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{{Short description|1971 protest in Stockholm, Sweden}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}} |
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{{Infobox civil conflict |
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| title = Elm Conflict |
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| ⚫ | The '''Elm Conflict''' (Swedish: ''Almstriden''), also known as the '''Battle of the Elms''' (Swedish: ''Slaget om almarna''), was a dispute and protest |
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| date = 11–12 May 1971 |
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| place = [[Kungsträdgården metro station]], [[Kungsträdgården]], [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]] |
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| causes = |
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* [[Demonstration (protest)|Demonstration]] |
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* [[Civil disobedience]] |
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* [[Picketing (protest)|Picketing]] |
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* [[Direct action]] |
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| result = Subway station moved east |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | The '''Elm Conflict''' (Swedish: ''Almstriden''), also known as the '''Battle of the Elms''' (Swedish: ''Slaget om almarna''), was a dispute and public protest on 11–12 May 1971. Organised by [[Alternativ stad]] (the Stockholm branch of [[Friends of the Earth]]), the dispute centred on the planned destruction of 13 [[Ulmus glabra|Scots elm]] trees located at the entrance to the [[Kungsträdgården metro station]] in [[Kungsträdgården]], Stockholm, Sweden. Under the elms was an outdoor coffee house, popular among the youth at the time. The Stockholm city council, supported by the Swedish government, proposed cutting down the trees to prevent damage to the nearby subway. |
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The Elm Conflict |
The Elm Conflict led to an examination of the need for citizens to have more input into the decision-making process of the city council, and received significant attention in Sweden's national media.<ref> {{cite web|url=http://su.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:197665 |title=Abstract in English of Daniel Helldén, ''Demokratin utmanas: almstriden och det politiska etablissemanget'' |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209140227/http://su.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:197665 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |url-status=dead |work=Stockholm studies in politics |location=Stockholm |publisher=Stockholm University |date=2005 |access-date=2 June 2014 }} </ref> |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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Since the 1940s a huge redevelopment scheme had been going on in Stockholm city center, [[Norrmalm]]. The idea was that the main corporations needed centrally located head offices. Already around 1960, when much of Norrmalm was a big hole, it was clear that they wouldn't, but instead of shelving the scheme the city authorities went on, to the growing opposition of many citizens.<ref> {{cite work|url=https://www.fastighetsagarna.se/globalassets/broschyrer-och-faktablad/ovrigt/norrmalmsregleringen-jan-jornmark.pdf?bustCache=1586959844984 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905083856/https://www.fastighetsagarna.se/globalassets/broschyrer-och-faktablad/ovrigt/norrmalmsregleringen-jan-jornmark.pdf?bustCache=1586959844984 |archive-date=5 September 2022 |url-status=dead |title=Jan Jörnmark |publisher=Norrmalmsregleringen}} </ref> |
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| ⚫ | In 1970, subway construction workers found a crack in the subway structure in the vicinity of the Scots elms.<ref name="almstriden3">{{cite web|url=http://www.svtplay.se/klipp/76356/tio-ar-efter-almstriden |title=Tio år efter Almstriden |language=Swedish |publisher=SVT.se |accessdate=30 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531105658/http://www.svtplay.se/klipp/76356/tio-ar-efter-almstriden |archivedate=31 May 2014 }}</ref> Officials decided that undertaking repairs would be too difficult, so they proposed cutting down the trees and placing the entrance to the new subway station at that location.<ref name="almstriden2">{{cite web|url=http://www.arkitekt.se/s22585 |title=Tehuset och almarna. Striden satte djupa spår i svensk planering. |language=Swedish |publisher=Sveriges Arkitekter |accessdate=30 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531124603/http://www.arkitekt.se/s22585 |archivedate=31 May 2014}}</ref> Stockholm parks manager Holger Blom noted that because of their age, the trees would not last much longer regardless.<ref name="almstriden4">{{cite web|url=http://www.jordensvanner.se/2013/almstriden-en-valdsam-aktion-och-en-folkfest|title=Almstriden – en våldsam aktion och en folkfest|language=Swedish|publisher=Jordens Vänner|accessdate=30 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531124822/http://www.jordensvanner.se/2013/almstriden-en-valdsam-aktion-och-en-folkfest|archive-date=31 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Stockholm politicians and technicians tried to persuade the citizens via an advertising campaign that the trees needed to be removed. The city council voted 63 to 34 in favour of removing the trees.<ref name="almstriden4"/> On 23 April 1971, Prime Minister [[Olof Palme]]'s government approved the final plans for the new subway station at Kungsträdgården.<ref name="almstriden3"/> |
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==Protests== |
==Protests== |
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On 12 May, nearly 1,000 citizens of Stockholm gathered in a demonstration against the removal of the Scots elms. Protest tents were erected in the vicinity of the trees.<ref name="almstriden2"/> |
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| ⚫ | The protests were well-organised. The protesters made phone lists (an early form of the [[smart mob]] technique of public mobilisation) in case the police entered the tent camps. Some people climbed the trees to deter workers from chopping them down.<ref name="almstriden3"/> The situation escalated when government officials started chainsawing the trees under the protection of police. At one point, [[mounted police|officers on horseback]] charged the demonstrators. Singer [[Cornelis Vreeswijk]] was present at the protest, singing songs and offering support. The protests were covered extensively in the press.<ref name="almstriden6">{{cite web|url=http://www.alternativstad.nu/Dokument/almarna11maj-bakgrund.html|title=Almarna 11 maj – Bakgrund|publisher=Alternativstad.nu|accessdate=31 May 2014|language=Swedish|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907072424/http://www.alternativstad.nu/Dokument/almarna11maj-bakgrund.html|archive-date=7 September 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Nearly a thousand Stockholm citizens gathered to demonstrate and protest on 12 May against the Scots elms being removed, and some tents were put up around the trees.<ref name="almstriden2"/> |
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| ⚫ | The protests were well-organised |
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==Aftermath== |
==Aftermath== |
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The protesters were criticised for being uncivil and undemocratic |
The protesters were criticised in the media for being uncivil and undemocratic. As a result of the protests, the entry to the new subway station was moved east to a private property at Arsenalgatan 10. Most of the Scots elms remain at the site {{as of|2014|lc=y}}, though a few were chopped down by government officials before the protesters stopped further work.<ref name="almstriden2"/> The protests and the outcome are considered a turning point in the [[redevelopment of Norrmalm]] and have contributed to more attention being paid by the Swedish government to public demands and questions.<ref name="almstriden2"/> |
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A 40th anniversary commemoration of the |
A 40th anniversary commemoration of the Elm Conflict was held on 11 May 2011.<ref name="almstriden12">{{cite AV media|url=http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=4499771|title=40 år sedan almstriden i Kungsträdgården|publisher=Sveriges Radio|language=Swedish|accessdate=21 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220149/http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=4499771|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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In May 2014 it was again decided by the current municipal leaders that the Scots elms should be chopped down. This time the decision was put on hold after strong protests and a meeting was planned by the Stockholm city council in August 2014 to brief the public on this and other development issues.<ref name="almstriden5">{{cite web|url=http://www.helahalsingland.se/sport/ridsport/almstriden-far-politiker-att-backa|title=Almstriden får politiker att backa|publisher=Helahelsingland.se|accessdate=31 May 2014}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1970s in Stockholm]] |
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[[Category:1971 in Sweden]] |
[[Category:1971 in Sweden]] |
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[[Category:Protests in Sweden]] |
[[Category:Protests in Sweden]] |
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[[Category:Environmental protests]] |
[[Category:Environmental protests]] |
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[[Category:May 1971 events in Europe]] |
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[[Category:1971 protests]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:15, 17 February 2024
| Elm Conflict | |
|---|---|
| Date | 11–12 May 1971 |
| Location | |
| Methods | |
| Resulted in | Subway station moved east |
The Elm Conflict (Swedish: Almstriden), also known as the Battle of the Elms (Swedish: Slaget om almarna), was a dispute and public protest on 11–12 May 1971. Organised by Alternativ stad (the Stockholm branch of Friends of the Earth), the dispute centred on the planned destruction of 13 Scots elm trees located at the entrance to the Kungsträdgården metro station in Kungsträdgården, Stockholm, Sweden. Under the elms was an outdoor coffee house, popular among the youth at the time. The Stockholm city council, supported by the Swedish government, proposed cutting down the trees to prevent damage to the nearby subway.
The Elm Conflict led to an examination of the need for citizens to have more input into the decision-making process of the city council, and received significant attention in Sweden's national media.[1]
Background
[edit]Since the 1940s a huge redevelopment scheme had been going on in Stockholm city center, Norrmalm. The idea was that the main corporations needed centrally located head offices. Already around 1960, when much of Norrmalm was a big hole, it was clear that they wouldn't, but instead of shelving the scheme the city authorities went on, to the growing opposition of many citizens.[2]
In 1970, subway construction workers found a crack in the subway structure in the vicinity of the Scots elms.[3] Officials decided that undertaking repairs would be too difficult, so they proposed cutting down the trees and placing the entrance to the new subway station at that location.[4] Stockholm parks manager Holger Blom noted that because of their age, the trees would not last much longer regardless.[5] Stockholm politicians and technicians tried to persuade the citizens via an advertising campaign that the trees needed to be removed. The city council voted 63 to 34 in favour of removing the trees.[5] On 23 April 1971, Prime Minister Olof Palme's government approved the final plans for the new subway station at Kungsträdgården.[3]
Protests
[edit]On 12 May, nearly 1,000 citizens of Stockholm gathered in a demonstration against the removal of the Scots elms. Protest tents were erected in the vicinity of the trees.[4]
The protests were well-organised. The protesters made phone lists (an early form of the smart mob technique of public mobilisation) in case the police entered the tent camps. Some people climbed the trees to deter workers from chopping them down.[3] The situation escalated when government officials started chainsawing the trees under the protection of police. At one point, officers on horseback charged the demonstrators. Singer Cornelis Vreeswijk was present at the protest, singing songs and offering support. The protests were covered extensively in the press.[6]
Aftermath
[edit]
The protesters were criticised in the media for being uncivil and undemocratic. As a result of the protests, the entry to the new subway station was moved east to a private property at Arsenalgatan 10. Most of the Scots elms remain at the site as of 2014[update], though a few were chopped down by government officials before the protesters stopped further work.[4] The protests and the outcome are considered a turning point in the redevelopment of Norrmalm and have contributed to more attention being paid by the Swedish government to public demands and questions.[4]
A 40th anniversary commemoration of the Elm Conflict was held on 11 May 2011.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ "Abstract in English of Daniel Helldén, Demokratin utmanas: almstriden och det politiska etablissemanget". Stockholm studies in politics. Stockholm: Stockholm University. 2005. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
- ^ Jan Jörnmark (PDF). Norrmalmsregleringen. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2022.
- ^ a b c "Tio år efter Almstriden" (in Swedish). SVT.se. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Tehuset och almarna. Striden satte djupa spår i svensk planering" (in Swedish). Sveriges Arkitekter. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
- ^ a b "Almstriden – en våldsam aktion och en folkfest" (in Swedish). Jordens Vänner. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
- ^ "Almarna 11 maj – Bakgrund" (in Swedish). Alternativstad.nu. Archived from the original on 7 September 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ 40 år sedan almstriden i Kungsträdgården (in Swedish). Sveriges Radio. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
