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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{redirect|Sweet alyssum|the 1915 American film|Sweet Alyssum (film)}}
{{redirect|Sweet alyssum|the 1915 American film|Sweet Alyssum (film)}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| image = Sweet alyssum.jpg
| image = Smagliczka nadmorska 1.jpg
| image_caption = Cultivar "White Alyssum"
| image_caption =
| genus = Lobularia (plant)
| genus = Lobularia (plant)
| species = maritima
| species = maritima
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Nicaise Auguste Desvaux|Desv.]]
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Nicaise Auguste Desvaux|Desv.]]
}}
}}
[[File:Sweet alyssum.jpg|thumb|[[Cultivar]] 'White Alyssum']]

'''''Lobularia maritima''''' [[synonym (taxonomy)|syn.]] ''Alyssum maritimum'', common name '''sweet alyssum''' or '''sweet alison''',<!-- Please don’t delete or correct this text, it is not a typo! --><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/124133/Lobularia-maritima/Details | title = RHS Plantfinder - ''Lobularia maritima''
'''''Lobularia maritima''''' ([[synonym (taxonomy)|syn.]] ''Alyssum maritimum'') is a species of low-growing flowering plant in the family [[Brassicaceae]]. Its common name is '''sweet alyssum''' or {{Not a typo|'''sweet alison'''}},<!-- Please don't delete or correct this text, it is not a typo! --><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/124133/Lobularia-maritima/Details | title = RHS Plantfinder - ''Lobularia maritima'' | accessdate = 30 April 2018}}</ref> also commonly referred to as just '''alyssum''' (from the genus ''[[Alyssum]]'' in which it was formerly classified).
| accessdate = 30 April 2018}}</ref> also commonly referred to as just '''alyssum''' (from the genus ''[[Alyssum]]'' in which it was formerly classified) is a [[species]] of low-growing [[flowering plant]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Brassicaceae]].


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The genus name ''Lobularia'' comes from a Greek word meaning "small pod", referring to the shape of the fruits. The name of the species ''maritima'' refers to its preferred coastal habitat.<ref name=AZPLA>{{cite book|last=Coombes|first=Allen J.|title=The A to Z of plant names|year=2012|publisher=Timber Press|location=USA|isbn=9781604691962|pages=312}}</ref>
The genus name ''Lobularia'' comes from a Greek word meaning 'small pod,' referring to the shape of the fruits; the obsolete ''Alyssum'' can be translated as 'lack of madness,' referencing the historical use of the herb as a treatment against [[rabies]]. The name of the species ''maritima'' refers to its preferred coastal habitat.<ref name=AZPLA>{{cite book|last=Coombes|first=Allen J.|title=The A to Z of plant names|year=2012|publisher=Timber Press|location=USA|isbn=9781604691962|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781604691962/page/312 312]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781604691962/page/312}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
<nowiki> </nowiki>Lobularia maritima is an [[annual plant]] (rarely a short-lived [[perennial plant]])<ref name="AsakawaAsakawa2001">{{cite book|author1=Bruce Asakawa|author2=Sharon Asakawa|title=California Gardener's Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ow7NMmhz5wwC|accessdate=25 November 2011|date=3 September 2001|publisher=Cool Springs Press|isbn=978-1-930604-47-6|page=22}}</ref> growing to {{convert|5|-|30|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall by {{convert|20|-|30|cm|0|abbr=on}} broad. The stem is very branched, with dense clusters of small flowers. The [[leaf|leaves]] are 1–4&nbsp;mm long and 3–5&nbsp;mm, broad, alternate, sessile, quite hairy, oval to lanceolate, with an entire margin.
Lobularia maritima is an [[annual plant]] (rarely a short-lived [[perennial plant]])<ref name="AsakawaAsakawa2001">{{cite book|author1=Bruce Asakawa|author2=Sharon Asakawa|title=California Gardener's Guide|url=https://archive.org/details/brucesharonasaka00asak|url-access=registration|accessdate=25 November 2011|date=3 September 2001|publisher=Cool Springs Press|isbn=978-1-930604-47-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/brucesharonasaka00asak/page/22 22]}}</ref> growing to {{convert|5|-|30|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall by {{convert|20|-|30|cm|0|abbr=on}} broad. The stem is very branched, with dense clusters of small flowers. The [[leaf|leaves]] are 1–4&nbsp;cm long and 3–5&nbsp;mm, broad, alternate, sessile, quite hairy, oval to lanceolate, with an entire margin.


The [[flower]]s are about {{convert|5|mm}} in diameter, sweet-smelling, with an aroma similar to that of honey, with four white rounded petals (or pink, rose-red, violet and lilac<ref name="AsakawaAsakawa2001"/>) and four sepals. The six stamens have yellow anthers. The flowers are produced throughout the growing season, or year-round in areas free of frost. They are pollinated by insects ([[entomophily]]). The fruits are numerous elongated seedpods rather hairy, oval to rounded, each containing two seeds. The dispersal of seed is effected by the wind ([[anemochory]]).
The [[flower]]s are about {{convert|5|mm}} in diameter, sweet-smelling, with an aroma similar to that of honey, with four white rounded petals (or pink, rose-red, violet. yellow and lilac<ref name="AsakawaAsakawa2001"/>) and four sepals. The six stamens have yellow anthers. The flowers are produced throughout the growing season, or year-round in areas free of frost. They are pollinated by insects ([[entomophily]]) as its sweet honey-like fragrance is attractive to bees, flower flies, stingless wasps and butterflies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sweet Alyssum, Lobularia maritima |url=https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/sweet-alyssum-lobularia-maritima/ |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Wisconsin Horticulture |language=en-US}}</ref> The fruits are numerous elongated seedpods rather hairy, oval to rounded, each containing two seeds. The dispersal of seed is affected by the wind ([[anemochory]]).


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
This plant is [[native plant|native]] to the [[Mediterranean region]], [[Macaronesia]] ([[Canary Islands]], [[Madeira]], [[Cape Verde]]) and in France in the Bay of Biscay. It is widely naturalized elsewhere in the [[temperateness|temperate]] world, including the United States. There is an endemic subspecies in the local flora of the [[Columbretes Islands]] of the western Mediterranean.<ref>[http://plants.jstor.org/specimen/ma308760-2 Paratype of Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. subsp. columbretensis R. Fern.]</ref>
This plant is [[native plant|native]] to the [[Mediterranean Basin]] and the [[Macaronesia]] region: ([[Canary Islands]], [[Madeira]], [[Cape Verde]]). It is widely naturalized elsewhere in the [[temperateness|temperate]] world, including the United States. There is an endemic subspecies in the local flora of the [[Columbretes Islands]] of the western Mediterranean.<ref>[http://plants.jstor.org/specimen/ma308760-2 Paratype of Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. subsp. columbretensis R. Fern.]</ref>


==Habitat==
==Habitat==
Line 26: Line 26:


==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
''Lobularia maritima'' is cultivated in gardens, with many horticultural varieties with purple or pink flowers. The plant is best planted in early spring, but requires little maintenance when growing. Although an [[Annual plant|annual]], it may reseed in temperate climates.<ref name="AsakawaAsakawa2001"/> It will flower more profusely if spent blooms are trimmed. When grown in [[garden]]s, it is typically used as [[groundcover]], as it rarely grows higher than {{convert|20|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall. It is also grown in cracks in paving and walls, and is especially associated with coastal locations. It prefers partial shade, and is resistant to heat and [[drought]]. Plants with darker-colored flowers do better in cooler temperatures.{{fact|date=August 2018}} ''Lobularia maritima'' has high drought and heat resistance.
''Lobularia maritima'' is cultivated in gardens, with many horticultural varieties with purple or pink flowers. The plant is best planted in early spring, but requires little maintenance when growing. Although an [[Annual plant|annual]], it may reseed in temperate climates.<ref name="AsakawaAsakawa2001"/> It will flower more profusely if spent blooms are trimmed. When grown in [[garden]]s, it is typically used as [[groundcover]], as it rarely grows higher than {{convert|20|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall. It is also grown in cracks in paving and walls, and is especially associated with coastal locations. It prefers partial shade, and is resistant to heat and [[drought]]. Plants with darker-colored flowers do better in cooler temperatures.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} ''Lobularia maritima'' has high drought and heat resistance.


===Cultivars===
===Cultivars===
(those marked {{smallcaps|agm}} have gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]’s [[Award of Garden Merit]])<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 61 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate = 25 March 2018}}</ref>
(Those marked {{smallcaps|agm}} have gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].)<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 61 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate = 25 March 2018}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* 'Snow Cloth' (white)
* 'Snow Cloth' (white)
* 'Royal Carpet' (purple)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
* 'Royal Carpet' (purple)
* 'Benthamii'
* 'Benthamii'
* 'Carpet of Snow'
* 'Carpet of Snow'
* 'Easter Bonnet Violet'
* 'Easter Bonnet Violet'
* Golf Series {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Lobularia maritima'' Golf Series|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=3408|accessdate=26 June 2013}}</ref>
* Golf Series {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Lobularia maritima'' Golf Series|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/176791/Lobularia-maritima-Golf-Series/Details| accessdate = 29 October 2020}}</ref>
* 'Little Dorrit'
* 'Little Dorrit'
* 'Navy Blue'
* 'Navy Blue'
* 'New Carpet of Snow'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
* 'New Carpet of Snow'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
* 'Oriental Nights'
* 'Oriental Nights'
* 'Rosie O’Day' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Lobularia maritima'' 'Rosie O'Day'|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=3409|accessdate=26 June 2013}}</ref>
* 'Rosie O'Day' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Lobularia maritima'' 'Rosie O'Day'|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/137390/Lobularia-maritima-Rosie-O-Day/Details | accessdate = 2 October 2020}}</ref>
* 'Snow Crystals'
* 'Snow Crystals'
* 'Snow Drift' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Lobularia maritima'' 'Snow Drift'|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=3410|accessdate=26 June 2013}}</ref>
* 'Snowdrift' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Lobularia maritima'' 'Snowdrift'|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/137391/Lobularia-maritima-Snowdrift/Details | accessdate = 2 October 2020}}</ref>
* 'Sweet White'
* 'Sweet White'
*'Tiny Tim'<ref>{{cite web|title= Alyssum Sweet Tiny Tim Seeds|url=https://botanicalinterests.com/products/view/1153/Alyssum-Sweet-Tiny-Tim-Seeds}}</ref>
*'Tiny Tim'<ref>{{cite web|title= Alyssum Sweet Tiny Tim Seeds|url=https://botanicalinterests.com/products/view/1153/Alyssum-Sweet-Tiny-Tim-Seeds}}</ref>
* 'Violet Queen' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Lobularia maritima'' 'Viollet Queen’
* 'Violet Queen' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Lobularia maritima'' 'Viollet Queen'
| url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=3411|accessdate=26 June 2013}}</ref>
| url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/137392/Lobularia-maritima-Violet-Queen/Details | accessdate = 2 October 2020}}</ref>
* 'Wonderland Copper'
* 'Wonderland Copper'
* 'Wonderland White' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Lobularia maritima'' 'Wonderland White'|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=3412|accessdate=26 June 2013}}</ref>
* 'Wonderland White' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Lobularia maritima'' 'Wonderland White'|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/137393/Lobularia-maritima-Wonderland-White/Details | accessdate = 29 October 2020}}</ref>
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}

==Uses==
The petals, leaves, and tender stems of the plant can be eaten raw or cooked.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nyerges |first1=Christopher |title=Foraging Wild Edible Plants of North America: More than 150 Delicious Recipes Using Nature's Edibles |date=2016 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4930-1499-6 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RwDHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PP15}}</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
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[[Category:Annual plants]]
[[Category:Annual plants]]
[[Category:Brassicaceae]]
[[Category:Brassicaceae]]
[[Category:Edible plants]]
[[Category:Flora of Macaronesia]]
[[Category:Flora of Macaronesia]]
[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
Line 111: Line 115:
[[Category:Groundcovers]]
[[Category:Groundcovers]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]

Latest revision as of 13:14, 17 February 2024

"Sweet alyssum" redirects here. For the 1915 American film, see Sweet Alyssum (film).

Lobularia maritima
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Lobularia
Species:
L. maritima
Binomial name
Lobularia maritima
Cultivar 'White Alyssum'

Lobularia maritima (syn. Alyssum maritimum) is a species of low-growing flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. Its common name is sweet alyssum or sweet alison,[1] also commonly referred to as just alyssum (from the genus Alyssum in which it was formerly classified).

Etymology

[edit]

The genus name Lobularia comes from a Greek word meaning 'small pod,' referring to the shape of the fruits; the obsolete Alyssum can be translated as 'lack of madness,' referencing the historical use of the herb as a treatment against rabies. The name of the species maritima refers to its preferred coastal habitat.[2]

Description

[edit]

Lobularia maritima is an annual plant (rarely a short-lived perennial plant)[3] growing to 5–30 cm (2–12 in) tall by 20–30 cm (8–12 in) broad. The stem is very branched, with dense clusters of small flowers. The leaves are 1–4 cm long and 3–5 mm, broad, alternate, sessile, quite hairy, oval to lanceolate, with an entire margin.

The flowers are about 5 millimetres (0.20 in) in diameter, sweet-smelling, with an aroma similar to that of honey, with four white rounded petals (or pink, rose-red, violet. yellow and lilac[3]) and four sepals. The six stamens have yellow anthers. The flowers are produced throughout the growing season, or year-round in areas free of frost. They are pollinated by insects (entomophily) as its sweet honey-like fragrance is attractive to bees, flower flies, stingless wasps and butterflies.[4] The fruits are numerous elongated seedpods rather hairy, oval to rounded, each containing two seeds. The dispersal of seed is affected by the wind (anemochory).

Distribution

[edit]

This plant is native to the Mediterranean Basin and the Macaronesia region: (Canary Islands, Madeira, Cape Verde). It is widely naturalized elsewhere in the temperate world, including the United States. There is an endemic subspecies in the local flora of the Columbretes Islands of the western Mediterranean.[5]

Habitat

[edit]

It is common on sandy beaches and dunes, but can also grow on cultivated fields, walls, slopes and waste ground, preferably on calcareous soil, at an altitude of 0–300 metres (0–984 ft) above sea level.

Cultivation

[edit]

Lobularia maritima is cultivated in gardens, with many horticultural varieties with purple or pink flowers. The plant is best planted in early spring, but requires little maintenance when growing. Although an annual, it may reseed in temperate climates.[3] It will flower more profusely if spent blooms are trimmed. When grown in gardens, it is typically used as groundcover, as it rarely grows higher than 20 cm (8 in) tall. It is also grown in cracks in paving and walls, and is especially associated with coastal locations. It prefers partial shade, and is resistant to heat and drought. Plants with darker-colored flowers do better in cooler temperatures.[citation needed] Lobularia maritima has high drought and heat resistance.

Cultivars

[edit]

(Those marked agm have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.)[6]

  • 'Snow Cloth' (white)
  • 'Royal Carpet' (purple)
  • 'Benthamii'
  • 'Carpet of Snow'
  • 'Easter Bonnet Violet'
  • Golf Series agm[7]
  • 'Little Dorrit'
  • 'Navy Blue'
  • 'New Carpet of Snow'      
  • 'Oriental Nights'
  • 'Rosie O'Day' agm[8]
  • 'Snow Crystals'
  • 'Snowdrift' agm[9]
  • 'Sweet White'
  • 'Tiny Tim'[10]
  • 'Violet Queen' agm[11]
  • 'Wonderland Copper'
  • 'Wonderland White' agm[12]

Uses

[edit]

The petals, leaves, and tender stems of the plant can be eaten raw or cooked.[13]

[edit]
  • Plants of Lobularia maritima
    Plants of Lobularia maritima
  • Flowers of Lobularia maritima
    Flowers of Lobularia maritima
  • Flowers of Lobularia maritima
    Flowers of Lobularia maritima
  • L. maritima, Osaka, Japan
    L. maritima, Osaka, Japan
  • Leaf of Lobularia maritima
    Leaf of Lobularia maritima

Synonyms

[edit]
  • Alyssum maritimum f. argentatum Font Quer
  • Alyssum maritimum f. crassifolium Font Quer
  • Alyssum maritimum f. densiflorum (Lange) Briq.
  • Alyssum maritimum f. densiflorum (Lange) Samp.
  • Alyssum maritimum f. virescens Font Quer
  • Alyssum maritimum var. densiflorum (Lange) Rouy & Foucaud
  • Alyssum maritimum var. genuinum Rouy & Foucaud
  • Alyssum maritimum var. lepidoides Ball
  • Alyssum maritimum var. macrophyllum Pau
  • Alyssum maritimum (L.) Lam.
  • Alyssum murcicum Sennen
  • Alyssum odoratum hort.
  • Alyssum strigulosum (Kuntze) Amo
  • Clypeola maritima L.
  • Koniga maritima var. densiflora (Lange) Rouy
  • Koniga maritima var. genuina Rouy
  • Koniga maritima var. strigulosa (Kuntze) Rouy
  • Koniga maritima (L.) R. Br. in Denham & Clapperton
  • Koniga strigulosa (Kuntze) Nyman
  • Lobularia maritima f. densiflora (Lange) Maire
  • Lobularia maritima subsp. columbretensis R. Fern.
  • Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. subsp. maritima (L.) Desv.
  • Lobularia maritima var. densiflora Lange
  • Lobularia strigulosa (Kuntze) Willk. in Willk. & Lange
  • Ptilotrichum strigulosum Kunze

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Lobularia maritima". Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  2. ^ Coombes, Allen J. (2012). The A to Z of plant names. USA: Timber Press. pp. 312. ISBN 9781604691962.
  3. ^ a b c Bruce Asakawa; Sharon Asakawa (3 September 2001). California Gardener's Guide. Cool Springs Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-930604-47-6. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
  4. ^ "Sweet Alyssum, Lobularia maritima". Wisconsin Horticulture. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  5. ^ Paratype of Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. subsp. columbretensis R. Fern.
  6. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 61. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
  7. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Lobularia maritima Golf Series". Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  8. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Lobularia maritima 'Rosie O'Day'". Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  9. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Lobularia maritima 'Snowdrift'". Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  10. ^ "Alyssum Sweet Tiny Tim Seeds".
  11. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Lobularia maritima 'Viollet Queen'". Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  12. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Lobularia maritima 'Wonderland White'". Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  13. ^ Nyerges, Christopher (2016). Foraging Wild Edible Plants of North America: More than 150 Delicious Recipes Using Nature's Edibles. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-4930-1499-6.
[edit]
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