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{{Short description|Former horse artillery regiment of the British Army}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{infobox military unit
{{infobox military unit
|unit_name=F Brigade, RHA<br>VI Brigade, RHA<br>6th Regiment, RHA
|unit_name=F Brigade, RHA<br />VI Brigade, RHA<br />6th Regiment, RHA
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|dates=19 February 1862 - 14 April 1877<br>1 March 1901 - 1 October 1914<br>October 1919 - 8 January 1920<br>1 November 1940 - 1948
|dates=19 February 1862 – 14 April 1877<br />1 March 1901 – 1 October 1914<br />October 1919 – 8 January 1920<br />1 November 1940 – 1948
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'''6th Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery''' was a [[Regiment]] of the [[Royal Horse Artillery]] that acted as a training formation during [[World War II]]. It was the last RHA unit to serve in [[India]] between December 1945 and April 1947, before being redesignated as 6th Field Regiment, [[Royal Artillery]] in [[Palestine]] in 1948.
'''6th Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery''' was a [[Regiment]] of the [[Royal Horse Artillery]] that acted as a training formation during [[World War II]]. It was the last RHA unit to serve in [[India]] between December 1945 and April 1947, before being redesignated as 6th Field Regiment, [[Royal Artillery]] in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] in 1948.


The regiment had an earlier incarnation as '''F Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery''', formed from the 2nd Brigade of the [[Bengal Horse Artillery]] in 1862 before being broken up in 1877. It was reestablished in 1901 as '''VI [[Brigade#United_Kingdom|Brigade]]{{efn|The basic organic unit of the [[Royal Artillery]] was, and is, the [[Artillery battery|Battery]].<ref name=MOD_RA>{{cite web|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)]]|accessdate=13 April 2013|title=The Royal Artillery|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/artillery/23445.aspx}}</ref> When grouped together they formed brigades, in the same way that infantry battalions or cavalry regiments were grouped together in brigades. At the outbreak of [[World War I]], a field artillery brigade of [[Headquarters#Military|headquarters]] (4 officers, 37 [[other ranks]]), three batteries (5 and 193 each), and a brigade ammunition column (4 and 154)<ref name=LLT_WAB>{{cite web|publisher=The Long, Long Trail|accessdate=13 April 2013|last=Baker|first=Chris|title=What was an artillery brigade?|url=http://www.1914-1918.net/whatartbrig.htm}}</ref> had a total strength just under 800 so was broadly comparable to an infantry battalion (just over 1,000) or a cavalry regiment (about 550). Like an infantry battalion, an artillery brigade was usually commanded by a [[Lieutenant-Colonel]]. Artillery brigades were redesignated as regiments in 1938.}}, Royal Horse Artillery''' but was broken up at the outbreak of [[World War I]] as its constituent batteries were posted to other formations.
The regiment had an earlier incarnation as '''F Brigade, RHA''', formed from the 2nd Brigade of the [[Bengal Horse Artillery]] in 1862 before being broken up in 1877. It was reestablished in 1901 as '''VI [[Brigade#United Kingdom|Brigade]],{{efn|The basic organic unit of the [[Royal Artillery]] was, and is, the [[Artillery battery|Battery]].<ref name=MOD_RA>{{cite web|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)]] |access-date=13 April 2013 |title=The Royal Artillery |url=http://www.army.mod.uk/artillery/23445.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023001138/http://www.army.mod.uk/artillery/23445.aspx |archive-date=23 October 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> When grouped together they formed brigades, in the same way that infantry battalions or cavalry regiments were grouped together in brigades. At the outbreak of [[World War I]], a field artillery brigade of [[Headquarters#Military|headquarters]] (4 officers, 37 [[Other ranks (UK)|other ranks]]), three batteries (5 and 193 each), and a brigade ammunition column (4 and 154)<ref name=LLT_WAB>{{cite web|publisher=The Long, Long Trail|access-date=13 April 2013|last=Baker|first=Chris|title=What was an artillery brigade?|url=http://www.1914-1918.net/whatartbrig.htm}}</ref> had a total strength just under 800 so was broadly comparable to an infantry battalion (just over 1,000) or a cavalry regiment (about 550). Like an infantry battalion, an artillery brigade was usually commanded by a [[Lieutenant-Colonel]]. Artillery brigades were redesignated as regiments in 1938.}} RHA''' but was broken up at the outbreak of [[World War I]] as its constituent batteries were posted to other formations.


==History==
=={{anchor|F Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery}} F Brigade, RHA==
==={{anchor|F Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery}} F Brigade, RHA===
The [[Bengal Army]] of [[Honourable East India Company]] formed its first battery of [[Horse artillery|Horse Artillery]], the ''Experimental Brigade, Bengal Horse Artillery'' (still in existence as [[F Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|F Battery, RHA]]) on 4 December 1800.<ref name=Clarke97>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=97}}</ref> By the time the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] broke out, the Bengal Horse Artillery had grown to 13 batteries, organized as three brigades. Five of these batteries were manned by [[sepoy]]s (native Indian soldiers) and two mutinied: 4th Troop, 1st Brigade at [[Neemuch]] and 4th Troop, 3rd Brigade at [[Multan]]. All five batteries were promptly reformed as European units.<ref name=FrederickIHA/>
The [[Bengal Army]] of the [[Honourable East India Company]] formed its first battery of [[Horse artillery|Horse Artillery]], the ''Experimental Brigade, Bengal Horse Artillery'' on 4 December 1800 (still in existence as [[F Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|F Battery, RHA]]).<ref name=Clarke97>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=97}}</ref> By the time the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] broke out, the Bengal Horse Artillery had grown to 13 batteries, organized as three brigades. Four of these batteries were manned by [[sepoy]]s (native Indian soldiers) and two mutinied: 4th Troop, 1st Brigade at [[Neemuch]] and 4th Troop, 3rd Brigade at [[Multan]]. All four batteries were promptly reformed as European units.<ref name=FrederickIHA>{{harvnb|Frederick|1984|pp=428–429}}</ref>


As a result of the Rebellion, the [[British Crown]] took direct control of India from the East India Company on 1 November 1858 under the provisions of the [[Government of India Act 1858]]. The [[Presidency armies]] transferred to the direct authority of the British Crown and its European units were transferred to the [[British Army]]. Henceforth artillery, the mutineers most effective arm, was to be the sole preserve of the British Army (with the exception of certain Mountain Artillery batteries). On 19 February 1862, the Bengal Horse Artillery transferred to the [[Royal Artillery]] as its 2nd and 5th Horse Brigades.{{efn|The original Royal Horse Artillery batteries formed 1st Horse Brigade RA, the 1st Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery became 2nd Horse Brigade RA, the Madras Horse Artillery became 3rd Horse Brigade RA, the Bombay Horse Artillery became 4th Horse Brigade RA and the 2nd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery became 5th Horse Brigade RA. The 3rd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery was split between 2nd and 5th Horse Brigades RA. These brigades performed an administrative, rather than tactical, role.<ref name=FrederickIHA>{{harvnb|Frederick|1984|pp=428&ndash;429}}</ref>}} On transfer, '''5th Horse Brigade, Royal Artillery''' comprised:<ref name=FrederickIHA/>
As a result of the Rebellion, the [[British Crown]] took direct control of India from the East India Company on 1 November 1858 under the provisions of the [[Government of India Act 1858]]. The [[Presidency armies]] transferred to the direct authority of the British Crown and its European units were transferred to the [[British Army]]. Henceforth artillery, the mutineers most effective arm, was to be the sole preserve of the British Army (with the exception of certain Mountain Artillery batteries). On 19 February 1862, the Bengal Horse Artillery transferred to the [[Royal Artillery]] as its 2nd and 5th Horse Brigades.{{efn|The original Horse Brigade Royal Artillery formed 1st Horse Brigade RA, the 1st Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery became 2nd Horse Brigade RA, the Madras Horse Artillery became 3rd Horse Brigade RA, the Bombay Horse Artillery became 4th Horse Brigade RA and the 2nd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery became 5th Horse Brigade RA. The 3rd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery was split between 2nd and 5th Horse Brigades RA. These brigades performed an administrative, rather than tactical, role.<ref name=FrederickIHA/>}} On transfer, '''5th Horse Brigade, Royal Artillery''' comprised:<ref name=FrederickIHA/>
*A Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (A/5) - formerly 1st Troop, 2nd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery{{refn|group=nb|name=KRHA|Later [[K Battery, Royal Horse Artillery]].<ref>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=101}}</ref>}} at [[Rawalpindi]]
*A Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (A/5) - formerly 1st Troop, 2nd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery{{efn|name=KRHA|Formed as 2nd Troop, Bengal Horse Artillery on 4 August 1809, later [[K Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|K Battery, RHA]].<ref name=Clarke101>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=101}}</ref>}} at [[Rawalpindi]]
*B Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (B/5) - formerly 2nd Troop, 2nd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery{{refn|group=nb|name=52RA|Transferred to [[Royal Artillery]] on 1 April 1887; later 52nd Battery, RA.<ref>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=103}}</ref>}} at [[Meerut]]
*B Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (B/5) - formerly 2nd Troop, 2nd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery{{efn|name=52RA|Formed as The Rocket Troop, Bengal Artillery on 13 September 1816, transferred to [[Royal Artillery]] on 1 April 1887; later 52nd Battery, RA.<ref name=Clarke103>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=103}}</ref>}} at [[Meerut]]
*C Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (C/5) - formerly 3rd Troop, 2nd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery{{refn|group=nb|name=Depot|Depot Battery, 4th Brigade, RA on 1 February 1884.<ref>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=108}}</ref>}} at [[Ambala]]
*C Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (C/5) - formerly 3rd Troop, 2nd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery{{efn|name=Depot|Formed as 3rd Troop, 2nd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery on 1 July 1825; transferred to Royal Artillery on 1 February 1884 as Depot Battery, 4th Brigade, RA.<ref name=Clarke108>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=108}}</ref>}} at [[Ambala]]
*D Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (D/5) - formerly 4th Troop, 2nd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery{{refn|group=nb|name=WRHA|Later [[W Battery, Royal Horse Artillery]].<ref>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=105}}</ref>}} at [[Lahore Cantonment|Mian Mir]]
*D Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (D/5) - formerly 4th Troop, 2nd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery{{efn|name=WRHA|Formed as 1st Brigade of Gallopers, Bengal Artillery on 21 July 1817, later [[W Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|W Battery, RHA]].<ref name=Clarke105>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=105}}</ref>}} at [[Lahore Cantonment|Mian Mir]]
*E Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (E/5) - formerly 3rd Troop, 3rd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery{{refn|group=nb|name=SRHA|Later [[S Battery, Royal Horse Artillery]].<ref>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=110}}</ref>}} at [[Lahore Cantonment|Mian Mir]]
*E Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (E/5) - formerly 3rd Troop, 3rd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery{{efn|name=SRHA|Formed as 3rd Troop, 3rd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery on 1 October 1826, later [[S Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|S Battery, RHA]].<ref name=Clarke110>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=110}}</ref>}} at [[Lahore Cantonment|Mian Mir]]
*F Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (F/5) - formerly 4th Troop, 3rd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery{{refn|group=nb|name=XRHA|Later [[X Battery, Royal Horse Artillery]].<ref>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=106}}</ref>}} at [[Ambala]]
*F Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (F/5) - formerly 4th Troop, 3rd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery{{efn|name=XRHA|Formed as 3rd Brigade of Gallopers, Bengal Artillery on 3 October 1817, later [[X Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|X Battery, RHA]].<ref name=Clarke106>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=106}}</ref>}} at [[Ambala]]


The 1st Brigade with 10 batteries was much large than the other four (with four to seven batteries each). A reorganization of the Horse Artillery on 13 April 1864 saw 1st Brigade split as A and B Brigades, 2nd Brigade become C Brigade, 3rd become D, 4th become E, and 5th become '''F Horse Brigade, Royal Artillery'''.<ref name=Clarke53>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=53}}</ref> As battery designations were tied to the brigade the battery was assigned to, the batteries were also redesignated. The new designations were in order of seniority. F Horse Brigade, RA now comprised:<ref name=Clarke136>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=136}}</ref>
The 1st Brigade with 10 batteries was much larger than the other four (with four to seven batteries each). A reorganization of the Horse Artillery on 13 April 1864 saw 1st Brigade split as [[A Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery|A]] and [[B Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery|B Brigades]], 2nd Brigade become [[C Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery|C Brigade]], 3rd become [[D Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery|D Brigade]], 4th become [[E Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery|E Brigade]], and 5th become '''F Horse Brigade, Royal Artillery'''.<ref name=Clarke53>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=53}}</ref> As battery designations were tied to the brigade the battery was assigned to, the batteries were also redesignated. The new designations were in order of seniority. F Horse Brigade, RA now comprised:<ref name=Clarke136>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=136}}</ref>
*A Battery, F Horse Brigade (A/F) - formerly A/5 Battery{{refn|group=nb|name=KRHA}} at [[Ambala]]
*A Battery, F Horse Brigade (A/F) - formerly A/5 Battery{{efn|name=KRHA}} at [[Ambala]]
*B Battery, F Horse Brigade (B/F) - formerly B/5 Battery{{refn|group=nb|name=52RA}} at [[Peshawar]]
*B Battery, F Horse Brigade (B/F) - formerly B/5 Battery{{efn|name=52RA}} at [[Peshawar]]
*C Battery, F Horse Brigade (C/F) - formerly C/5 Battery{{refn|group=nb|name=Depot}} at [[Ambala]]
*C Battery, F Horse Brigade (C/F) - formerly C/5 Battery{{efn|name=Depot}} at [[Ambala]]
*D Battery, F Horse Brigade (D/F) - formerly E/5 Battery{{refn|group=nb|name=SRHA}} at [[Peshawar]]
*D Battery, F Horse Brigade (D/F) - formerly E/5 Battery{{efn|name=SRHA}} at [[Peshawar]]
*E Battery, F Horse Brigade (E/F) - formerly D/5 Battery{{refn|group=nb|name=WRHA}} at [[Lahore Cantonment|Mian Mir]]
*E Battery, F Horse Brigade (E/F) - formerly D/5 Battery{{efn|name=WRHA}} at [[Lahore Cantonment|Mian Mir]]
*F Battery, F Horse Brigade (F/F) - formerly F/5 Battery{{refn|group=nb|name=XRHA}} at [[Sialkot]]
*F Battery, F Horse Brigade (F/F) - formerly F/5 Battery{{efn|name=XRHA}} at [[Sialkot]]


From 1866, the term "[[Royal Horse Artillery]]" appeared in Army List.<ref name=Frederick431>{{harvnb|Frederick|1984|p=431}}</ref> hence the brigade was designated '''F Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery''' from about this time. Another reorganization on 14 April 1877 saw the number of brigades reduced to three (of 10 batteries each) and F Brigade was broken up. Its batteries were mostly transferred to C Brigade and redesignated again, for example, A/F Battery becoming F Battery, C Brigade.<ref name=Frederick433>{{harvnb|Frederick|1984|p=433}}</ref>
From 1866, the term "[[Royal Horse Artillery]]" appeared in Army List<ref name=Frederick431>{{harvnb|Frederick|1984|p=431}}</ref> hence the brigade was designated '''F Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery''' from about this time. Another reorganization on 14 April 1877 saw the number of brigades reduced to three (of 10 batteries each) and F Brigade was broken up. Its batteries were mostly transferred to C Brigade and redesignated again, for example, A/F Battery becoming F Battery, C Brigade.<ref name=Frederick433>{{harvnb|Frederick|1984|p=433}}</ref>


The number of brigades was further reduced to two (of 13 batteries each) in 1882. The brigade system was finally abolished in 1889. Henceforth, batteries were designated in a single alphabetical sequence in order of seniority from date of formation.<ref name=Clarke54>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=54}}</ref>
The number of brigades was further reduced to two (of 13 batteries each) in 1882.<ref name=Frederick435>{{harvnb|Frederick|1984|p=435}}</ref> The brigade system was finally abolished in 1889. Henceforth, batteries were designated in a single alphabetical sequence in order of seniority from date of formation.<ref name=Clarke54>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=54}}</ref>


=={{anchor|VI Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery}}VI Brigade, RHA==
==={{anchor|VI Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery}}VI Brigade, RHA===

===First formation===
====First formation====
The brigade system was revived in 1901. Each brigade now commanded just two batteries and a small staff (a [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] in command, an [[adjutant]] and a brigade [[sergeant major]]). Initially, batteries were not assigned to brigades in any particular order,<ref name=Clarke55>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=55}}</ref> but in 1906, at the insistence of [[Edward VII]], brigades were redesignated so that batteries were roughly in order of seniority (hence [[I Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery|I Brigade]] commanded [[A Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|A Battery]] and [[B Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|B Battery]]).<ref name=Clarke58>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=58}}</ref>
The brigade system was revived in 1901. Each brigade now commanded just two batteries and a small staff (a [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] in command, an [[adjutant]] and a brigade [[sergeant major]]). Initially, batteries were not assigned to brigades in any particular order,<ref name=Clarke55>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=55}}</ref> but in 1906, at the insistence of [[Edward VII]], brigades were redesignated so that batteries were roughly in order of seniority (hence [[I Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery|I Brigade]] commanded [[A Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|A Battery]] and [[B Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|B Battery]]).<ref name=Clarke58>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=58}}</ref>


VI Brigade, RHA was formed on 1 March 1901 as the '''VII Brigade-Division, RHA''' with [[H Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|H Battery]] and [[K Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|K Battery]]. In 1903 it was redesignated as '''VII Brigade, RHA'''<ref name=Frederick444>{{harvnb|Frederick|1984|p=444}}</ref> and was stationed at [[Meerut]].<ref name=Clarke141>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=141}}</ref> On 1 October 1906, it was redesignated as '''VI Brigade, RHA'''.<ref name=Frederick444/>
VI Brigade, RHA was formed on 1 March 1901 as the '''VII Brigade-Division, RHA''' with [[H Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|H Battery]] and [[K Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|K Battery]]. In 1903 it was redesignated as '''VII Brigade, RHA'''<ref name=Frederick444>{{harvnb|Frederick|1984|p=444}}</ref> and was stationed at [[Meerut]].<ref name=Clarke141>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=141}}</ref> On 1 October 1906, it was redesignated as '''VI Brigade, RHA'''.<ref name=Frederick444/>


By the time [[World War I]] broke out, the brigade was stationed at [[Trowbridge]] attached to [[2nd Cavalry Brigade (United Kingdom)|2nd Cavalry Brigade]].<ref name=Conrad>{{cite web|url = http://marksrussianmilitaryhistory.info/BRIT14.html|title = The British Army, 1914|last1 = Conrad|first1 = Mark|year = 1996|accessdate = 19 May 2013}}</ref> H Battery was at Trowbridge<ref name=Clarke141/> and on 28 September was assigned to [[VII Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery|VII Brigade, RHA]]<ref name=Frederick444/> in [[1st Cavalry Division (United Kingdom)|1st Cavalry Division]] as a permanent replacement for [[L Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|L Battery]] which had been almost destroyed at [[Action at Néry|Néry]].<ref name=Becke5>{{harvnb|Becke|1935|p=5}}</ref> K Battery was at [[Christchurch, Dorset|Christchurch]]<ref name=Clarke141/> and on 1 October was assigned to [[IV Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery|XV (later IV) Brigade, RHA]]<ref name=Frederick444/> in [[3rd Cavalry Division (United Kingdom)|3rd Cavalry Division]].<ref name=Becke22>{{harvnb|Becke|1935|p=22}}</ref> With the departure of its batteries, the brigade HQ was dissolved.
By the time [[World War I]] broke out, the brigade was stationed at [[Trowbridge]] attached to [[2nd Cavalry Brigade (United Kingdom)|2nd Cavalry Brigade]].<ref name=Conrad>{{cite web|url = http://marksrussianmilitaryhistory.info/BRIT14.html|title = The British Army, 1914|last1 = Conrad|first1 = Mark|year = 1996|access-date = 19 May 2013}}</ref> H Battery was at Trowbridge<ref name=Clarke141/> and on 28 September was assigned to [[VII Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery|VII Brigade, RHA]]<ref name=Frederick444/> in [[1st Cavalry Division (United Kingdom)|1st Cavalry Division]] as a permanent replacement for [[L Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|L Battery]] which had been almost destroyed at [[Action at Néry|Néry]].<ref name=Becke5>{{harvnb|Becke|1935|p=5}}</ref> K Battery was at [[Christchurch, Dorset|Christchurch]]<ref name=Clarke141/> and on 1 October was assigned to [[IV Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery|XV (later IV) Brigade, RHA]]<ref name=Frederick444/> in [[3rd Cavalry Division (United Kingdom)|3rd Cavalry Division]].<ref name=Becke22>{{harvnb|Becke|1935|p=22}}</ref> With the departure of its batteries, the brigade HQ was dissolved.


===Second formation===
====Second formation====
By October 1919, '''VI Brigade, RHA''' was reformed at [[Cheriton, Kent|Shorncliffe]] in the [[United Kingdom]] with<ref name=Clarke149>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=149}}</ref>
By October 1919, '''VI Brigade, RHA''' was reformed at [[Shorncliffe Army Camp|Shorncliffe]] in the [[United Kingdom]] with<ref name=Clarke149>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=149}}</ref>
*[[V Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|V Battery, RHA]] from [[7th Indian Cavalry Brigade]] in [[Mesopotamian campaign|Mesopotamia]] in May 1919
*[[V Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|V Battery, RHA]] from [[7th Indian Cavalry Brigade]] in [[Mesopotamian campaign|Mesopotamia]] in May 1919
*[[W Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|W Battery, RHA]] from [[11th Indian Cavalry Brigade]] in [[Mesopotamian campaign|Mesopotamia]] in May 1919
*[[W Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|W Battery, RHA]] from [[11th Indian Cavalry Brigade]] in [[Mesopotamian campaign|Mesopotamia]] in May 1919
*[[X Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|X Battery, RHA]] from [[XVII Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery|XVII Brigade, RHA]] in [[Germany]] in early 1919{{efn|XVII Brigade, RHA was broken up on 17 April 1918.<ref name=Frederick448>{{harvnb|Frederick|1984|p=448}}</ref> It is not clear what happened to X Battery after that date. Clarke<ref name=Clarke146>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=146}}</ref> states that X Battery, RHA left the brigade on 8 October 1917. This disagrees with Perry<ref name=Perry19>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=19}}</ref> which indicates that it was still with the brigade in March 1918 and Frederick<ref name=Frederick448/> which says it was still with the brigade in April 1918.}}
*[[X Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|X Battery, RHA]] from [[XVII Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery|XVII Brigade, RHA]] in [[Germany]] in early 1919{{efn|XVII Brigade, RHA was broken up on 17 April 1918.<ref name=Frederick448>{{harvnb|Frederick|1984|p=448}}</ref> Clarke<ref name=Clarke146>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=146}}</ref> states that X Battery, RHA left the brigade on 8 October 1917. This disagrees with Frederick<ref name=Frederick448/> which says it was still with the brigade in April 1918. Perry<ref name=Perry19>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=19}}</ref> implies that it was still with the brigade in March 1918 but elsewhere<ref name=Perry94>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=94}}</ref> states that the battery joined [[4th (Meerut) Cavalry Brigade]], [[7th Meerut Divisional Area]] in India in January 1918.}}


This new incarnation was short-lived, however. On 8 January 1920, the [[Headquarters#Military|Headquarters]] was absorbed into the HQ of [[8th Brigade, Royal Field Artillery]]. On 4 May 1920, V, W, and X Batteries were converted to 137th, 138th and 139th Batteries, [[Royal Field Artillery|RFA]] in 8th Brigade.<ref name=Frederick444/>
This new incarnation was short-lived, however. On 8 January 1920, the [[Headquarters#Military|Headquarters]] was absorbed into the HQ of [[8th Brigade, Royal Field Artillery]]. On 4 May 1920, V, W, and X Batteries were converted to 137th, 138th and 139th Batteries, [[Royal Field Artillery|RFA]] in 8th Brigade, RFA.<ref name=Frederick444/>


==6th Regiment, RHA==
===6th Regiment, RHA===
'''6th Regiment, RHA''' was formed on 1 November 1940 at [[Bulwick]], [[Northamptonshire]] from a cadre of [[5th Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery|5th Regiment, RHA]].<ref name=Frederick445>{{harvnb|Frederick|1984|p=445}}</ref> Initially, it commanded 1, 2 and 3 batteries until they took on the identities of N, O and P batteries.<ref name=Clarke152>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=152}}</ref> In March 1941, [[P Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|P Battery, RHA]] left [[3rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery|3rd Regiment, RHA]] and returned to the UK. In February 1942, [[O Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|O Battery, RHA]] was unlinked from B/O Battery of [[1st Regiment Royal Horse Artillery|1st Regiment, RHA]] and returned to the UK. In April 1942, [[N Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|N Battery, RHA]] was unlinked from I/N Battery of [[2nd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery|2nd Regiment, RHA]] and returned to the UK.<ref name=Clarke151>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=151}}</ref>
'''6th Regiment, RHA''' was formed on 1 November 1940 at [[Bulwick]], [[Northamptonshire]] from a cadre of [[5th Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery|5th Regiment, RHA]].<ref name=Frederick445>{{harvnb|Frederick|1984|p=445}}</ref> Initially, it commanded 1, 2 and 3 batteries until they took on the identities of N, O and P batteries.<ref name=Clarke152>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=152}}</ref> In March 1941, [[P Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|P Battery, RHA]] left [[3rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery|3rd Regiment, RHA]] and returned to the UK. In February 1942, [[O Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|O Battery, RHA]] was unlinked from B/O Battery of [[1st Regiment Royal Horse Artillery|1st Regiment, RHA]] and returned to the UK. In April 1942, [[N Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|N Battery, RHA]] was unlinked from I/N Battery of [[2nd Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery|2nd Regiment, RHA]] and returned to the UK.<ref name=Clarke151>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=151}}</ref>


The regiment did not see active service in [[World War II]], instead it remained in England as a training formation to provide officers and men to the other regiments.<ref name=Clarke38>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=38}}</ref> On 4 December 1940 it was assigned to the [[9th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)#9th Support Group|9th Support Group]] of [[9th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)|9th Armoured Division]] and remained with the division when 9th Support Group was disbanded on 12 June 1942.<ref name=Joslen220>{{harvnb|Joslen|1990|p=220}}</ref> It remained under command of 9th Armoured Division until 10 July 1944. 9th Armoured Division was disbanded shortly thereafter.<ref name=Joslen23>{{harvnb|Joslen|1990|p=23}}</ref>
The regiment did not see active service in [[World War II]], instead it remained in England as a training formation to provide officers and men to the other regiments.<ref name=Clarke38>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=38}}</ref> On 4 December 1940 it was assigned to the [[9th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)#9th Support Group|9th Support Group]] of [[9th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)|9th Armoured Division]] and remained with the division when 9th Support Group was disbanded on 12 June 1942.<ref name=Joslen220>{{harvnb|Joslen|1990|p=220}}</ref> It remained under command of 9th Armoured Division until 10 July 1944. 9th Armoured Division was disbanded shortly thereafter.<ref name=Joslen23>{{harvnb|Joslen|1990|p=23}}</ref>


In December 1945 the regiment was posted to India, the last RHA unit to serve there.<ref name=Clarke38/> On 29 April 1947, the regiment departed [[Mumbai|Bombay (Mumbai)]] for [[Port Said]], [[Egypt]] arriving on 8 May. It was posted to the [[Suez Canal|Canal Zone]], serving there until October, before moving to [[Palestine]] on internal security duties.<ref name=Clarke72>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=72}}</ref>
In December 1945 the regiment was posted to India, the last RHA unit to serve there.<ref name=Clarke38/> On 29 April 1947, the regiment departed [[Mumbai|Bombay (Mumbai)]] for [[Port Said]], [[Egypt]] arriving on 8 May. It was posted to the [[Suez Canal|Canal Zone]], serving there until October, before moving to [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] on internal security duties.<ref name=Clarke72>{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=72}}</ref>


In 1948, 6th Regiment RHA reverted to [[Royal Artillery|RA]] status as [[6th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery]]. N Battery transferred to [[4th Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery|4th Regiment, RHA]] just before conversion, with [[W Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|W Battery, RHA]] replacing it.<ref name=Clarke152/>
In 1948, 6th Regiment RHA reverted to [[Royal Artillery|RA]] status as [[6th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery]]. N Battery transferred to [[4th Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery|4th Regiment, RHA]] just before conversion, with [[W Battery, Royal Horse Artillery|W Battery, RHA]] replacing it.<ref name=Clarke152/>

==See also==
{{Portal|United Kingdom}}


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
{{notelist}}

==Footnotes==
{{reflist|group=nb}}


==References==
==References==
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==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
| ref = harv
| last = Becke | first = Major A.F.
| last = Becke | first = Major A.F.
| year = 1935
| year = 1935
| title = Order of Battle of Divisions Part 1. The Regular British Divisions
| title = Order of Battle of Divisions Part 1. The Regular British Divisions
| publisher = His Majesty's Stationary Office
| publisher = His Majesty's Stationery Office
| location = London
| location = London
| isbn = 1-871167-09-4
| isbn = 1-871167-09-4
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
| ref = harv
| last = Clarke | first = W.G.
| last = Clarke | first = W.G.
| year = 1993
| year = 1993
Line 131: Line 134:
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
| ref = harv
| last = Frederick | first = J.B.M.
| last = Frederick | first = J.B.M.
| year = 1984
| year = 1984
Line 140: Line 142:
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
| ref = harv
| last = Joslen | first = Lt-Col H.F.
| last = Joslen | first = Lt-Col H.F.
| year = 1990
| year = 1990
| origyear = 1st. Pub. [[HMSO]]:1960
| orig-year = 1st. Pub. [[HMSO]]:1960
| title = Orders of Battle, Second World War, 1939–1945
| title = Orders of Battle, Second World War, 1939–1945
| publisher = London Stamp Exchange
| publisher = London Stamp Exchange
Line 150: Line 151:
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
| ref = harv
| last = Perry | first = F.W.
| last = Perry | first = F.W.
| year = 1993
| year = 1993
| title = Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5B. Indian Army Divisions
| title = Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5B. Indian Army Divisions
| publisher = Ray Westlake Military Books
| publisher = Ray Westlake Military Books
| location = Newport, Gwent
| location = Newport
| isbn = 1-871167-23-X
| isbn = 1-871167-23-X
}}
}}
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==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.1914-1918.net/rha.htm ''The Royal Horse Artillery'' on The Long, Long Trail]
*[http://www.1914-1918.net/rha.htm ''The Royal Horse Artillery'' on The Long, Long Trail]

{{Royal Horse Artillery}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:6th Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:6th Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery}}
[[Category:Royal Artillery regiments]]
[[Category:Royal Horse Artillery regiments]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1862]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1862]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1877]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1877]]
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[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1940]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1940]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1948]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1948]]
[[Category:1862 establishments in the United Kingdom]]

Latest revision as of 14:17, 11 February 2024

F Brigade, RHA
VI Brigade, RHA
6th Regiment, RHA
Active19 February 1862 – 14 April 1877
1 March 1901 – 1 October 1914
October 1919 – 8 January 1920
1 November 1940 – 1948
Country United Kingdom
Branch British Army
TypeArtillery
SizeBattalion

6th Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery was a Regiment of the Royal Horse Artillery that acted as a training formation during World War II. It was the last RHA unit to serve in India between December 1945 and April 1947, before being redesignated as 6th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery in Palestine in 1948.

The regiment had an earlier incarnation as F Brigade, RHA, formed from the 2nd Brigade of the Bengal Horse Artillery in 1862 before being broken up in 1877. It was reestablished in 1901 as VI Brigade,[a] RHA but was broken up at the outbreak of World War I as its constituent batteries were posted to other formations.

History

[edit]

F Brigade, RHA

[edit]

The Bengal Army of the Honourable East India Company formed its first battery of Horse Artillery, the Experimental Brigade, Bengal Horse Artillery on 4 December 1800 (still in existence as F Battery, RHA).[3] By the time the Indian Rebellion of 1857 broke out, the Bengal Horse Artillery had grown to 13 batteries, organized as three brigades. Four of these batteries were manned by sepoys (native Indian soldiers) and two mutinied: 4th Troop, 1st Brigade at Neemuch and 4th Troop, 3rd Brigade at Multan. All four batteries were promptly reformed as European units.[4]

As a result of the Rebellion, the British Crown took direct control of India from the East India Company on 1 November 1858 under the provisions of the Government of India Act 1858. The Presidency armies transferred to the direct authority of the British Crown and its European units were transferred to the British Army. Henceforth artillery, the mutineers most effective arm, was to be the sole preserve of the British Army (with the exception of certain Mountain Artillery batteries). On 19 February 1862, the Bengal Horse Artillery transferred to the Royal Artillery as its 2nd and 5th Horse Brigades.[b] On transfer, 5th Horse Brigade, Royal Artillery comprised:[4]

  • A Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (A/5) - formerly 1st Troop, 2nd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery[c] at Rawalpindi
  • B Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (B/5) - formerly 2nd Troop, 2nd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery[d] at Meerut
  • C Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (C/5) - formerly 3rd Troop, 2nd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery[e] at Ambala
  • D Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (D/5) - formerly 4th Troop, 2nd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery[f] at Mian Mir
  • E Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (E/5) - formerly 3rd Troop, 3rd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery[g] at Mian Mir
  • F Battery, 5th Horse Brigade (F/5) - formerly 4th Troop, 3rd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery[h] at Ambala

The 1st Brigade with 10 batteries was much larger than the other four (with four to seven batteries each). A reorganization of the Horse Artillery on 13 April 1864 saw 1st Brigade split as A and B Brigades, 2nd Brigade become C Brigade, 3rd become D Brigade, 4th become E Brigade, and 5th become F Horse Brigade, Royal Artillery.[11] As battery designations were tied to the brigade the battery was assigned to, the batteries were also redesignated. The new designations were in order of seniority. F Horse Brigade, RA now comprised:[12]

  • A Battery, F Horse Brigade (A/F) - formerly A/5 Battery[c] at Ambala
  • B Battery, F Horse Brigade (B/F) - formerly B/5 Battery[d] at Peshawar
  • C Battery, F Horse Brigade (C/F) - formerly C/5 Battery[e] at Ambala
  • D Battery, F Horse Brigade (D/F) - formerly E/5 Battery[g] at Peshawar
  • E Battery, F Horse Brigade (E/F) - formerly D/5 Battery[f] at Mian Mir
  • F Battery, F Horse Brigade (F/F) - formerly F/5 Battery[h] at Sialkot

From 1866, the term "Royal Horse Artillery" appeared in Army List[13] hence the brigade was designated F Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery from about this time. Another reorganization on 14 April 1877 saw the number of brigades reduced to three (of 10 batteries each) and F Brigade was broken up. Its batteries were mostly transferred to C Brigade and redesignated again, for example, A/F Battery becoming F Battery, C Brigade.[14]

The number of brigades was further reduced to two (of 13 batteries each) in 1882.[15] The brigade system was finally abolished in 1889. Henceforth, batteries were designated in a single alphabetical sequence in order of seniority from date of formation.[16]

VI Brigade, RHA

[edit]

First formation

[edit]

The brigade system was revived in 1901. Each brigade now commanded just two batteries and a small staff (a Lieutenant-Colonel in command, an adjutant and a brigade sergeant major). Initially, batteries were not assigned to brigades in any particular order,[17] but in 1906, at the insistence of Edward VII, brigades were redesignated so that batteries were roughly in order of seniority (hence I Brigade commanded A Battery and B Battery).[18]

VI Brigade, RHA was formed on 1 March 1901 as the VII Brigade-Division, RHA with H Battery and K Battery. In 1903 it was redesignated as VII Brigade, RHA[19] and was stationed at Meerut.[20] On 1 October 1906, it was redesignated as VI Brigade, RHA.[19]

By the time World War I broke out, the brigade was stationed at Trowbridge attached to 2nd Cavalry Brigade.[21] H Battery was at Trowbridge[20] and on 28 September was assigned to VII Brigade, RHA[19] in 1st Cavalry Division as a permanent replacement for L Battery which had been almost destroyed at Néry.[22] K Battery was at Christchurch[20] and on 1 October was assigned to XV (later IV) Brigade, RHA[19] in 3rd Cavalry Division.[23] With the departure of its batteries, the brigade HQ was dissolved.

Second formation

[edit]

By October 1919, VI Brigade, RHA was reformed at Shorncliffe in the United Kingdom with[24]

This new incarnation was short-lived, however. On 8 January 1920, the Headquarters was absorbed into the HQ of 8th Brigade, Royal Field Artillery. On 4 May 1920, V, W, and X Batteries were converted to 137th, 138th and 139th Batteries, RFA in 8th Brigade, RFA.[19]

6th Regiment, RHA

[edit]

6th Regiment, RHA was formed on 1 November 1940 at Bulwick, Northamptonshire from a cadre of 5th Regiment, RHA.[29] Initially, it commanded 1, 2 and 3 batteries until they took on the identities of N, O and P batteries.[30] In March 1941, P Battery, RHA left 3rd Regiment, RHA and returned to the UK. In February 1942, O Battery, RHA was unlinked from B/O Battery of 1st Regiment, RHA and returned to the UK. In April 1942, N Battery, RHA was unlinked from I/N Battery of 2nd Regiment, RHA and returned to the UK.[31]

The regiment did not see active service in World War II, instead it remained in England as a training formation to provide officers and men to the other regiments.[32] On 4 December 1940 it was assigned to the 9th Support Group of 9th Armoured Division and remained with the division when 9th Support Group was disbanded on 12 June 1942.[33] It remained under command of 9th Armoured Division until 10 July 1944. 9th Armoured Division was disbanded shortly thereafter.[34]

In December 1945 the regiment was posted to India, the last RHA unit to serve there.[32] On 29 April 1947, the regiment departed Bombay (Mumbai) for Port Said, Egypt arriving on 8 May. It was posted to the Canal Zone, serving there until October, before moving to Palestine on internal security duties.[35]

In 1948, 6th Regiment RHA reverted to RA status as 6th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery. N Battery transferred to 4th Regiment, RHA just before conversion, with W Battery, RHA replacing it.[30]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The basic organic unit of the Royal Artillery was, and is, the Battery.[1] When grouped together they formed brigades, in the same way that infantry battalions or cavalry regiments were grouped together in brigades. At the outbreak of World War I, a field artillery brigade of headquarters (4 officers, 37 other ranks), three batteries (5 and 193 each), and a brigade ammunition column (4 and 154)[2] had a total strength just under 800 so was broadly comparable to an infantry battalion (just over 1,000) or a cavalry regiment (about 550). Like an infantry battalion, an artillery brigade was usually commanded by a Lieutenant-Colonel. Artillery brigades were redesignated as regiments in 1938.
  2. ^ The original Horse Brigade Royal Artillery formed 1st Horse Brigade RA, the 1st Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery became 2nd Horse Brigade RA, the Madras Horse Artillery became 3rd Horse Brigade RA, the Bombay Horse Artillery became 4th Horse Brigade RA and the 2nd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery became 5th Horse Brigade RA. The 3rd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery was split between 2nd and 5th Horse Brigades RA. These brigades performed an administrative, rather than tactical, role.[4]
  3. ^ a b Formed as 2nd Troop, Bengal Horse Artillery on 4 August 1809, later K Battery, RHA.[5]
  4. ^ a b Formed as The Rocket Troop, Bengal Artillery on 13 September 1816, transferred to Royal Artillery on 1 April 1887; later 52nd Battery, RA.[6]
  5. ^ a b Formed as 3rd Troop, 2nd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery on 1 July 1825; transferred to Royal Artillery on 1 February 1884 as Depot Battery, 4th Brigade, RA.[7]
  6. ^ a b Formed as 1st Brigade of Gallopers, Bengal Artillery on 21 July 1817, later W Battery, RHA.[8]
  7. ^ a b Formed as 3rd Troop, 3rd Brigade Bengal Horse Artillery on 1 October 1826, later S Battery, RHA.[9]
  8. ^ a b Formed as 3rd Brigade of Gallopers, Bengal Artillery on 3 October 1817, later X Battery, RHA.[10]
  9. ^ XVII Brigade, RHA was broken up on 17 April 1918.[25] Clarke[26] states that X Battery, RHA left the brigade on 8 October 1917. This disagrees with Frederick[25] which says it was still with the brigade in April 1918. Perry[27] implies that it was still with the brigade in March 1918 but elsewhere[28] states that the battery joined 4th (Meerut) Cavalry Brigade, 7th Meerut Divisional Area in India in January 1918.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "The Royal Artillery". Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom). Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  2. ^ Baker, Chris. "What was an artillery brigade?". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  3. ^ Clarke 1993, p. 97
  4. ^ a b c Frederick 1984, pp. 428–429
  5. ^ Clarke 1993, p. 101
  6. ^ Clarke 1993, p. 103
  7. ^ Clarke 1993, p. 108
  8. ^ Clarke 1993, p. 105
  9. ^ Clarke 1993, p. 110
  10. ^ Clarke 1993, p. 106
  11. ^ Clarke 1993, p. 53
  12. ^ Clarke 1993, p. 136
  13. ^ Frederick 1984, p. 431
  14. ^ Frederick 1984, p. 433
  15. ^ Frederick 1984, p. 435
  16. ^ Clarke 1993, p. 54
  17. ^ Clarke 1993, p. 55
  18. ^ Clarke 1993, p. 58
  19. ^ a b c d e Frederick 1984, p. 444
  20. ^ a b c Clarke 1993, p. 141
  21. ^ Conrad, Mark (1996). "The British Army, 1914". Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  22. ^ Becke 1935, p. 5
  23. ^ Becke 1935, p. 22
  24. ^ Clarke 1993, p. 149
  25. ^ a b Frederick 1984, p. 448
  26. ^ Clarke 1993, p. 146
  27. ^ Perry 1993, p. 19
  28. ^ Perry 1993, p. 94
  29. ^ Frederick 1984, p. 445
  30. ^ a b Clarke 1993, p. 152
  31. ^ Clarke 1993, p. 151
  32. ^ a b Clarke 1993, p. 38
  33. ^ Joslen 1990, p. 220
  34. ^ Joslen 1990, p. 23
  35. ^ Clarke 1993, p. 72

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Becke, Major A.F. (1935). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 1. The Regular British Divisions. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN 1-871167-09-4.
  • Clarke, W.G. (1993). Horse Gunners: The Royal Horse Artillery, 200 Years of Panache and Professionalism. Woolwich: The Royal Artillery Institution. ISBN 09520762-0-9.
  • Frederick, J.B.M. (1984). Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660-1978. Wakefield, Yorkshire: Microform Academic Publishers. ISBN 1-85117-009-X.
  • Joslen, Lt-Col H.F. (1990) [1st. Pub. HMSO:1960]. Orders of Battle, Second World War, 1939–1945. London: London Stamp Exchange. ISBN 0-948130-03-2.
  • Perry, F.W. (1993). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5B. Indian Army Divisions. Newport: Ray Westlake Military Books. ISBN 1-871167-23-X.
[edit]
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