Mangin mirror: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
MrFloatingIP (talk | contribs) |
ce |
||
| (40 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Catadioptric reflector for search lights}} |
|||
In [[optics]], a '''Mangin mirror''' is a [[catadioptric]] concave [[curved mirror]] with the reflective surface on the rear side of the glass designed to reflect light without [[spherical aberration]]. |
|||
[[File:Mangin mirror.svg|thumb|right|200px|Diagram of a Mangin mirror.]] |
|||
In [[optics]], a '''Mangin mirror''' is a [[Lens (optics)#Construction of simple lenses|negative meniscus]] lens with the reflective surface on the rear side of the glass forming a [[curved mirror]] that reflects light without [[spherical aberration]] if certain conditions are met. This reflector was invented in 1874<ref name="Laussedat18740817">{{cite book |last1=Laussedat |first1=Aimé |chapter=Sur la Télégraphie Optique |title=Compte Rendu de la 3me Session |publisher=Association Française pour l'Avancement des Sciences |location=Lille |date=17 August 1874 |page=1290 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ulc3AQAAMAAJ&dq=parabolique&pg=PA1290 |access-date=7 May 2023}}</ref> by a French officer Alphonse Mangin<ref>{{cite arXiv | eprint=0710.2165 | last1=Terebizh | first1=V. Yu. | title=Wide-field telescopes with a Mangin mirror | date=2007 | class=astro-ph }}</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/361986/Alphonse-Mangin Britannica]</ref> as an improved [[Catadioptric system|catadioptric]] reflector for [[search light]]s and is also used in other optical devices. |
|||
==Description== |
==Description== |
||
The |
The Mangin mirror's construction consists of a concave ([[Lens (optics)#Construction of simple lenses|negative meniscus]]) lens made of [[Crown glass (optics)|crown glass]] with spherical surfaces of different radii with the reflective coating on the shallower rear surface. The [[spherical aberration]] normally produced by the simple spherical mirror surface is canceled out by the opposite spherical aberration produced by the light traveling through the negative lens. Since light passes through the glass twice, the overall system acts like a [[triplet lens]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=i35NCLLiglIC&dq=mangin+mirror+was+invented+by&pg=PA65 Optical design fundamentals for infrared systems By Max J. Riedl]</ref> The Mangin mirror was invented in 1874<ref name="Laussedat18740817" /> by a French military engineer named Colonel Alphonse Mangin as a substitute for the more difficult to manufacture [[parabolic reflector|parabolic reflecting]] mirror for use in searchlights. Since the catadioptric design eliminated most of the off-axis aberration found in parabolic mirrors, Mangin mirrors had the added advantage of producing a nearly true parallel beam of light. They saw use in the late 19th century as reflectors for [[naval]] search lights. Its use in military applications was limited, since glass reflectors of any kind were thought to be too fragile and susceptible to enemy gunfire.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=TZBRAAAAMAAJ&dq=mangin+mirror+french+search+light&pg=PA62 Jean Alexandre Rey, John Henry Johnson, ''The range of electric searchlight projectors'', 1917 - page 62]</ref> |
||
==Applications== |
==Applications== |
||
[[Image:MinoltaRFRokkorX250f56text.svg|right|thumb|Example of a catadioptric lens that uses rear surfaced "mangin mirrors" (Minolta RF Rokkor-X 250mm f/5.6)]] |
|||
Mangin mirrors are used in illumination and [[image-forming optical system|image forming optics]] such as [[search light]]s, [[headlamp]]s, [[Sight (device)#Aircraft gunsights|aircraft gunsight]]s and [[head-mounted display]]s. Many [[Catadioptric system#Catadioptric telescopes| |
Mangin mirrors are used in illumination and [[image-forming optical system|image forming optics]] such as [[search light]]s, [[headlamp]]s, [[Sight (device)#Aircraft gunsights|aircraft gunsight]]s and [[head-mounted display]]s. Many [[Catadioptric system#Catadioptric telescopes|catadioptric telescopes]] use negative lenses with a reflective coating on the back surface that are referred to as "Mangin mirrors", although they are not single-element objectives like the original Mangin, and some, like the Hamiltonian telescope, predate the Mangin's invention by over 60 years.<ref>[http://www.telescope-optics.net/catadioptric_telescopes.htm Vladimir Sacek, telescope-optics.net, Notes on AMATEUR TELESCOPE OPTICS, CATADIOPTRIC TELESCOPES, 10.2.1]</ref> Catadioptric mirrors similar to the Mangin are found in the [[Klevtsov–Cassegrain telescope|Klevtsov–Cassegrain]], [[Argunov–Cassegrain telescope|Argunov–Cassegrain]] telescopes, and [[Ludwig Schupmann]]'s [[Schupmann medial telescope]].<ref name = "Sacek11_1_2">{{cite web| last = Sacek| first = Vladimir| title = 11.1.2. Schupmann "medial" telescope| work = Telescope Optics| publisher = Vladimir Sacek| date = 2006-07-14| url = http://www.telescope-optics.net/schupmann_medial_telescope.htm| access-date = 2009-07-05}}</ref> They are also used in compact [[Catadioptric system#Photographic catadioptric lenses|catadioptric photographic lens]] designs that save on mass since aberration can be corrected by the mirror, itself.<ref>[http://www.adaptall-2.org/lenses/55B.html About adaptall-2.org – the 500mm F/8 Tele-Macro Catadioptric]</ref> Mangin mirrors are also used in [[null corrector]]s, which are used to fabricate large aspheric mirrors.<ref>{{cite web |title=Advanced Techniques for Measuring Primary Mirrors for Astronomical Telescopes |author= Burge, J.H. |year=1993 |publisher=Ph.D. Thesis, University of Arizona |url=http://www.loft.optics.arizona.edu/documents/journal_articles/1993_James_Burge.pdf}} p. 168.</ref> |
||
==Notes== |
==Notes== |
||
| Line 12: | Line 15: | ||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
*[http://spie.org/x15960.xml Applications of Mangin mirrors] |
*[http://spie.org/x15960.xml Applications of Mangin mirrors] |
||
[[Category:Mirrors]] |
[[Category:Mirrors]] |
||
[[de:Manginspiegel]] |
|||
[[zh:曼京鏡]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 16:32, 19 February 2024
In optics, a Mangin mirror is a negative meniscus lens with the reflective surface on the rear side of the glass forming a curved mirror that reflects light without spherical aberration if certain conditions are met. This reflector was invented in 1874[1] by a French officer Alphonse Mangin[2][3] as an improved catadioptric reflector for search lights and is also used in other optical devices.
Description
[edit]The Mangin mirror's construction consists of a concave (negative meniscus) lens made of crown glass with spherical surfaces of different radii with the reflective coating on the shallower rear surface. The spherical aberration normally produced by the simple spherical mirror surface is canceled out by the opposite spherical aberration produced by the light traveling through the negative lens. Since light passes through the glass twice, the overall system acts like a triplet lens.[4] The Mangin mirror was invented in 1874[1] by a French military engineer named Colonel Alphonse Mangin as a substitute for the more difficult to manufacture parabolic reflecting mirror for use in searchlights. Since the catadioptric design eliminated most of the off-axis aberration found in parabolic mirrors, Mangin mirrors had the added advantage of producing a nearly true parallel beam of light. They saw use in the late 19th century as reflectors for naval search lights. Its use in military applications was limited, since glass reflectors of any kind were thought to be too fragile and susceptible to enemy gunfire.[5]
Applications
[edit]
Mangin mirrors are used in illumination and image forming optics such as search lights, headlamps, aircraft gunsights and head-mounted displays. Many catadioptric telescopes use negative lenses with a reflective coating on the back surface that are referred to as "Mangin mirrors", although they are not single-element objectives like the original Mangin, and some, like the Hamiltonian telescope, predate the Mangin's invention by over 60 years.[6] Catadioptric mirrors similar to the Mangin are found in the Klevtsov–Cassegrain, Argunov–Cassegrain telescopes, and Ludwig Schupmann's Schupmann medial telescope.[7] They are also used in compact catadioptric photographic lens designs that save on mass since aberration can be corrected by the mirror, itself.[8] Mangin mirrors are also used in null correctors, which are used to fabricate large aspheric mirrors.[9]
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Laussedat, Aimé (17 August 1874). "Sur la Télégraphie Optique". Compte Rendu de la 3me Session. Lille: Association Française pour l'Avancement des Sciences. p. 1290. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- ^ Terebizh, V. Yu. (2007). "Wide-field telescopes with a Mangin mirror". arXiv:0710.2165 [astro-ph].
- ^ Britannica
- ^ Optical design fundamentals for infrared systems By Max J. Riedl
- ^ Jean Alexandre Rey, John Henry Johnson, The range of electric searchlight projectors, 1917 - page 62
- ^ Vladimir Sacek, telescope-optics.net, Notes on AMATEUR TELESCOPE OPTICS, CATADIOPTRIC TELESCOPES, 10.2.1
- ^ Sacek, Vladimir (2006-07-14). "11.1.2. Schupmann "medial" telescope". Telescope Optics. Vladimir Sacek. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
- ^ About adaptall-2.org – the 500mm F/8 Tele-Macro Catadioptric
- ^ Burge, J.H. (1993). "Advanced Techniques for Measuring Primary Mirrors for Astronomical Telescopes" (PDF). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Arizona. p. 168.