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{{Infobox Weapon
{{Infobox weapon
|name= 8"/35 caliber Mark 3 & 4 / 8"/40 caliber Mark 5 Naval Gun
|name=8"/35 caliber Mark 3 & 4 / 8"/40 caliber Mark 5 Naval Gun
|image=8inch 35 mk3 USS Indiana.jpg
|image=8 inch 35 caliber Mark 4 USS Indiana.jpg
|caption= Crewmen standing atop {{USS|Indiana|BB-1|6}} forward port side 8-inch gun turret, circa the later 1890s.
|caption=Crewmen standing atop {{USS|Indiana|BB-1|6}} forward port side 8-inch gun turret, circa the later 1890s.
|origin={{flag|United States|1883}}
|origin=United States
|type= [[Naval gun]]
|type=[[Naval gun]]
<!-- Type selection -->
<!-- Type selection -->
|is_ranged=YES
|is_ranged=YES
Line 12: Line 12:
|is_vehicle=
|is_vehicle=
<!-- Service history -->
<!-- Service history -->
|service=*Mark 3: 1889
|service=
* Mark 3: 1890
*Mark 5: 1894
* Mark 5: 1894
|used_by={{Flag|United States Navy}}
|used_by={{Flag|United States Navy}}
|wars=
|wars=* [[Spanish-American War]]
* [[Spanish–American War]]
* [[World War I]]
* [[World War I]]
<!-- Production history -->
<!-- Production history -->
|designer=[[Bureau of Ordnance]]
|designer=[[Bureau of Ordnance]]
|design_date=1890
|design_date=1889
|manufacturer=[[Washington Navy Yard|U.S. Naval Gun Factory]]
|manufacturer=[[Washington Navy Yard|U.S. Naval Gun Factory]]
|production_date=
|production_date=
|number=
|number=
|variants=Mark 3, Mark 4 and Mark 5
*Mark 3: 19 (Nos. 9–21, 33–37, and 51)
*Mark 4: 56 (Nos. 22–32, 38–50, and 52–83)
*Mark 5: 24 (Nos. 84–107)
|variants=Marks 3–5
<!-- General specifications -->
<!-- General specifications -->
|weight=
|weight=Mark 3 {{convert|29,400|lb|kg|abbr=on}}
|length=*'''Marks 3 & 4''': {{convert|299|in|m|abbr=on}}
*'''Mark 3''': {{cvt|29400|lb}} (without breech)
*'''Mark 5''': {{convert|343|in|m|abbr=on}}
*'''Mark 5''': {{cvt|40151|lb}} (without breech)
*'''Mark 5''': {{cvt|40621|lb}} (with breech)
⚫
|part_length=*'''Marks 3 & 4''': {{convert|280|in|m|abbr=on}} bore (35 [[Caliber#Caliber_as_measurement_of_length|calibers]])
|length=
⚫
*'''Mark 5''': {{convert|320|in|m|abbr=on}} bore (30 calibers)
*'''Marks 3 & 4''': {{cvt|25|ft|4.5|in|m|2}}
*'''Mark 5''': {{cvt|28|ft|7|in|m|2}}
|part_length=
⚫
*'''Marks 3 & 4''': {{cvt|24|ft|7|in|m|2}} bore (35 [[Caliber#Caliber as measurement of length|calibers]])
⚫
*'''Mark 5''': {{cvt|27|ft|10|in|m|2}} bore (40 calibers)
|width=
|width=
|height=
|height=
|crew=
|crew=
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
|cartridge={{convert|260|lb|kg|abbr=on}} [[Armour-piercing shot and shell|A.P.]]
|cartridge={{cvt|260|lb}} [[Armour-piercing shell|armor-piercing]]
|caliber={{convert|8|in|mm|sigfig=3}}
|caliber={{cvt|8|in|mm|sigfig=3}}
|action=
|action=
|rate= *1890s: 0.5 to 0.8 rounds per minute
|rate=
* 1890s: 0.5 – 0.8 rounds per minute
*1900s: 2 - 2.8 rounds per minute
* 1900s: 2 – 2.8 rounds per minute
|velocity=
|velocity=*'''8"/35''': {{convert|2,100|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}}
*'''8"/40''': {{convert|2,000|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}}
*'''Marks 3 & 4''': {{cvt|2100|ft/s}}
*'''Mark 5''': {{cvt|2500|ft/s}}
|range='''8"/35''': {{convert|16,000|yd|m|0|adj=on}} at 20.1° elevation
|range='''Marks 3 & 4''': {{cvt|16000|yd|0}} at 20.1° elevation
|max_range=
|max_range=
|feed=
|feed=
Line 49: Line 61:
|recoil=
|recoil=
|carriage=
|carriage=
|elevation=*'''Marks 3 and 4''':-5° to +20°
|elevation=
* '''Marks 3 and 4''': -5° to +20°
*'''Marks 5 and 6''':-4° to +13°
* '''Marks 5 and 6''': −4° to +13°
*'''Marks 7, 8, and 9''':-7° to +14°
* '''Marks 7, 8, and 9''': −7° to +14°
|traverse=*'''Bow and Stern Mountings''':-150° to +150°
|traverse=
* '''Bow and Stern Mountings''': −150° to +150°
*'''''New York'' Amidships Mountings''':140°
* '''''New York'' Amidships Mountings''': 140°
*'''''Brooklyn'' Amidships Mountings''':140°
* '''''Brooklyn'' Amidships Mountings''': 140°
}}
}}


The '''8"/35 caliber gun''' (spoken "eight-inch-thirty-five--caliber") were used for the primary batteries of the [[United States Navy]]'s first [[armored cruiser]]s and the secondary batteries for their first [[battleship]]s.<ref name="navweaps">{{cite web | url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_8-35_mk3.htm| title=United States of America 8"/35 (20.3 cm) Marks 3 and 4 8"/40 (20.3 cm) Mark 5 | publisher=Navweaps | date=11 May 2015 | accessdate=9 November 2015}}</ref>
The '''8"/35 caliber gun Mark 3 and Mark 4''' (spoken "eight-inch-thirty-five--caliber") were used for the main batteries of the [[United States Navy]]'s first [[armored cruiser]]s and the secondary batteries for their first [[battleship]]s, the {{sclass|Indiana|battleship|0}}. The '''8"/40 caliber gun Mark 5''' initially armed the {{sclass|Pennsylvania|cruiser|0}} armored cruisers.{{sfn|Navweaps|2016}}


==Mark 3==
==Mark 3==
The Mark 3 Experimental was a 30 [[Caliber (artillery)|caliber]] gun that used [[trunnion]]s and had 11 [[Hoop gun|hoops]] with the outer hoop starting {{convert|4|in|mm|abbr=on}} from the breech and running out to the muzzle. The production Mark 3 Mod 0 was a trunnioned 35 caliber gun that had 11 hoops with the outer hoop starting {{convert|4|in|mm|abbr=on}} from the breech and running out to {{convert|43.5|in|cm|abbr=on}} from the muzzle. This gun was removed from service prior to World War I. The Mark 3 Mod 1 was constructed of [[Built-up gun|tube]], jacket and eight hoops while Mod 2 was identical to Mod 1 but with different steps under the chase hoops. Mod 3 was for one gun lengthened to 40 calibers and was removed from service prior to the start of World War I. Mod 4 was for one gun with minor changes from Mod 3. Mod 5 had the trunnions removed and the outer jacket threaded to accept a sleeve.<ref name="navweaps" />
The Mark 3 Experimental was a 30 [[Caliber (artillery)|caliber]] gun that used [[trunnion]]s and had 11 [[Hoop gun|hoops]] with the outer hoop starting {{cvt|4|in}} from the [[Breech-loading weapon|breech]] and running out to the muzzle. The Mark 3s consisted of gun Nos. 9 – 27, 33 – 37, and 51. The production Mark 3 Mod 0 had removable trunnions, {{cvt|96|-|97|in}} from the breech, 35 caliber gun that had 11 hoops with the outer hoop starting 4 inches from the breech and running out to {{cvt|43.5|in}} from the muzzle. This gun was removed from service prior to World War I. The Mark 3 Mod 1 was constructed of [[Built-up gun|tube]], jacket and eight hoops while Mod 2 was identical to Mod 1 but with different steps under the chase hoops. Mod 3 was, for one gun, lengthened to 40 calibers and was removed from service prior to the start of World War I. Mod 4 was, also for one gun only, different from other Mods in having a ring shrunk onto the breech end, tapering the breech, and with a small balancing hoop screwed onto the front chase hoop. Mod 5 had the trunnions removed and the outer jacket threaded to accept a sleeve. Mod 6, gun Nos. 52 and 82 – 83, were constructed of [[nickel-steel]] in a simplified three-piece construction.{{sfn|Navweaps|2016}}{{sfn|Friedman|2011|p=173}}


==Mark 4==
==Mark 4==
The original Mark 4 guns were identical to Mark 3 Mod 1 guns with the trunnion hoop and elevating band removed and with the threads formerly under the trunnion hoop being continued to the rear of the gun. This allowed these guns to be screwed into the sleeve of a two-gun turret mount. Mark 4 Mod 1 was one Mark 4 gun shortened by {{convert|0.66|in|cm|abbr=on}} in rear of the threads. Mods 2 through 9 were for minor differences primarily for testing different mounting techniques. Mod 10 was for one gun cut down to 23 calibers and used for experimental work with high-explosive shells.<ref name="navweaps" />
The Mark 4s were Nos. 22 – 32, 38 – 50, and 52 – 83. The original Mark 4 Mod 0 guns were identical to Mark 3 Mod 1 guns with the trunnion hoop and elevating band removed and with the threads formerly under the trunnion hoop being continued to the rear of the gun. This allowed these guns to be screwed into the sleeve of a two-gun turret mount. Mark 4 Mod 1 was one Mark 4 gun, No. 27, shortened by {{cvt|0.66|in}} in rear of the threads. Mods 2 through 9 were for minor differences primarily for testing different mounting techniques. Mod 10 was for one gun cut down to 23 calibers and used for experimental work with high-explosive shells. Mod 11 was a Mod 4 gun, No. 72, with an [[alloy steel]] liner, uniformed rifling and modified chamber.{{sfn|Navweaps|2016}}{{sfn|Friedman|2011|p=173}}


==Mark 5==
==Mark 5==
Mark 5 was a new 40 caliber design intended for armored cruisers and battleship secondaries and constructed of tube, jacket, three hoops and one locking ring. This gun had a muzzle bell. Unfortunately, the Mark 5 proved to be unable to handle the transition from black powder to nitrocellulose propellants as the new propellant burned more slowly, which allowed pressure to build up to unsafe levels as the projectile traveled down the bore. This problem was illustrated when {{USS|Colorado|ACR-7|2}} blew off the muzzle of one of her 8"/40 (20.3 cm) guns during gunnery practice off [[Yantai|Chefoo]], [[Shantung]], on 22 June 1907. All Mark 5 guns were subsequently removed from service, lengthened to 45 calibers by adding a new liner and rehooped to the muzzle, redesignated as Mod 1 and then placed into reserve. Two of these Mod 1 guns were given a slightly different breech mechanism and gas seat and then designated as Mod 2. {{sclass-|Pennsylvania|cruiser|0}} were subsequently rearmed with the stronger [[8"/45 caliber gun|{{convert|8|in|mm|sigfig=3}}/45]] Mark 6 guns.<ref name="navweaps" />
The Mark 5, Nos. 84 – 107, was a new 40 caliber design intended for armored cruisers and battleship secondaries and constructed of tube, jacket, three hoops and one locking ring. This gun had a muzzle bell. Unfortunately, the Mark 5 proved to be unable to handle the transition from black powder to nitrocellulose propellants as the new propellant burned more slowly, which allowed pressure to build up to unsafe levels as the projectile traveled down the bore. This problem was illustrated when {{USS|Colorado|ACR-7|2}} blew off the muzzle of one of her Mark 5 guns during gunnery practice off [[Yantai]], [[Shandong]], on 22 June 1907. All Mark 5 guns were subsequently removed from service by 1908, lengthened to 45 calibers by adding a new liner and rehooped to the muzzle, redesignated as Mod 1 and then placed into reserve. Two of these Mod 1 guns were given a slightly different breech mechanism and gas seat and then designated as Mod 2. ''Pennsylvania''-class cruisers were subsequently rearmed with the stronger [[8"/45 caliber gun|8-in/45 caliber]] Mark 6 guns.{{sfn|Navweaps|2016}}{{sfn|Friedman|2011|p=173}}




==Naval Service==
==Naval Service==
Line 75: Line 87:
!Gun Installed
!Gun Installed
!Gun Mount
!Gun Mount
|-
|{{USS|Chicago|1885}}
|Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber (Nos. 69 – 72) refit 8"/30s in 1899
|Mark 2: 4 × Single "Half-turret"
|-
|-
|{{USS|New York|ACR-2}}
|{{USS|New York|ACR-2}}
|Mark 3 and Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber
|Mark 3: 8"/35 caliber (Nos. 16 – 21)
|Mark 3 and Mark 4: 2 × Single center-pivots; Mark 5: 2 × Twin Turrets
|Mark 3 and Mark 4: 2 × Single center-pivots; Mark 5: 2 × Twin Turrets
|-
|-
|{{USS|Brooklyn|ACR-3}}
|{{USS|Brooklyn|ACR-3}}
|Mark 3 and Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber
|Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber (Nos. 53 – 60)
|Mark 8: 4 × Twin Turrets
|Mark 8: 4 × Twin Turrets
|-
|-
Line 87: Line 103:
|{{USS|Pennsylvania|ACR-4}}
|{{USS|Pennsylvania|ACR-4}}
|Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber
|Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber
|2 × Twin Turrets
|Mark 12: 2 × Twin Turrets
|-
|-
|{{USS|West Virginia|ACR-5}}
|{{USS|West Virginia|ACR-5}}
|Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber
|Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber
|2 × Twin Turrets
|Mark 12: 2 × Twin Turrets
|-
|-
|{{USS|California|ACR-6}}
|{{USS|California|ACR-6}}
|Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber
|Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber
|2 × Twin Turrets
|Mark 12: 2 × Twin Turrets
|-
|-
|{{USS|Colorado|ACR-7}}
|{{USS|Colorado|ACR-7}}
|Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber
|Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber
|2 × Twin Turrets
|Mark 12: 2 × Twin Turrets
|-
|-
|{{USS|Maryland|ACR-8}}
|{{USS|Maryland|ACR-8}}
|Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber
|Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber
|2 × Twin Turrets
|Mark 12: 2 × Twin Turrets
|-
|-
|{{USS|South Dakota|ACR-9}}
|{{USS|South Dakota|ACR-9}}
|Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber
|Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber
|2 × Twin Turrets
|Mark 12: 2 × Twin Turrets
|-
|-
|{{USS|Charleston|C-2}}
|{{USS|Charleston|C-2}}
|Mark 3 and Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber
|Mark 3: 8"/35 caliber (Nos. 13 and 14)
|Mark 3 and Mark 4: 2 × Single center-pivots
|Mark 3 and Mark 4: 2 × Single center-pivots
|-
|-
Line 118: Line 134:
|-
|-
|{{USS|Olympia|C-6}}
|{{USS|Olympia|C-6}}
|Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber
|Mark 3: 8"/35 caliber (Nos. 34 – 37)
|Mark 6: 2 × Twin Turrets
|Mark 6: 2 × Twin Turrets
|-
|{{USS|Columbia|C-12}}
|Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber (No. 33)
|Mark 3 or Mark 4: 1 × Single center-pivot
|-
|{{USS|Minneapolis|C-13}}
|Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber (No. 51)
|Mark 3 or Mark 4: 1 × Single center-pivot
|-
|-
|{{USS|Indiana|BB-1}}
|{{USS|Indiana|BB-1}}
|Mark 3 and Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber
|Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber (Nos. 81 and 82 in 1906)
|Mark 7: 4 × Twin Turrets
|Mark 7: 4 × Twin Turrets
|-
|-
|{{USS|Massachusetts|BB-2}}
|{{USS|Massachusetts|BB-2}}
|Mark 3 and Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber
|Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber
|Mark 7: 4 × Twin Turrets
|Mark 7: 4 × Twin Turrets
|-
|-
|{{USS|Oregon|BB-3}}
|{{USS|Oregon|BB-3}}
|Mark 3 and Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber
|Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber
|Mark 7: 4 × Twin Turrets
|Mark 7: 4 × Twin Turrets
|-
|-
|{{USS|Iowa|BB-4}}
|{{USS|Iowa|BB-4}}
|Mark 3 and Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber
|Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber (Nos. 61 – 68) (No. 83 in 1908)
|Mark 7: 4 × Twin Turrets
|Mark 7: 4 × Twin Turrets
|-
|-
|{{USS|Kearsarge|BB-5}}
|{{USS|Kearsarge|BB-5}}
|Mark 3 and Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber
|Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber
|Mark 9 (superimposed turret): 2 × Dual-Caliber Turret
|Mark 9 (superimposed turret): 2 × Dual-Caliber Turret
|-
|-
|{{USS|Kentucky|BB-6}}
|{{USS|Kentucky|BB-6}}
|Mark 3 and Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber
|Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber
|Mark 9 (superimposed turret): 2 × Dual-Caliber Turret
|Mark 9 (superimposed turret): 2 × Dual-Caliber Turret
|}
|}


==See also==
* [[8-inch gun M1888]] - Army gun of similar type and era


==Notes==

⚫
{{Reflist|2}}


==References==
==References==

⚫
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book
| last=Friedman
| first=Norman
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yh3OAwAAQBAJ
| title=Naval Weapons of World War One
| publisher=Seaforth Publishing
| author-link=Norman Friedman
| year=2011
| pages=173
| isbn=978-1-84832-100-7
}}
* {{cite web
|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_8-35_mk3.php
|title=United States of America 8"/35 (20.3 cm) Marks 3 and 4 8"/40 (20.3 cm) Mark 5
|publisher=Navweaps
|date=29 July 2016
|access-date=15 October 2016
|ref={{sfnRef|Navweaps|2016}}
}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.gwpda.org/naval/usn14gun.htm Bluejackets Manual, 1917, 4th revision: US Navy 14-inch Mark 1 gun]
{{Commons category|8"/35 caliber gun}}


{{WWIUSNavalWeapons}}


{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:8 35 Caliber Mark 3 & 4 Gun}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:8 35 Caliber Mark 3 and 4 Gun}}
[[Category:Naval guns of the United States]]
[[Category:Naval guns of the United States]]
[[Category:203 mm artillery]]
[[Category:203 mm artillery]]

Latest revision as of 12:07, 11 February 2024

8"/35 caliber Mark 3 & 4 / 8"/40 caliber Mark 5 Naval Gun
Crewmen standing atop USS Indiana forward port side 8-inch gun turret, circa the later 1890s.
TypeNaval gun
Place of originUnited States
Service history
In service
  • Mark 3: 1890
  • Mark 5: 1894
Used by United States Navy
Wars
Production history
DesignerBureau of Ordnance
Designed1889
ManufacturerU.S. Naval Gun Factory
No. built
  • Mark 3: 19 (Nos. 9–21, 33–37, and 51)
  • Mark 4: 56 (Nos. 22–32, 38–50, and 52–83)
  • Mark 5: 24 (Nos. 84–107)
VariantsMarks 3–5
Specifications
Mass
  • Mark 3: 29,400 lb (13,300 kg) (without breech)
  • Mark 5: 40,151 lb (18,212 kg) (without breech)
  • Mark 5: 40,621 lb (18,425 kg) (with breech)
Length
  • Marks 3 & 4: 25 ft 4.5 in (7.73 m)
  • Mark 5: 28 ft 7 in (8.71 m)
Barrel length
  • Marks 3 & 4: 24 ft 7 in (7.49 m) bore (35 calibers)
  • Mark 5: 27 ft 10 in (8.48 m) bore (40 calibers)
Shell260 lb (120 kg) armor-piercing
Caliber8 in (203 mm)
Elevation
  • Marks 3 and 4: -5° to +20°
  • Marks 5 and 6: −4° to +13°
  • Marks 7, 8, and 9: −7° to +14°
Traverse
  • Bow and Stern Mountings: −150° to +150°
  • New York Amidships Mountings: 140°
  • Brooklyn Amidships Mountings: 140°
Rate of fire
  • 1890s: 0.5 – 0.8 rounds per minute
  • 1900s: 2 – 2.8 rounds per minute
Muzzle velocity
  • Marks 3 & 4: 2,100 ft/s (640 m/s)
  • Mark 5: 2,500 ft/s (760 m/s)
Effective firing rangeMarks 3 & 4: 16,000 yd (14,630 m) at 20.1° elevation

The 8"/35 caliber gun Mark 3 and Mark 4 (spoken "eight-inch-thirty-five--caliber") were used for the main batteries of the United States Navy's first armored cruisers and the secondary batteries for their first battleships, the Indiana-class. The 8"/40 caliber gun Mark 5 initially armed the Pennsylvania-class armored cruisers.[1]

Mark 3

[edit]

The Mark 3 Experimental was a 30 caliber gun that used trunnions and had 11 hoops with the outer hoop starting 4 in (100 mm) from the breech and running out to the muzzle. The Mark 3s consisted of gun Nos. 9 – 27, 33 – 37, and 51. The production Mark 3 Mod 0 had removable trunnions, 96–97 in (2,400–2,500 mm) from the breech, 35 caliber gun that had 11 hoops with the outer hoop starting 4 inches from the breech and running out to 43.5 in (1,100 mm) from the muzzle. This gun was removed from service prior to World War I. The Mark 3 Mod 1 was constructed of tube, jacket and eight hoops while Mod 2 was identical to Mod 1 but with different steps under the chase hoops. Mod 3 was, for one gun, lengthened to 40 calibers and was removed from service prior to the start of World War I. Mod 4 was, also for one gun only, different from other Mods in having a ring shrunk onto the breech end, tapering the breech, and with a small balancing hoop screwed onto the front chase hoop. Mod 5 had the trunnions removed and the outer jacket threaded to accept a sleeve. Mod 6, gun Nos. 52 and 82 – 83, were constructed of nickel-steel in a simplified three-piece construction.[1][2]

Mark 4

[edit]

The Mark 4s were Nos. 22 – 32, 38 – 50, and 52 – 83. The original Mark 4 Mod 0 guns were identical to Mark 3 Mod 1 guns with the trunnion hoop and elevating band removed and with the threads formerly under the trunnion hoop being continued to the rear of the gun. This allowed these guns to be screwed into the sleeve of a two-gun turret mount. Mark 4 Mod 1 was one Mark 4 gun, No. 27, shortened by 0.66 in (17 mm) in rear of the threads. Mods 2 through 9 were for minor differences primarily for testing different mounting techniques. Mod 10 was for one gun cut down to 23 calibers and used for experimental work with high-explosive shells. Mod 11 was a Mod 4 gun, No. 72, with an alloy steel liner, uniformed rifling and modified chamber.[1][2]

Mark 5

[edit]

The Mark 5, Nos. 84 – 107, was a new 40 caliber design intended for armored cruisers and battleship secondaries and constructed of tube, jacket, three hoops and one locking ring. This gun had a muzzle bell. Unfortunately, the Mark 5 proved to be unable to handle the transition from black powder to nitrocellulose propellants as the new propellant burned more slowly, which allowed pressure to build up to unsafe levels as the projectile traveled down the bore. This problem was illustrated when Colorado blew off the muzzle of one of her Mark 5 guns during gunnery practice off Yantai, Shandong, on 22 June 1907. All Mark 5 guns were subsequently removed from service by 1908, lengthened to 45 calibers by adding a new liner and rehooped to the muzzle, redesignated as Mod 1 and then placed into reserve. Two of these Mod 1 guns were given a slightly different breech mechanism and gas seat and then designated as Mod 2. Pennsylvania-class cruisers were subsequently rearmed with the stronger 8-in/45 caliber Mark 6 guns.[1][2]

[edit]
Ship Gun Installed Gun Mount
USS Chicago (1885) Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber (Nos. 69 – 72) refit 8"/30s in 1899 Mark 2: 4 × Single "Half-turret"
USS New York (ACR-2) Mark 3: 8"/35 caliber (Nos. 16 – 21) Mark 3 and Mark 4: 2 × Single center-pivots; Mark 5: 2 × Twin Turrets
USS Brooklyn (ACR-3) Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber (Nos. 53 – 60) Mark 8: 4 × Twin Turrets
USS Pennsylvania (ACR-4) Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber Mark 12: 2 × Twin Turrets
USS West Virginia (ACR-5) Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber Mark 12: 2 × Twin Turrets
USS California (ACR-6) Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber Mark 12: 2 × Twin Turrets
USS Colorado (ACR-7) Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber Mark 12: 2 × Twin Turrets
USS Maryland (ACR-8) Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber Mark 12: 2 × Twin Turrets
USS South Dakota (ACR-9) Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber Mark 12: 2 × Twin Turrets
USS Charleston (C-2) Mark 3: 8"/35 caliber (Nos. 13 and 14) Mark 3 and Mark 4: 2 × Single center-pivots
USS Baltimore (C-3) Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber Mark 3 and Mark 4: 4 × Single center-pivots
USS Olympia (C-6) Mark 3: 8"/35 caliber (Nos. 34 – 37) Mark 6: 2 × Twin Turrets
USS Columbia (C-12) Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber (No. 33) Mark 3 or Mark 4: 1 × Single center-pivot
USS Minneapolis (C-13) Mark 5: 8"/40 caliber (No. 51) Mark 3 or Mark 4: 1 × Single center-pivot
USS Indiana (BB-1) Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber (Nos. 81 and 82 in 1906) Mark 7: 4 × Twin Turrets
USS Massachusetts (BB-2) Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber Mark 7: 4 × Twin Turrets
USS Oregon (BB-3) Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber Mark 7: 4 × Twin Turrets
USS Iowa (BB-4) Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber (Nos. 61 – 68) (No. 83 in 1908) Mark 7: 4 × Twin Turrets
USS Kearsarge (BB-5) Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber Mark 9 (superimposed turret): 2 × Dual-Caliber Turret
USS Kentucky (BB-6) Mark 4: 8"/35 caliber Mark 9 (superimposed turret): 2 × Dual-Caliber Turret

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Navweaps 2016.
  2. ^ a b c Friedman 2011, p. 173.

References

[edit]
  • Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One. Seaforth Publishing. p. 173. ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7.
  • "United States of America 8"/35 (20.3 cm) Marks 3 and 4 8"/40 (20.3 cm) Mark 5". Navweaps. 29 July 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
[edit]

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