Jump to content

List of accountancy bodies: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
m Accounting standard-setting bodies: Improving links and other minor cleanup tasks
m added empty short discriptions to lists, added via a script
 
(38 intermediate revisions by 28 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|none}}
{{Refimprove|date=August 2017}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2017}}
This is a list of the various professional bodies and organisations that seek to provide regulation and oversight over individuals and firms operating in the [[accountancy]] industry.
This is a list of the various professional bodies and organisations that seek to provide regulation and oversight over individuals and firms operating in the accountancy industry.


==Accounting standard-setting bodies==
==Accounting standard-setting bodies==
Line 15: Line 16:
*Bhutan
*Bhutan
** [[Accounting and Auditing Standard Board of Bhutan]]
** [[Accounting and Auditing Standard Board of Bhutan]]

* Botswana
* Botswana
** Botswana Institute of Chartered Accountants
** [[Botswana Institute of Chartered Accountants]]

*[[Canada]]
*[[Canada]]
**[[Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants|CICA]]'s [[Accounting Standards Board (Canada)|Accounting Standards Board]] "AcSB"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acsbcanada.org|title=Welcome to the Financial Reporting & Assurance Standards Canada website - Financial Reporting and Assurance Standards Canada|website=Acsbcanada.org|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref>
**[[Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants|CICA]]'s [[Accounting Standards Board (Canada)|Accounting Standards Board]] "AcSB"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acsbcanada.org|title=Welcome to the Financial Reporting & Assurance Standards Canada website - Financial Reporting and Assurance Standards Canada|website=Acsbcanada.org|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref>
*France
*France
**[[Autorité des Normes Comptables]] ('''ANC''') (formerly the ''Conseil National de la Comptabilité'')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bercy.gouv.fr/directions_services/CNCompta/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-04-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504154546/http://www.bercy.gouv.fr/directions_services/CNCompta/ |archivedate=2009-05-04 |df= }} </ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anc.gouv.fr|title=Accueil|website=Anc.gouv.fr|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref>
**[[Autorité des Normes Comptables]] ('''ANC''') (formerly the ''Conseil National de la Comptabilité'')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bercy.gouv.fr/directions_services/CNCompta/ |title=MINEFE - Directions et services - le Conseil national de la comptabilité |accessdate=2010-04-22 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504154546/http://www.bercy.gouv.fr/directions_services/CNCompta/ |archivedate=2009-05-04 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anc.gouv.fr|title=Accueil|website=Anc.gouv.fr|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref>
*[[Germany]]
*[[Germany]]
**Accounting Standards Committee of Germany (ASCG, in German: DRSC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drsc.de/|title=DRSC – Deutsches Rechnungslegungs Standards Committee e.V.|website=DRSC e.V.|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref>
**Accounting Standards Committee of Germany (ASCG, in German: DRSC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drsc.de/|title=DRSC – Deutsches Rechnungslegungs Standards Committee e.V.|website=DRSC e.V.|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref>
*[[India]]
*[[India]]
**[[National Advisory Committee on Accounting Standards]] ([[NACAS]]) with the aide and advice of [[Institute of Chartered Accountants of India]] and [[Institute of Cost Accountants of India|Institute of Cost Accountants of India(ICAI)]]
**[[National Advisory Committee on Accounting Standards]] ([[NACAS]]) with the aide and advice of [[Institute of Chartered Accountants of India]] and [[Institute of Cost Accountants of India]]
Getting replaced soon by NFRA in the Company Bill 2012.
Getting replaced soon by NFRA in the Company Bill 2012.
*[[Iran]]
*[[Iran]]
**Accounting Standards Board<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apb.org.uk/asb/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-04-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928020646/http://www.apb.org.uk/asb/ |archivedate=2007-09-28 |df= }} </ref>
**Accounting Standards Board<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apb.org.uk/asb/ |title=Accounting Standards Board - Welcome |accessdate=2010-04-23 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928020646/http://www.apb.org.uk/asb/ |archivedate=2007-09-28 }}</ref>
*[[Malaysia]]
*[[Malaysia]]
**[[Malaysian Accounting Standards Board]]<ref>[http://www.masb.org.my] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604122405/http://www.masb.org.my/ |date=2008-06-04 }} </ref>
**[[Malaysian Accounting Standards Board]]<ref>[http://www.masb.org.my] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604122405/http://www.masb.org.my/|date=2008-06-04}}</ref>
*[[Malta]]
*[[Malta]]
**[[Maltese Accountancy Board]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfin.gov.mt/page.aspx?site=MFIN&page=ab |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-05-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070722085727/http://www.mfin.gov.mt/page.aspx?site=MFIN&page=ab |archivedate=2007-07-22 |df= }} </ref>
**[[Maltese Accountancy Board]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfin.gov.mt/page.aspx?site=MFIN&page=ab |title=Ministry of Finance - Accountancy Board |accessdate=2008-05-25 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070722085727/http://www.mfin.gov.mt/page.aspx?site=MFIN&page=ab |archivedate=2007-07-22 }}</ref>
*[[New Zealand]]
*[[New Zealand]]
**[[Accounting Standards Review Board]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asrb.co.nz|title=asrb.co.nz|website=Asrb.co.nz|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref>
**[[Accounting Standards Review Board]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asrb.co.nz|title=asrb.co.nz|website=Asrb.co.nz|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref>
*[[Nigeria]]
*[[Nigeria]]
**[[Institution of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria]]
**[[Institution of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria(ICAN)|Institution of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN)]]
**[[Association of National Accountants of Nigeria(ANAN)|Association of National Accountants of Nigeria (ANAN)]]
*[[Pakistan]]
*[[Pakistan]]
**[[The Institute of Certified General Accountants]](CGA-Pakistan)
**[[The Institute of Certified General Accountants]] (CGA-Pakistan)
*[[Philippines]]
Pakistan
**Financial Reporting Standards Council (FRSC)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ifrs.org/use-around-the-world/use-of-ifrs-standards-by-jurisdiction/philippines/#participant|title=IFRS - Philippines|last=|first=|date=|website=www.ifrs.org|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2018-11-23}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://boa.com.ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/IRR_cpa.pdf|title=Professional Regulatory Board of Accountancy - Republic Act 9298 Implementing Rules and Regulations|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
The Institute of Forensic Accountants of Pakistan
*[[Saudi Arabia]]
*[[Saudi Arabia]]
**[[Saudi Organization for Certified Public Accountants]] (SOCPA)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.socpa.org.sa/engl/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-11-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120910181628/http://www.socpa.org.sa/engl/ |archivedate=2012-09-10 |df= }} </ref>
**[[Saudi Organization for Certified Public Accountants]] (SOCPA)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.socpa.org.sa/engl/ |title=SOCPA |accessdate=2008-11-23 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120910181628/http://www.socpa.org.sa/engl/ |archivedate=2012-09-10 }}</ref>
*[[South Africa]]
*[[South Africa]]
**[[South African Institute of Chartered Accountants]] (SAICA)
**[[South African Institute of Chartered Accountants]] (SAICA)
**[[South African Institute of Professional Accountants]] (SAIPA)
*[[United Kingdom]] and [[Republic Ireland|Ireland]]
**[https://saiba.org.za/ Chartered Institute for Business Accountants] (CIBA)
*[[United Kingdom]] and [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
**[[Accounting Standards Board]]
**[[Accounting Standards Board]]
*[[United States]]
*[[United States]]
**[[National Association of State Boards of Accountancy|National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA)]]
**[[Financial Accounting Standards Board]] (FASB)
**[[Financial Accounting Standards Board]] (FASB)
**AICPA Accounting Principles Board (APB)
**AICPA Accounting Principles Board (APB)
Line 59: Line 62:


The primary bodies in each country are affiliated to the [[International Federation of Accountants]] while a few do not belong to IFAC as they operate more like specialist bodies helping the work of accountants and auditors such as the field of taxation, forensic auditing and systems auditing. These bodies include:
The primary bodies in each country are affiliated to the [[International Federation of Accountants]] while a few do not belong to IFAC as they operate more like specialist bodies helping the work of accountants and auditors such as the field of taxation, forensic auditing and systems auditing. These bodies include:
*[https://www.icpaglobal.org The Association of Certified Public Accountants] (ICPAGLOBAL)

*[https://www.icpaindia.org/ The Institute of Certified Public Accountants] (CPA India)
*[https://www.ictpi.in/ Institute of Chartered Tax Practitioners India] (ICTPI)
*[[Association of Chartered Certified Accountants]] (ACCA)
*[[American Institute of Certified Public Accountants]] (AICPA)
*[[American Institute of Certified Public Accountants]] (AICPA)
*[[Association of Accountancy Bodies in West Africa]] (ABWA)
*[[Association of Accountancy Bodies in West Africa]] (ABWA)
*[[Association of Accounting Technicians]] (AAT)
*[[Association of Accounting Technicians]] (AAT)
*[[Association of Chartered Certified Accountants]] (ACCA)
*[https://icagh.com/newsite/ Institute of Chartered Accountants Ghana (ICAG)]
*[[Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICPAK {{!}} Credibility {{!}} Professionalism {{!}} AccountAbility. The Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya (ICPAK) |url=https://www.icpak.com/ |access-date=2022-12-31 |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Association of International Accountants]] (AIA)
*[[Association of International Accountants]] (AIA)
*[[Association of National Accountants of Nigeria]] (ANAN)
*[[Association of National Accountants of Nigeria]] (ANAN)
*Botswana Institute of Chartered Accountants (BICA)
*Botswana Institute of Chartered Accountants (BICA)
*[[Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants]] (CICA)
*[[Certified General Accountants Association of Canada]] (CGA)
*[[Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand]] (CAANZ)
*[[Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand]] (CAANZ)
*[[Chartered Institute of Management Accountants]] (CIMA)
*[[Chartered Institute of Management Accountants]] (CIMA)
Line 78: Line 83:
*[[Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales]] (ICAEW)
*[[Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales]] (ICAEW)
*[[Institute of Certified Public Accountants in Ireland]] (CPA)
*[[Institute of Certified Public Accountants in Ireland]] (CPA)
*[[Institute of Chartered Accountants in Ireland]] (ICAI)
*[[Chartered Accountants Ireland]] (CAI)
*[[Institute of Cost Accountants of India]] (ICAI)
*[[Institute of Cost Accountants of India]] (ICMAI)
*[[Institute of Chartered Accountants of India]]
*[[Institute of Chartered Accountants of India]] (ICAI)
*[[Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of Bangladesh]] (ICMAB)
*[[Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of Bangladesh]] (ICMAB)
*[[Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria]] (ICAN)
*[[Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria]] (ICAN)
Line 92: Line 97:
*[[Institute of Management Accountants]] (IMA)
*[[Institute of Management Accountants]] (IMA)
*[[Institute of Public Accountants]] (IPA)
*[[Institute of Public Accountants]] (IPA)
*[[Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants]] (ISCA)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://corp.isca.org.sg/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-07-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716010231/http://corp.isca.org.sg/ |archivedate=2013-07-16 |df= }} </ref>
*[[Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants]] (ISCA)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://corp.isca.org.sg/ |title=Homepage - ISCA |accessdate=2013-07-19 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716010231/http://corp.isca.org.sg/ |archivedate=2013-07-16 }}</ref>
*[[Malaysian Institute of Accountants]]
*[[Malaysian Institute of Accountants]]
*[[Ordre des Experts Comptables de Tunisie]]<ref>[http://www.www.oect.org.tn] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526125126/http://www.oect.org.tn/ |date=2008-05-26 }}</ref>
*[[Ordre des Experts Comptables de Tunisie]]<ref>[http://www.www.oect.org.tn] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526125126/http://www.oect.org.tn/|date=2008-05-26}}</ref>
*[[Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants]]
*[[Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants]]
*[[South African Institute of Chartered Accountants]] (SAICA)
*[[South African Institute of Chartered Accountants]] (SAICA)
*[[South African Institute of Professional Accountants]] (SAIPA)
*[https://saiba.org.za/ Chartered Institute for Business Accountants<nowiki></nowiki>] (CIBA)
* United Arab Emirates Chartered Accountants (UAECA)
* The Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Indonesia (IAPI)


==Oversight boards==
==Oversight boards==
Line 107: Line 116:
**[[Haut Conseil du Commissariat aux Comptes]] (HCCC)
**[[Haut Conseil du Commissariat aux Comptes]] (HCCC)
*[[Germany]]
*[[Germany]]
**German Auditor Oversight Commission (in German: APAK)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060714183811/http://www.apak-aoc.de/] </ref>
**German Auditor Oversight Commission (in German: APAK)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apak-aoc.de/ |title=Apak - Aoc |website=www.apak-aoc.de |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060714183811/http://www.apak-aoc.de/ |archive-date=14 July 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Ireland]]
*[[Ireland]]
**[[Irish Auditing and Accounting Supervisory Authority]]
**[[Irish Auditing and Accounting Supervisory Authority]]
Line 118: Line 127:
Pronouncements by the [[International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board]] ('''IAASB''') govern [[audit]], [[review]] and other [[assurance services]] conducted in accordance with international standards.<ref>{{cite web | title = Preface to International Standards on Auditing | year = 2006 | url = http://www.ifac.org/Members/Source_Files/Auditing_Related_Services/2007_Handbook/2007_A040_IAASB_Preface.pdf | accessdate = 2008-05-24}}</ref> Most countries that have adopted the [[International Standards on Auditing]] ('''ISAs''') still retain the national [[auditing standards]] setting body to enact the international standards in their country.
Pronouncements by the [[International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board]] ('''IAASB''') govern [[audit]], [[review]] and other [[assurance services]] conducted in accordance with international standards.<ref>{{cite web | title = Preface to International Standards on Auditing | year = 2006 | url = http://www.ifac.org/Members/Source_Files/Auditing_Related_Services/2007_Handbook/2007_A040_IAASB_Preface.pdf | accessdate = 2008-05-24}}</ref> Most countries that have adopted the [[International Standards on Auditing]] ('''ISAs''') still retain the national [[auditing standards]] setting body to enact the international standards in their country.


*[[International]]
*International
**[[International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifac.org/IAASB|title=Auditing & Assurance - IFAC|website=Ifac.org|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref> ('''IAASB''') of the [[International Federation of Accountants]] ('''IFAC''').
**[[International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifac.org/IAASB|title=Auditing & Assurance - IFAC|website=Ifac.org|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref> ('''IAASB''') of the [[International Federation of Accountants]] ('''IFAC''').
**Forensic Auditors Certification Board (FACB)<ref>[http://www.facb.org.uk] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314223407/http://www.facb.org.uk/ |date=2016-03-14 }}</ref>
**Forensic Auditors Certification Board (FACB)<ref>[http://www.facb.org.uk] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314223407/http://www.facb.org.uk/|date=2016-03-14}}</ref>
**[[INTOSAI]] for [[Government auditing]] by [[Supreme Audit Institution]]s ('''SAI''')
**[[INTOSAI]] for [[Government auditing]] by [[Supreme Audit Institution]]s ('''SAI''')
*[[Australia]]
*[[Australia]]
Line 129: Line 138:
**Compagnie nationale des commissaires aux comptes (CNCC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cncc.fr/|title=CNCC - Compagnie Nationale des Commissaires aux Comptes|website=Cncc.fr|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref>
**Compagnie nationale des commissaires aux comptes (CNCC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cncc.fr/|title=CNCC - Compagnie Nationale des Commissaires aux Comptes|website=Cncc.fr|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref>
**[[Ordre des Experts-Comptables]] (OEC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.experts-comptables.fr/|title=Ordre des Experts-Comptables - Conseil supérieur de l'Ordre des experts-comptables|website=Experts-comptables.fr|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref>
**[[Ordre des Experts-Comptables]] (OEC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.experts-comptables.fr/|title=Ordre des Experts-Comptables - Conseil supérieur de l'Ordre des experts-comptables|website=Experts-comptables.fr|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref>
**[[Institut Francais des Auditeurs et Controleurs Internes]] ('''IFACI''')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifaci.com/|title=Ifaci -|first=|last=illisite|website=Ifaci.com|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref> (Unregulated [[Internal Auditing]] Guidelines)
**[[Institut Francais des Auditeurs et Controleurs Internes]] ('''IFACI''')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifaci.com/|title=Ifaci -|last=illisite|website=Ifaci.com|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref> (Unregulated [[Internal Auditing]] Guidelines)
*[[Hong Kong]]
*[[Hong Kong]]
**[[Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants]]
**[[Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants]]
*[[India]]
*[[India]]
National accounting standard setting board.NACAS.
National accounting standard setting board. NACAS.
*[[Malaysia]]
*[[Malaysia]]
**[[Malaysian Institute of Accountants]]
**[[Malaysian Institute of Accountants]]
*[[Nepal]]
*[[Nepal]]
**[[Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nepal]]
**[[Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nepal]]
*[[Philippines]]
**Auditing and Assurance Standards Council (AASC)<ref name=":0" />
*[[South Africa]]
*[[South Africa]]
**[[Public Accountants and Auditors Board]]
**[[Public Accountants and Auditors Board]]

Latest revision as of 18:36, 9 February 2024

This is a list of the various professional bodies and organisations that seek to provide regulation and oversight over individuals and firms operating in the accountancy industry.

Accounting standard-setting bodies

[edit]

Accounting standard setting bodies are national or international organisations that have been delegated responsibility for setting Generally Accepted Accounting Principles by statute in a country or jurisdiction.

Getting replaced soon by NFRA in the Company Bill 2012.

Professional bodies

[edit]

Professional bodies represent the interests of their members by lobbying governments, and provide the framework for self-regulation where this is permitted by statute. Professional bodies are also responsible for administering training and examinations for students and members.

The primary bodies in each country are affiliated to the International Federation of Accountants while a few do not belong to IFAC as they operate more like specialist bodies helping the work of accountants and auditors such as the field of taxation, forensic auditing and systems auditing. These bodies include:

Oversight boards

[edit]

Following the Enron scandal some countries removed or limited auditors' rights to self-regulation and set up independent, not-for-profit organisations to regulate the conduct of auditors. (In the EU it is compulsory to have a dedicated supervisory authority, cf. 8th European Directive).

Auditing standards-setting bodies

[edit]

Pronouncements by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) govern audit, review and other assurance services conducted in accordance with international standards.[18] Most countries that have adopted the International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) still retain the national auditing standards setting body to enact the international standards in their country.

National accounting standard setting board. NACAS.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Welcome to the Financial Reporting & Assurance Standards Canada website - Financial Reporting and Assurance Standards Canada". Acsbcanada.org. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  2. ^ "MINEFE - Directions et services - le Conseil national de la comptabilité". Archived from the original on 2009-05-04. Retrieved 2010-04-22.
  3. ^ "Accueil". Anc.gouv.fr. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  4. ^ "DRSC – Deutsches Rechnungslegungs Standards Committee e.V." DRSC e.V. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  5. ^ "Accounting Standards Board - Welcome". Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2010-04-23.
  6. ^ [1] Archived 2008-06-04 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "Ministry of Finance - Accountancy Board". Archived from the original on 2007-07-22. Retrieved 2008-05-25.
  8. ^ "asrb.co.nz". Asrb.co.nz. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  9. ^ "IFRS - Philippines". www.ifrs.org. Retrieved 2018-11-23.
  10. ^ a b "Professional Regulatory Board of Accountancy - Republic Act 9298 Implementing Rules and Regulations" (PDF).
  11. ^ "SOCPA". Archived from the original on 2012-09-10. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
  12. ^ "ICPAK | Credibility | Professionalism | AccountAbility. The Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya (ICPAK)". Retrieved 2022-12-31.
  13. ^ "The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan". Icap.org.pk. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  14. ^ "Welcome to Institute of Cost and Management : ICMAP". ICMA Pakistan. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  15. ^ "Homepage - ISCA". Archived from the original on 2013-07-16. Retrieved 2013-07-19.
  16. ^ [2] Archived 2008-05-26 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ "Apak - Aoc". www.apak-aoc.de. Archived from the original on 14 July 2006. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  18. ^ "Preface to International Standards on Auditing" (PDF). 2006. Retrieved 2008-05-24.
  19. ^ "Auditing & Assurance - IFAC". Ifac.org. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  20. ^ [3] Archived 2016-03-14 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ "CNCC - Compagnie Nationale des Commissaires aux Comptes". Cncc.fr. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  22. ^ "Ordre des Experts-Comptables - Conseil supérieur de l'Ordre des experts-comptables". Experts-comptables.fr. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  23. ^ illisite. "Ifaci -". Ifaci.com. Retrieved 20 August 2017.