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'''Tin(IV) iodide''', also known as '''stannic iodide''', is the [[chemical compound]] with the [[chemical formula|formula]] SnI<sub>4</sub>. This tetrahedral molecule crystallizes as a bright orange solid that dissolves readily in nonpolar solvents such as [[benzene]].<ref>[http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/Sn/I4Sn1-7790478.html Chemistry : Periodic Table : tin : compound data [tin (IV) iodide&#93;<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
'''Tin(IV) iodide''', also known as '''stannic iodide''', is the [[chemical compound]] with the [[chemical formula|formula]] SnI<sub>4</sub>. This tetrahedral molecule crystallizes as a bright orange solid that dissolves readily in nonpolar solvents such as [[benzene]].<ref>[http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/Sn/I4Sn1-7790478.html Chemistry : Periodic Table : tin : compound data [tin (IV) iodide&#93;<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


== Preparation ==
The compound is usually prepared by the reaction of [[iodine]] and [[tin]]:<ref name=Moeller>{{cite journal |last1= Moeller|first1=T.|last2=Edwards|first2=D. C.|title= Tin(IV) Iodide (Stannic Iodide) |journal= [[Inorganic Syntheses]] |year= 1953 |volume= 4 |pages= 119–121 |doi= 10.1002/9780470132357.ch40}}</ref>

:[[tin|Sn]] + 2 [[iodine|I<sub>2</sub>]] → SnI<sub>4</sub>
The compound [[hydrolysis|hydrolyses]] in water.<ref>{{cite journal |journal= J. Chem. Educ. |author= Hickling, G. G. |title= Gravimetric analysis: The synthesis of tin iodide |year= 1990 |volume= 67 |issue= 8 |pages= 702–703 |doi= 10.1021/ed067p702 |bibcode= 1990JChEd..67..702H }}</ref> In aqueous [[hydroiodic acid]], it reacts to form a rare example of a hexaiodometallate:<ref name=Moeller/>
The compound is usually prepared by the reaction of [[iodine]] and [[tin]]:<ref name=Moeller>{{cite book |last1= Moeller|first1=T.|last2=Edwards|first2=D. C.|title= Tin(IV) Iodide (Stannic Iodide) |series= [[Inorganic Syntheses]] |year= 1953 |volume= 4 |pages= 119–121 |doi= 10.1002/9780470132357.ch40}}</ref>

:{{chem2|Sn + 2I2 -> SnI4}}

== Chemical properties ==

The compound [[hydrolysis|hydrolyses]] in water.<ref name=Hickling /> In aqueous [[hydroiodic acid]], it reacts to form a rare example of a hexaiodometallate:<ref name=Moeller/>
: SnI<sub>4</sub> + 2 [[iodide|I<sup>−</sup>]] → [SnI<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>
: SnI<sub>4</sub> + 2 [[iodide|I<sup>−</sup>]] → [SnI<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>

== Physical properties ==

Tin(IV) iodide is an orange solid under standard conditions.<ref name=Hickling>{{Cite journal |last=Hickling |first=George G. |date=Aug 1990 |title=Gravimetric analysis: The synthesis of tin iodide |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed067p702 |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |language=en |volume=67 |issue=8 |pages=702 |doi=10.1021/ed067p702 |bibcode=1990JChEd..67..702H |issn=0021-9584}}</ref> It has a cubic crystal structure with the [[space group]] ''Pa''{{overline|3}} (space group no. 205), the lattice parameter a = 1226 pm and eight formula units per [[unit cell]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Meller |first1=F. |last2=Fankuchen |first2=I. |date=1955-06-10 |title=The crystal structure of tin tetraiodide |url=https://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S0365110X55001035 |journal=Acta Crystallographica |language=en |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=343–344 |doi=10.1107/S0365110X55001035 |issn=0365-110X|doi-access=free |bibcode=1955AcCry...8..343M }}</ref> This corresponds approximately to a cubic close packing of iodine atoms in which 1/8 of all tetrahedral gaps are occupied by tin atoms. This leads to discrete tetrahedral SnI<sub>4</sub> molecules.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Wiberg |first1=Egon |title=Lehrbuch der anorganischen Chemie |last2=Wiberg |first2=Nils |date=2007 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-017770-1 |editor-last=Holleman |editor-first=Arnold F. |edition=102., stark umgearbeitete und verbesserte Auflage |location=Berlin New York |editor-last2=Fischer |editor-first2=Gerd}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 22:59, 17 February 2024

Tin(IV) iodide
Photograph of a sample of tin tetraiodide
Photograph of a sample of tin tetraiodide
Ball-and-stick model of the unit cell of tin tetraiodide
Ball-and-stick model of the unit cell of tin tetraiodide
Structure and dimensions of the tin(IV) iodide molecule
Structure and dimensions of the tin(IV) iodide molecule
Ball-and-stick model of the tin(IV) iodide molecule
Ball-and-stick model of the tin(IV) iodide molecule
Names
IUPAC name
tin(IV) iodide
Other names
tin tetraiodide
stannic iodide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.281 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 232-208-4
UNII
  • InChI=1S/4HI.Sn/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4 ☒N
    Key: QPBYLOWPSRZOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-J ☒N
  • InChI=1/4HI.Sn/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4
    Key: QPBYLOWPSRZOFX-XBHQNQODAO
  • [Sn](I)(I)(I)I
Properties
SnI4
Molar mass 626.328 g mol−1
Appearance red-orange solid
Density 4.56 g cm−3
Melting point 143 °C (289 °F; 416 K)
Boiling point 348.5 °C (659.3 °F; 621.6 K)
2.106
Structure
Cubic, cP40
Pa-3 No. 205
Related compounds
Other anions
 Tin(IV) fluoride
Tin(IV) chloride
Tin(IV) bromide
Other cations
 Carbon tetraiodide
Silicon tetraiodide
Germanium tetraiodide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Tin(IV) iodide, also known as stannic iodide, is the chemical compound with the formula SnI4. This tetrahedral molecule crystallizes as a bright orange solid that dissolves readily in nonpolar solvents such as benzene.[1]

Preparation

[edit]

The compound is usually prepared by the reaction of iodine and tin:[2]

Sn + 2I2 → SnI4

Chemical properties

[edit]

The compound hydrolyses in water.[3] In aqueous hydroiodic acid, it reacts to form a rare example of a hexaiodometallate:[2]

SnI4 + 2 I− → [SnI6]2−

Physical properties

[edit]

Tin(IV) iodide is an orange solid under standard conditions.[3] It has a cubic crystal structure with the space group Pa3 (space group no. 205), the lattice parameter a = 1226 pm and eight formula units per unit cell.[4] This corresponds approximately to a cubic close packing of iodine atoms in which 1/8 of all tetrahedral gaps are occupied by tin atoms. This leads to discrete tetrahedral SnI4 molecules.[5]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Chemistry : Periodic Table : tin : compound data [tin (IV) iodide]
  2. ^ a b Moeller, T.; Edwards, D. C. (1953). Tin(IV) Iodide (Stannic Iodide). Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 4. pp. 119–121. doi:10.1002/9780470132357.ch40.
  3. ^ a b Hickling, George G. (Aug 1990). "Gravimetric analysis: The synthesis of tin iodide". Journal of Chemical Education. 67 (8): 702. Bibcode:1990JChEd..67..702H. doi:10.1021/ed067p702. ISSN 0021-9584.
  4. ^ Meller, F.; Fankuchen, I. (1955-06-10). "The crystal structure of tin tetraiodide". Acta Crystallographica. 8 (6): 343–344. Bibcode:1955AcCry...8..343M. doi:10.1107/S0365110X55001035. ISSN 0365-110X.
  5. ^ Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (2007). Holleman, Arnold F.; Fischer, Gerd (eds.). Lehrbuch der anorganischen Chemie (102., stark umgearbeitete und verbesserte Auflage ed.). Berlin New York: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1.
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