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'''Madimba''' is a [[Territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|territory]] in the [[Kongo Central]] province of the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].<ref name="CAID-1">{{Cite web|title=Territoire de Madimba: Fiche du territoire |publisher=Cellule d'Analyses des Indicateurs de Développement (CAID) |url=https://www.caid.cd/index.php/donnees-par-province-administrative/province-de-kongo-central/territoire-de-madimba/?secteur=fiche |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530203200/https://www.caid.cd/index.php/donnees-par-province-administrative/province-de-kongo-central/territoire-de-madimba/?secteur=fiche |archive-date=30 May 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy}}</ref> Its seat is the town of [[Madimba]]. |
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| name = Madimba Territory |
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| native_name = <!-- Settlement name in local language(s), if different from the English name --> |
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| native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-1 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> |
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| settlement_type = [[Territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Territory]] |
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| id=Q65131010 |
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| title=Map of Territory |
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| type2=shape-inverse |
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| stroke-color2= #777777 |
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| stroke-width2=0 |
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| id2=Q1043494 |
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| title2=Location within Kongo Central Province |
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| switch=territory, province |
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}} |
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| map_alt = |
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| pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo |
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| coordinates = <!-- {{coord|latitude|longitude|type:city|display=inline,title}} --> |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name = {{flag|DR Congo}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Province]] |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Kongo Central]] |
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| seat_type = Capital |
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| seat = [[Madimba]] |
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| governing_body = |
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| leader_party = |
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| leader_title = Administrator |
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| leader_name = Alphonsine Ngombe |
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| unit_pref = Metric |
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<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->| area_footnotes = |
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| area_blank2_title = <!-- square kilometers --> |
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| area_total_km2 = 8260 |
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| population_total = 463132 |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| timezone1 = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] |
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| utc_offset1 = +1 |
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| official_name = ''Territoire de Madimba'' |
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| blank_name_sec1 = Official language |
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| blank_info_sec1 = [[French language|French]] |
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| blank1_name_sec1 = National language |
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| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] |
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| blank_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] |
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| blank_info_sec2 = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]] |
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<!-- General information --------------->}} |
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'''Madimba''' '''Territory''' is a [[Territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|territory]] in the [[Kongo Central|Kongo Central Province]] of the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC). Its seat is the town of [[Madimba]].<ref name="CAID-1">{{Cite web|title=Territoire de Madimba: Fiche du territoire |publisher=Cellule d'Analyses des Indicateurs de Développement (CAID) |url=https://www.caid.cd/index.php/donnees-par-province-administrative/province-de-kongo-central/territoire-de-madimba/?secteur=fiche |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530203200/https://www.caid.cd/index.php/donnees-par-province-administrative/province-de-kongo-central/territoire-de-madimba/?secteur=fiche |archive-date=30 May 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 17, 2014 |title=Bas-Congo: le territoire de Madimba va souffler sur ses cent bougies |trans-title=Bas-Congo: the territory of Madimba will blow out its hundred candles |url=https://www.mediacongo.net/article-actualite-5557_bas_congo_le_territoire_de_madimba_va_souffler_sur_ses_cent_bougies.html |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=www.mediacongo.net |language=French}}</ref> The region covers an area of 8,260 square miles and is situated 100 km from [[Kinshasa]]. It spans from the Lukusu River in the north to Kintano in the west, and from the [[Inkisi River]] in the west to Kinkosi-Luidi in the southeast. The territory borders [[Kasangulu|Kasangulu Territory]] to the northeast, [[Kimvula Territory]] to the southeast, [[Mbanza-Ngungu|Mbanza-Ngungu Territory]] to the west, and [[Angola]] to the south. Madimba Territory is home to an approximate population of 463,132 residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Aundagba |first1=Jean-Marie Pangodi |last2=Djoza |first2=Ruphin Djolu |last3=Ashande |first3=Colette Masengo |last4=Lhemba |first4=La Blonde Mbala |last5=Kapalata |first5=Fabrice Kogana |last6=Baholy |first6=Robijaona Rahelivovololoniaina |last7=Ngbolua |first7=Koto-te-Nyiwa |date=March 2020 |title=Enquête sur les conditions d'hygiène dans les écoles de la sous-division de Madimba (Province de Kongo-Central) en République Démocratique du Congo |url=https://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2020/vol6issue2/PartE/6-2-83-946.pdf |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=Allresearchjournal.com |page=296 |language=French}}</ref><ref name="CAID-2">{{Cite web|title=Territoire de Madimba: Fiche du territoire: Données géographiques et culturelles |publisher=Cellule d'Analyses des Indicateurs de Développement (CAID) |url=https://www.caid.cd/index.php/donnees-par-province-administrative/province-de-kongo-central/territoire-de-madimba/?secteur=fiche |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530203200/https://www.caid.cd/index.php/donnees-par-province-administrative/province-de-kongo-central/territoire-de-madimba/?secteur=fiche |archive-date=30 May 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Silu |first=Cynthia Pululu |date=2017 |title=Problématique de l'entrepreneuriat informel dans la cite de Kisantu. Typologie basée sur le modèle des 3e |trans-title=Problem of informal entrepreneurship in the city of Kisantu. Typology based on the 3e model. |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/11/22/13293/m_Problmatique-de-l-entrepreneuriat-informel-dans-la-cite-de-Kisantu-Typologie-base-sur-le-mo19.html |access-date=2023-09-30 |publisher=Kongo University |language=French |publication-place=Kongo Central Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> |
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The major rivers that cut across Madimba Territory are the [[Congo River|Congo]] and its tributary the [[Inkisi River|Inkisi]]. Other rivers include the Lukusu, Luidi, Mfidi, Ngufu, Geba, Wungu, Nsele, Tau, Luvu, Lukunga and Bongolo.<ref name="CAID-2">{{Cite web|title=Territoire de Madimba: Fiche du territoire: Données géographiques et culturelles |publisher=Cellule d'Analyses des Indicateurs de Développement (CAID) |url=https://www.caid.cd/index.php/donnees-par-province-administrative/province-de-kongo-central/territoire-de-madimba/?secteur=fiche |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530203200/https://www.caid.cd/index.php/donnees-par-province-administrative/province-de-kongo-central/territoire-de-madimba/?secteur=fiche |archive-date=30 May 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy}}</ref> |
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Madimba Territory is home to the Kisantu Botanical Garden (''Jardin botanique de Kisantu''), one of the largest botanical gardens in [[Central Africa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Le Territoire de Madimba |trans-title=The Madimba Territory |url=https://www.walhain.be/ma-commune/administration-communale/etat-civil-population/cooperation-nord-sud/le-territoire-de-madimba |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Walhain.be |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-05 |title=Kongo-Central : une tête d'érosion menace la route reliant la RDC à l'Angola |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2023/06/05/actualite/securite/kongo-central-une-tete-derosion-menace-la-route-reliant-la-rdc-langola |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Radio Okapi |language=fr}}</ref> The Hôpital Saint-Luc, situated on the Nkandu plateau in [[Kisantu|Inkisi]], is the region's first established medical facility.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-09 |title=Hôpital Général de Référence St Luc, Kisantu |url=https://ph-rdc.org/index.php/hopital-general-de-reference-st-luc-de-kisantu/ |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Ph-rdc.org |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-05 |title=Kongo-Central : la morgue de l'hôpital Saint Luc de Kisantu est saturée |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/01/05/actualite/sante/kongo-central-la-morgue-de-lhopital-saint-luc-de-kisantu-est-saturee |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Radio Okapi |language=fr}}</ref> Madimba Territory houses several higher-educational institutions, including Kubama College (''Collège Kubama''),<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-24 |title=Kisantu : un enseignant meurt craie à la main dans une salle de classe |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2021/11/24/actualite/societe/kisantu-un-enseignant-meurt-craie-la-main-dans-une-salle-de-classe |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Radio Okapi |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Accueill |url=https://www.collegekubama.org/CMS_KUBAMA_WEB/FR/ |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=www.collegekubama.org}}</ref> Institut Technique Industriel de Kisantu (ITI-Kisantu),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Institut Technique industriel de kisantu (I.T.I-KISANTU) |url=https://www.schoolandcollegelistings.com/XX/Unknown/360391330676422/Institut-Technique-industriel-de-kisantu-%28I.T.I-KISANTU%29 |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=Schoolandcollegelistings.com |language=French}}</ref> and Institut Luymas.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mayala |first=Kimpozo |date=June 1, 2004 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Diomi: une natte et une lampe pour un long voyage |language=French |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Diomi: a mat and a lamp for a long journey |work=AllAfrica |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200406011471.html |access-date=2023-09-30}}</ref> The territory is also home to Mbuela-Lodge, a holiday resort located near the town of [[Kisantu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-17 |title=Kisantu : ouverture ce jeudi de « Kimvuama », le forum économique sur le développement du Kongo-Central |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/11/17/actualite/economie/kisantu-ouverture-ce-jeudi-de-kimvuama-le-forum-economique-sur-le |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Radio Okapi |language=fr}}</ref> |
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== Geography == |
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Madimba Territory is located at a latitude of 4°9 and a longitude of 15°2, with an altitude of 210 meters above sea level. Madimba Territory experiences a [[humid subtropical climate]] with distinct seasons. The [[Wet season|rainy season]] spans seven months, including September, October, November, December, January, April, and May.<ref name=":0" /> Conversely, the [[dry season]] lasts five months, encompassing February, March (small season), June, July, and August. Temperature oscillations within the range of 20°C to 30°C are readily apparent, complemented by an annual precipitation ranging between 1200 mm and 1600 mm.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Madimba's terrestrial composition predominantly comprises two primary types: [[Sand|sandy]]-[[Clay|clayey]] and clayey-sandy. The region's topography is characterized by low hills, valleys, and high plateaus.<ref name=":0" /> Hydrographically, the Inkisi River dominates the territory. Incidentally, it is bordered by the [[Congo River]] to the north and is intersected by numerous [[Stream|watercourses]] and [[River|rivers]], including Lukusu, Luidi, Mfidi, Ngufu, Geba, Wungu, Nsele, Tau, Luvu, and Lukunga.<ref name=":0" /> The territory is well-connected with [[Waterway|waterways]], facilitating transportation and trade. Furthermore, the [[subsoil]] of Madimba is rich in valuable minerals like [[Zinc|zinc ores]], [[iron]], [[copper]], and [[mineral water]], representing a source of potential economic wealth.<ref name=":0" /> |
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== History == |
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Madimba Territory is one of the earliest administrative territories established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was created through the Ordinance of February 1, 1913, under the auspices of the [[List of colonial governors of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo|colonial governor-general]]. Initially, the territory was demarcated into six discrete [[Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|sectors]], denominated as Luidi, Ngeba, Mfidi-Malele, Ngufu, Mfuma, and Gungu.<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u1tFAAAAYAAJ |title=Bulletin Officiel du Congo Belge, Volume 6 |publisher=Princeton University |year=1913 |location=Princeton, New Jersey, United States |pages=552 |language=French}}</ref> |
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=== 2007 torrential rainfall === |
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In April 2007, [[Rain|torrential downpours]] led to the destruction of approximately thirty houses and affected two primary schools in the Ngufu sector, causing a [[humanitarian crisis]] in the surrounding villages, including Kipaku, Kituengi, Kisundi, and Kilemfu.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2007-10-04 |title=Madimba : saison de pluie, 10 villages dans une situation humanitaire préoccupante |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/sans-categorie/2007/10/04/madimba-saison-de-pluie-10-villages-dans-une-situation-humanitaire-preoccupante |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Radio Okapi |language=fr}}</ref> Sébastien Ndomba, supervisor of the ONGD (National Council of Non-Governmental Development Organisations), a [[Germany|German]] organization, reports the incident rendered 196 people homeless, comprising 65 adults and 131 children.<ref name=":1" /> |
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=== 2011 traffic accident === |
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On March 25, 2011, two people died, and 14 others were injured following a traffic accident in Kisantu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2011-03-26 |title=Accident de circulation à Kisantu: 2 morts et 14 blessés |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/en-bref/2011/03/26/accident-de-circulation-a-kisantu-2-morts-et-14-blesses |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Radio Okapi |language=fr}}</ref> The accident occurred on the Kisantu–Simula road when a large truck from Madimba Territory overturned not far from Kisantu, more than 200 kilometers east of [[Matadi]].<ref name=":2" /> |
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=== 2022 fuel tank explosion === |
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On September 14, 2022, eight people lost their lives, and twenty others sustained burns in an explosion involving a [[Tank truck|tanker truck]] in Mbuba, Madimba Territory.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2022-09-15 |title=Kongo-Central : des morts et des brulés graves à la suite de l'explosion d'un camion-citerne |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/09/15/actualite/societe/kongo-central-des-morts-et-des-brules-graves-la-suite-de-lexplosion-dun |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Radio Okapi |language=fr}}</ref> The incident occurred around 5 p.m. when the tanker overturned due to a collision with a [[Truck classification|heavy-duty vehicle]]. Subsequently, the gasoline tank began to leak, prompting the local population to rush and attempt to collect the fuel.<ref name=":3" /> The tanker exploded, resulting in the immediate loss of eight lives, including a soldier from the [[Republican Guard (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|Republican Guard]] tasked with safeguarding the SEP-Congo pipeline.<ref name=":3" /> The death toll later increased to ten by September 17.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-18 |title=Kongo-Central : le bilan de l'explosion du camion-citerne passe de 7 à 10 |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/09/18/actualite/societe/kongo-central-le-bilan-de-lexplosion-du-camion-citerne-passe-de-7-10 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Radio Okapi |language=fr}}</ref> |
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==Administrative divisions== |
==Administrative divisions== |
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Madimba Territory |
Madimba Territory is administratively divided into six [[Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|sectors]]:<ref name="Madimba-map">{{Cite map|title=Territoire de Madimba: Carte administrative |publisher=Cellule d'Analyses des Indicateurs de Développement (CAID) |url=https://www.caid.cd/cartes/29.png |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530200913/https://www.caid.cd/cartes/29.png |archive-date=30 May 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy}}</ref><ref name="CAID-1" /> |
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*[[Luidi]] |
*[[Luidi]] |
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*[[Mfidi Malele]] |
*[[Mfidi Malele]] |
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*[[Ngufu]] |
*[[Ngufu]] |
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*[[Wungu]] (south of Ngeba, north of Mfidi Malele) |
*[[Wungu]] (south of Ngeba, north of Mfidi Malele) |
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== Economy == |
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The region's economy is predominantly driven by agriculture, which serves as the central economic activity and vital source of livelihoods, sustenance, and economic stability.<ref name=":0" /> The region's main agricultural commodities include [[maize]], [[cassava]], [[Peanut|peanuts]], [[Yam (vegetable)|yams]], [[True plantains|plantains]], and [[Market garden|market garden products]], while [[Cocoa bean|cocoa]], [[coffee]], and [[Elaeis|oil palm]] are the primary [[Cash crop|cash crops]]. The area also engages in [[Animal husbandry|livestock raising]], which includes [[cattle]], [[poultry]], and [[Goat|goats]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-25 |title=Kongo-Central: lancement de la campagne de culture du manioc pour farine panifiable |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/08/25/actualite/economie/kongo-central-lancement-de-la-campagne-de-culture-du-manioc-pour |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Radio Okapi |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Nsiese |first1=Reagan |last2=Nkedi |first2=Frédéric |date=2023-04-20 |title=Kongo Central : présence des éleveurs des vaches à Kimayala, l'éclairage des autorités du territoire de Madimba - Kongo Média |url=https://kongomedia.net/2023/04/20/kongo-central-presence-des-eleveurs-des-vaches-a-kimayala-leclairage-des-autorites-du-territoire-de-madimba/ |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=kongomedia.net |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwimbi |first=Delvard |date=April 21, 2023 |title=Madimba: loin d'appartenir aux Mbororos, des éleveurs des vaches à Kimayala viennent de Kinshasa (AT) |trans-title=Madimba: far from belonging to the Mbororos, cow breeders in Kimayala come from Kinshasa (AT) |url=https://www.mediacongo.net/article-actualite-120868_madimba_loin_d_appartenir_aux_mbororos_des_eleveurs_des_vaches_a_kimayala_viennent_de_kinshasa_at.html |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=www.mediacongo.net |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Territories of Kongo Central Province]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:09, 16 February 2024
Madimba Territory | |
|---|---|
| Territoire de Madimba | |
  | |
| Country |  DR Congo |
| Province | Kongo Central |
| Capital | Madimba |
| Government | |
| • Administrator | Alphonsine Ngombe |
| Area | |
• Total | 8,260 km2 (3,190 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 463,132 |
| • Density | 56/km2 (150/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |
| Official language | French |
| National language | Kikongo |
| Climate | Cfa |
Madimba Territory is a territory in the Kongo Central Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Its seat is the town of Madimba.[1][2] The region covers an area of 8,260 square miles and is situated 100 km from Kinshasa. It spans from the Lukusu River in the north to Kintano in the west, and from the Inkisi River in the west to Kinkosi-Luidi in the southeast. The territory borders Kasangulu Territory to the northeast, Kimvula Territory to the southeast, Mbanza-Ngungu Territory to the west, and Angola to the south. Madimba Territory is home to an approximate population of 463,132 residents.[3][4][5]
Madimba Territory is home to the Kisantu Botanical Garden (Jardin botanique de Kisantu), one of the largest botanical gardens in Central Africa.[6][7] The Hôpital Saint-Luc, situated on the Nkandu plateau in Inkisi, is the region's first established medical facility.[8][9] Madimba Territory houses several higher-educational institutions, including Kubama College (Collège Kubama),[10][11] Institut Technique Industriel de Kisantu (ITI-Kisantu),[12] and Institut Luymas.[13] The territory is also home to Mbuela-Lodge, a holiday resort located near the town of Kisantu.[14]
Geography
[edit]Madimba Territory is located at a latitude of 4°9 and a longitude of 15°2, with an altitude of 210 meters above sea level. Madimba Territory experiences a humid subtropical climate with distinct seasons. The rainy season spans seven months, including September, October, November, December, January, April, and May.[6] Conversely, the dry season lasts five months, encompassing February, March (small season), June, July, and August. Temperature oscillations within the range of 20°C to 30°C are readily apparent, complemented by an annual precipitation ranging between 1200 mm and 1600 mm.[6]
Madimba's terrestrial composition predominantly comprises two primary types: sandy-clayey and clayey-sandy. The region's topography is characterized by low hills, valleys, and high plateaus.[6] Hydrographically, the Inkisi River dominates the territory. Incidentally, it is bordered by the Congo River to the north and is intersected by numerous watercourses and rivers, including Lukusu, Luidi, Mfidi, Ngufu, Geba, Wungu, Nsele, Tau, Luvu, and Lukunga.[6] The territory is well-connected with waterways, facilitating transportation and trade. Furthermore, the subsoil of Madimba is rich in valuable minerals like zinc ores, iron, copper, and mineral water, representing a source of potential economic wealth.[6]
History
[edit]Madimba Territory is one of the earliest administrative territories established in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was created through the Ordinance of February 1, 1913, under the auspices of the colonial governor-general. Initially, the territory was demarcated into six discrete sectors, denominated as Luidi, Ngeba, Mfidi-Malele, Ngufu, Mfuma, and Gungu.[15]
2007 torrential rainfall
[edit]In April 2007, torrential downpours led to the destruction of approximately thirty houses and affected two primary schools in the Ngufu sector, causing a humanitarian crisis in the surrounding villages, including Kipaku, Kituengi, Kisundi, and Kilemfu.[16] Sébastien Ndomba, supervisor of the ONGD (National Council of Non-Governmental Development Organisations), a German organization, reports the incident rendered 196 people homeless, comprising 65 adults and 131 children.[16]
2011 traffic accident
[edit]On March 25, 2011, two people died, and 14 others were injured following a traffic accident in Kisantu.[17] The accident occurred on the Kisantu–Simula road when a large truck from Madimba Territory overturned not far from Kisantu, more than 200 kilometers east of Matadi.[17]
2022 fuel tank explosion
[edit]On September 14, 2022, eight people lost their lives, and twenty others sustained burns in an explosion involving a tanker truck in Mbuba, Madimba Territory.[18] The incident occurred around 5 p.m. when the tanker overturned due to a collision with a heavy-duty vehicle. Subsequently, the gasoline tank began to leak, prompting the local population to rush and attempt to collect the fuel.[18] The tanker exploded, resulting in the immediate loss of eight lives, including a soldier from the Republican Guard tasked with safeguarding the SEP-Congo pipeline.[18] The death toll later increased to ten by September 17.[19]
Administrative divisions
[edit]Madimba Territory is administratively divided into six sectors:[20][1]
- Luidi
- Mfidi Malele
- Mfuma Kibambi
- Ngeba
- Ngufu
- Wungu (south of Ngeba, north of Mfidi Malele)
Economy
[edit]The region's economy is predominantly driven by agriculture, which serves as the central economic activity and vital source of livelihoods, sustenance, and economic stability.[6] The region's main agricultural commodities include maize, cassava, peanuts, yams, plantains, and market garden products, while cocoa, coffee, and oil palm are the primary cash crops. The area also engages in livestock raising, which includes cattle, poultry, and goats.[6][21][22][23]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Territoire de Madimba: Fiche du territoire". Cellule d'Analyses des Indicateurs de Développement (CAID). Archived from the original on 30 May 2018.
- ^ "Bas-Congo: le territoire de Madimba va souffler sur ses cent bougies" [Bas-Congo: the territory of Madimba will blow out its hundred candles]. www.mediacongo.net (in French). September 17, 2014. Retrieved 2023-09-30.
- ^ Aundagba, Jean-Marie Pangodi; Djoza, Ruphin Djolu; Ashande, Colette Masengo; Lhemba, La Blonde Mbala; Kapalata, Fabrice Kogana; Baholy, Robijaona Rahelivovololoniaina; Ngbolua, Koto-te-Nyiwa (March 2020). "Enquête sur les conditions d'hygiène dans les écoles de la sous-division de Madimba (Province de Kongo-Central) en République Démocratique du Congo" (PDF). Allresearchjournal.com (in French). p. 296. Retrieved 2023-09-30.
- ^ "Territoire de Madimba: Fiche du territoire: Données géographiques et culturelles". Cellule d'Analyses des Indicateurs de Développement (CAID). Archived from the original on 30 May 2018.
- ^ Silu, Cynthia Pululu (2017). "Problématique de l'entrepreneuriat informel dans la cite de Kisantu. Typologie basée sur le modèle des 3e" [Problem of informal entrepreneurship in the city of Kisantu. Typology based on the 3e model.] (in French). Kongo Central Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Kongo University. Retrieved 2023-09-30.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Le Territoire de Madimba" [The Madimba Territory]. Walhain.be (in French). Retrieved 2023-10-01.
- ^ "Kongo-Central : une tête d'érosion menace la route reliant la RDC à l'Angola". Radio Okapi (in French). 2023-06-05. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
- ^ "Hôpital Général de Référence St Luc, Kisantu". Ph-rdc.org (in French). 2020-02-09. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
- ^ "Kongo-Central : la morgue de l'hôpital Saint Luc de Kisantu est saturée". Radio Okapi (in French). 2022-01-05. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
- ^ "Kisantu : un enseignant meurt craie à la main dans une salle de classe". Radio Okapi (in French). 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
- ^ "Accueill". www.collegekubama.org. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
- ^ "Institut Technique industriel de kisantu (I.T.I-KISANTU)". Schoolandcollegelistings.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-09-30.
- ^ Mayala, Kimpozo (June 1, 2004). "Congo-Kinshasa: Diomi: une natte et une lampe pour un long voyage" [Congo-Kinshasa: Diomi: a mat and a lamp for a long journey]. AllAfrica (in French). Retrieved 2023-09-30.
- ^ "Kisantu : ouverture ce jeudi de « Kimvuama », le forum économique sur le développement du Kongo-Central". Radio Okapi (in French). 2022-11-17. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
- ^ Bulletin Officiel du Congo Belge, Volume 6 (in French). Princeton, New Jersey, United States: Princeton University. 1913. p. 552.
- ^ a b "Madimba : saison de pluie, 10 villages dans une situation humanitaire préoccupante". Radio Okapi (in French). 2007-10-04. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
- ^ a b "Accident de circulation à Kisantu: 2 morts et 14 blessés". Radio Okapi (in French). 2011-03-26. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
- ^ a b c "Kongo-Central : des morts et des brulés graves à la suite de l'explosion d'un camion-citerne". Radio Okapi (in French). 2022-09-15. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
- ^ "Kongo-Central : le bilan de l'explosion du camion-citerne passe de 7 à 10". Radio Okapi (in French). 2022-09-18. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
- ^ Territoire de Madimba: Carte administrative (Map). Cellule d'Analyses des Indicateurs de Développement (CAID). Archived from the original on 30 May 2018.
- ^ "Kongo-Central: lancement de la campagne de culture du manioc pour farine panifiable". Radio Okapi (in French). 2022-08-25. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
- ^ Nsiese, Reagan; Nkedi, Frédéric (2023-04-20). "Kongo Central : présence des éleveurs des vaches à Kimayala, l'éclairage des autorités du territoire de Madimba - Kongo Média". kongomedia.net (in French). Retrieved 2023-10-01.
- ^ Mwimbi, Delvard (April 21, 2023). "Madimba: loin d'appartenir aux Mbororos, des éleveurs des vaches à Kimayala viennent de Kinshasa (AT)" [Madimba: far from belonging to the Mbororos, cow breeders in Kimayala come from Kinshasa (AT)]. www.mediacongo.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
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