning & Control Squadron)
493d Bombardment Group B-17 Flying Fortress Formation
Active1942-1945; 1959-1962
Country United States
Branch United States Air Force
RoleBombardment
Motto(s)Defensor Pacem (Latin for 'Defender of Peace') (1959-1962)
EngagementsEuropean Theater of Operations[1]
Insignia
660th Bombardment Squadron emblem (1959-1962)

The 860th Bombardment Squadron is a former United States Army Air Forces unit that was assigned to the 493d Bombardment Group during World War II. It was part of the last bombardment group to be assigned to Eighth Air Force. It flew combat missions until V-E Day, then returned to the United States for inactivation. In 1985, the squadron was consolidated with the 660th Bombardment Squadron, a Strategic Air Command unit that flew Boeing B-47 Stratojets during the Cold War. Although the two squadrons were consolidated as the 967th Airborne Warning and Control Squadron, they have never been active under that designation.

History

[edit]

World War II

[edit]

Initial activation and training in the United States

[edit]

The 860th Bombardment Squadron was first activated in September 1943 at McCook Army Air Field, Nebraska as one of the original four squadrons of the 493d Bombardment Group.[1][2] The formation of the squadron was delayed by an administrative error that caused some of the unit's cadre to report to Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona instead of McCook. It was not until January 1944 that all personnel were at McCook.[3] By this time, the squadron had transferred on paper to Elveden Hall, England. The ground personnel of the squadron in the United States had been used to form Boeing B-29 Superfortress units being activated by Second Air Force, while the air echelon remained in Nebraska to conduct training on their assigned Consolidated B-24 Liberators. Meanwhile, Eighth Air Force formed a new ground echelon for the squadron in England from other units assigned to the 3d Bombardment Division. This ground echelon moved to the squadron's combat station, RAF Debach, in April 1944. The squadron's air echelon departed for England via the northern ferry route on 1 May, while a small ground component left McCook and sailed from Boston, Massachusetts on the SS Brazil (1928) on 12 May 1944.[2][3]

Combat in Europe

[edit]
B-24s of the 493d Bomb Group at Debach

The squadron flew its first combat mission on D-Day, 6 June 1944. It continued to fly Liberators until 24 August 1944, when it was withdrawn from combat to convert to Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses, along with other units of the 93d Bombardment Wing, as Eighth Air Force concentrated all its Liberators in the 2d Bombardment Division. It resumed combat missions with the B-17 on 8 September 1944.[3] The squadron concentrated its attacks on military and industrial targets in Germany, attacking an ordnance depot in Magdeburg, factories near Frankfurt, and a synthetic oil manufacturing plant at Merseburg. It also attacked lines of communications, including a railroad tunnel at Ahrweiler, bridges at Irlich, and marshalling yards near Cologne.[2]

The squadron was occasionally diverted from the strategic bombing campaign to attack tactical targets. It supported Operation Overlord, the Normandy invasion, striking artillery batteries, airfields and bridges. It struck enemy ground forces south of Caen and during Operation Cobra, the breakout at St Lo. It bombed German fortifications to support Operation Market Garden, airborne attacks attempting to secure a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, and attacked communications during the Battle of the Bulge. Toward the end of the war, it also supported Operation Varsity, the airborne assault across the Rhine in Germany.[2]

The squadron flew its last combat mission against marshalling yards near Nauen on 20 April 1945, although it flew food-dropping missions in early May.[3] The squadron air echelon departed Debach on 30 June, while the ground echelon sailed for home aboard the RMS Queen Elizabeth on 6 August 1945. In late August, the squadron assembled at Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota, where it was inactivated on 28 August 1945.[1][2]

Strategic Air Command

[edit]
B-47s of Strategic Air Command

Starting in 1958, the Boeing B-47 Stratojet wings of Strategic Air Command (SAC) began to assume an alert posture at their home bases, reducing the amount of time spent on alert at overseas bases. The SAC alert cycle divided itself into four parts: planning, flying, alert and rest to meet General Thomas S. Power's initial goal of maintaining one third of SAC's planes on fifteen minute ground alert, fully fueled and ready for combat to reduce vulnerability to a Soviet missile strike.[4] To implement this new system, B-47 wings reorganized from three to four squadrons.[4][5] The 660th Bombardment Squadron was activated at Forbes Air Force Base, Kansas as the fourth squadron of the 40th Bombardment Wing.[6] The SAC alert commitment was increased to half the wing's aircraft in 1962 and the four squadron pattern no longer met the alert cycle commitment, so the squadron was inactivated on 1 January 1962.[5][6]

Consolidation

[edit]

In September 1985, the 860th Bombardment Squadron and the 660th Bombardment Squadron were consolidated as the 967th Airborne Warning and Control Squadron.[7]

Lineage

[edit]
860th Bombardment Squadron
  • Constituted as the 860th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 14 September 1943
Activated on 1 November 1943
Redesignated 860 Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 21 February 1944
Inactivated on 28 August 1945[8]
Consolidated with the 660th Bombardment Squadron as the 967th Airborne Warning and Control Squadron on 19 September 1985[7]
967th Airborne Warning and Control Squadron
  • Constituted in 1958 as the 660th Bombardment Squadron, Medium
Activated on 1 February 1959
Inactivated on 1 January 1962
  • Consolidated with the 860th Bombardment Squadron as the 967th Airborne Warning and Control Squadron on 15 September 1985[7]

Assignments

[edit]

Stations

[edit]
  • McCook Army Air Field, Nebraska, 1 November 1943 – 1 January 1944
  • Elveden Hall, England (Station 116),[9] England, 1 January 1944
  • RAF Debach (Station 152),[9] England, 17 April 1944 – 6 August 1945
  • Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota, c. 13–28 August 1945[10]
  • Forbes Air Force Base, Kansas, 1 February 1959 - 1 January 1962[11]

Aircraft

[edit]
  • Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1943–1944
  • Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 1944-1945[8]
  • Boeing B-47 Stratojet, 1959-1962[12]

Campaigns

[edit]
Campaign Streamer Campaign Dates Notes
Air Combat, EAME Theater 1 January 1944 – 11 May 1945 860th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Normandy 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 860th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Northern France 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 860th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Rhineland 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 860th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Ardennes-Alsace 16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945 860th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Central Europe 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 860th Bombardment Squadron[1]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 785
  2. ^ a b c d e Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 362-363
  3. ^ a b c d Freeman, p. 262
  4. ^ a b Schake, p. 220 (note 43)
  5. ^ a b "Abstract (Unclassified), History of the Strategic Bomber since 1945 (Top Secret, downgraded to Secret)". Air Force History Index. 1 April 1975. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
  6. ^ a b c Ravenstein, pp. 68-69
  7. ^ a b c Department of the Air Force/MPM Letter 662q, 19 Sep 85, Subject: Reconstitution, Redesignation, and Consolidation of Selected Air Force Tactical Squadrons
  8. ^ a b Lineage and aircraft through 1945 in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 785.
  9. ^ a b Station number in Anderson.
  10. ^ Station information through 1945 in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 785, except as noted.
  11. ^ See Ravenstein, pp. 68-69 (40th Bombardment Wing station).
  12. ^ See Ravenstein, pp. 68-69 (40th Bombardment Wing bomber aircraft).

Bibliography

[edit]

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

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