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Coordinates: 45°25′45″N 21°37′16″E / 45.429085°N 21.621184°E / 45.429085; 21.621184
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| image =
| image =
| caption =
| caption =
| alt_names = Berzobis, Berzobia, Bersobia
| alt_names = Berzobis, Berzobia, Bersobia, Bersovia
| known_as =
| known_as = Castra of Berzobia, Castra of Jidovin
*Castra of Berzobia
*Castra of Jidovin <ref name="protase">[http://www.muzeulbanatului.ro/publicatii/anale_10_04.pdf Dumitru Protase: ''Castrul legiunii IIII Flavia de la Berzovia. Săpăturile arheologice din anii 1965–1968'']</ref>
| built_during_reign_of =
| built_during_reign_of =
| founded = 2nd century AD<ref name="lmi"/><ref name="ran"/>
| founded = 2nd century AD
| abandoned = 3rd century AD<ref name="lmi"/><ref name="ran"/>
| abandoned = 3rd century AD
| attested_by = [[Tabula Peutingeriana]]
| attested_by =[[Tabula Peutingeriana]], [[Ravenna Cosmography]]
| previous_fortification = [[Dacians|Dacian]]
| previous_fortification = [[Dacians|Dacian]]
| type =
| type =
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| robust_struct_technique=
| robust_struct_technique=
| robust_struct_towers =
| robust_struct_towers =
| weak_struct_material = Wood and earth <ref name="protase"/>
| weak_struct_material = Wood and earth
| weak_struct_built_during_reign_of =
| weak_struct_built_during_reign_of =
| weak_struct_built =
| weak_struct_built =
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| weak_struct_dim1 = 490
| weak_struct_dim1 = 490
| weak_struct_dim2 = 410
| weak_struct_dim2 = 410
| weak_struct_area = 20 <ref name="protase"/><ref name="luca"/>
| weak_struct_area = 20
| weak_struct_shape =
| weak_struct_shape =
| weak_struct_towers =
| weak_struct_towers =
| commanders =
| commanders =
| legions =
| legions =
[[Legio IV Flavia Felix|IV Flavia Felix]] <ref name="protase"/><ref name="luca">[http://arheologie.ulbsibiu.ro/publicatii/bibliotheca/banat%20repertoriu%20mare/repertoriubanat.pdf Descoperiri Arheologice din Banatul Românesc, de Prof.univ.dr.Sabin Adrian Luca]</ref><ref>[http://www.muzeulbanatului.ro/istorie/publicatii/analele_banatului_2007/A.,%20L.%20Flutur.pdf O pensetă chirurgicală și un bronz din castrul Bersobis, Alexandru Flutur și Liana Flutur]</ref><ref>[http://www.banaterra.eu/romana/biblioteca_banat/articole/Bogdan%20Muscalu_Dacia%20si%20Pannonia%20Inferior%20in%20cadrul%20evenimentelor%20din%20anii%20107-108.pdf Dacia și Pannonia Inferior în cadrul evenimentelor din anii 107-108, Prof.dr. Bogdan Muscalu]</ref>
[[Legio IV Flavia Felix|IV Flavia Felix]]<ref name="luca">{{Cite web |url=http://arheologie.ulbsibiu.ro/publicatii/bibliotheca/banat%20repertoriu%20mare/repertoriubanat.pdf |title=Descoperiri Arheologice din Banatul Românesc, de Prof.univ.dr.Sabin Adrian Luca |access-date=2011-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722211955/http://arheologie.ulbsibiu.ro/publicatii/bibliotheca/banat%20repertoriu%20mare/repertoriubanat.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.muzeulbanatului.ro/istorie/publicatii/analele_banatului_2007/A.,%20L.%20Flutur.pdf O pensetă chirurgicală și un bronz din castrul Bersobis, Alexandru Flutur și Liana Flutur]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.banaterra.eu/romana/biblioteca_banat/articole/Bogdan%20Muscalu_Dacia%20si%20Pannonia%20Inferior%20in%20cadrul%20evenimentelor%20din%20anii%20107-108.pdf Dacia și Pannonia Inferior în cadrul evenimentelor din anii 107-108, Prof.dr. Bogdan Muscalu]</ref>
| cohorts =
| cohorts =
| alae =
| alae =
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| limes =
| limes =
| links =
| links =

| latitude = 45.428009
| longitude = 21.623392
| altitude_m = 137
| altitude_m = 137
| map = Romania
| map = Romania
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| location_state =
| location_state =
| location_country = {{ROU}}
| location_country = {{ROU}}
⚫
| iso_region =
| ref:UK:OSNG =
| ref:UK:OSNG =
| ref:RO:LMI = CS-I-s-A-10785<ref name="lmi">{{cite web|url=http://www.cultura.abt.ro/Files/GenericFiles/LMI-2010.pdf|publisher=Ministerul Culturii şi Patrimoniului Naţional|title= Lista Monumentelor Istorice 2010 ("2010 List of Historic Monuments")|work=Monitorul Oficial al României, Partea I, Nr. 670 ("Romania's Official Journal, Part I, Nr. 670"), page 877|date=01-10-2010|author=|accessdate=04-01-2013}}</ref>
| ref:RO:LMI = CS-I-s-A-10785<ref name="lmi">{{cite web|url=http://www.cultura.abt.ro/Files/GenericFiles/LMI-2010.pdf |publisher=Ministerul Culturii şi Patrimoniului Naţional |title=Lista Monumentelor Istorice 2010 ("2010 List of Historic Monuments") |work=Monitorul Oficial al României, Partea I, Nr. 670 ("Romania's Official Journal, Part I, Nr. 670"), page 877 |date=1 October 2010 |accessdate=4 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610112533/http://www.cultura.abt.ro/Files/GenericFiles/LMI-2010.pdf |archivedate=10 June 2012 }}</ref>
| ref:RO:RAN = 51519.01<ref name="ran">{{cite web|url=http://ran.cimec.ro/sel.asp?lang=EN&descript=berzovia-berzovia-caras-severin-castrul-legiunii-a-iv-a-flavia-felix-si-asezarea-romana-de-la-berzovia-cod-sit-ran-51519.01|publisher=ran.cimec.ro|title=51519.01|work=National Archaeological Record of Romania (RAN)|date=2012-07-22|author=|accessdate=04-01-2013}}</ref>
| ref:RO:RAN = 51519.01<ref name="ran">{{cite web|url=http://ran.cimec.ro/sel.asp?lang=EN&descript=berzovia-berzovia-caras-severin-castrul-legiunii-a-iv-a-flavia-felix-si-asezarea-romana-de-la-berzovia-cod-sit-ran-51519.01|publisher=ran.cimec.ro|title=51519.01|work=National Archaeological Record of Romania (RAN)|date=2012-07-22|accessdate=4 January 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070238/http://ran.cimec.ro/sel.asp?lang=EN&descript=berzovia-berzovia-caras-severin-castrul-legiunii-a-iv-a-flavia-felix-si-asezarea-romana-de-la-berzovia-cod-sit-ran-51519.01|archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref>
| ref:RO:SIRUTA =
| ref:RO:SIRUTA =
| discovery_year =
| discovery_year =
| condition = Ruined
| condition = Ruined
| controlled_by =
| controlled_by =
| excavations =
| excavations = 1862–1866 1961–1962 1965–1968 1969–1970 1998–1999 2000–2001
⚫
| archaeologists =
*1862–1866 <ref name="protase"/>
*1961–1962 <ref name="protase"/>
*1965–1968 <ref name="protase"/>
*1969–1970 <ref name="protase"/>
*1998–1999 <ref name="protase"/>
*2000–2001 <ref name="protase"/>
| archaeologists =
*[[Vincențiu Babeș]] <ref name="protase"/>
*[[Adrian Diaconovici]] <ref name="protase"/>
*[[Marius Moga (archeologist)|Marius Moga]] <ref name="protase"/>
*[[Octavian Răuț]] <ref name="protase"/>
*[[Florin Medeleț]] <ref name="protase"/>
*[[Richard Petrovszky]] <ref name="protase"/>
*[[Ovidiu Bozu]] <ref name="protase"/>
*[[Alexandru Flutur]] <ref name="protase"/>
*[[Vasile Voișian]] <ref name="protase"/>
*[[Dumitru Protase]] <ref name="bibiografie Protase">[http://www.history-cluj.ro/Istorie/Ro/Bibliografia_stiintifica.htm#PROTASE,%20DUMITRU Bibliografia lucrărilor științifice ale membrilor Institutului de Istorie din Cluj (1920-2005)]</ref>


| exhibitions =
| exhibitions =
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}}
}}


'''Bersobis''' was an ancient Dacian fortress conquered in [[Trajan's Dacian Wars]] with the Romans. It became
'''Bersobis''' was a [[castra|fort]] in the [[Roman province]] of [[Roman Dacia|Dacia]] in the 2nd and 3rd&nbsp;centuries AD.<ref name="lmi"/><ref name="ran"/> On 1968, here was found a [[Imperial helmet|Weisenau-Haguenau helmet]].<ref name="protase"/>
a [[castra|legionary fortress]] in the [[Roman province]] of [[Roman Dacia|Dacia]] in the 2nd century AD.<ref name="lmi"/><ref name="ran"/> It is located near the town of [[Berzovia]], Romania.

{{stack|[[File:Western Dacia.png|thumb|Western Dacia]]}}
[[File:Bersobis plan.png|thumb|Bersobis plan]]

The legion [[Legio IV Flavia Felix]] built its legionary fortress and base here in about 108 AD which endured till 118/9.<ref>Berzovia–Berzobis http://legionaryfortresses.info/berzovia.htm</ref> It was built in an enclosure with earth and wooden ramparts and with a single defensive trench outside. The ''principia'' (headquarters), after the first wooden phase, were rebuilt in stone on the same site. A fire later destroyed it, without being rebuilt. In 118/9 the legion returned to its old south-Danube garrison at [[Singidunum]] and a civilian settlement developed on the site of the fort and its ''[[canabae]]''<ref name="protase">{{Cite web |url=http://www.muzeulbanatului.ro/publicatii/anale_10_04.pdf |title=Dumitru Protase: ''Castrul legiunii IIII Flavia de la Berzovia. Săpăturile arheologice din anii 1965–1968'' |access-date=2011-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310131903/http://www.muzeulbanatului.ro/publicatii/anale_10_04.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which became a city and ''[[municipium]]''.

The city became wealthy through trade due to its location on the crossroads from [[Arcidava]] (Vărădia) and Mudava (Moldova Veche).<ref>Touristic route no. 4: The Romans’ Roads (I) https://banatul-montan.ro/en/the-romans-roads-i/</ref> A road from Mudava passed through the Roman mining centres from [[Moldova Noua]] to Sasca, and from there to Ciclova and Oraviţa, continuing through Maidan, Dognecea and Bocşa ending at Bersobis. A Roman road continued for 12 miles (17 km) to the next Roman fort of [[Azizis]].

The defensive ditch can be seen on the “Erinii road” as well as the traces of town houses.

In 1968 an [[Imperial helmet]] was found here.


==See also==
==See also==
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==External links==
==External links==
*[http://maps.google.com/maps?q=http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/download.php?Number=1274893&t=k&om=1 Roman castra from Romania - Google Maps] / [http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showflat.php/Cat/0/Number/1274893/Main/1274893 Earth]
*[https://maps.google.com/maps?q=http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/download.php?Number=1274893&t=k&om=1 Roman castra from Romania - Google Maps] / [http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showflat.php/Cat/0/Number/1274893/Main/1274893 Earth] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121205025930/http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showflat.php/Cat/0/Number/1274893/Main/1274893 |date=2012-12-05 }}


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{coord|45|25|59|N|21|36|54|E|source:kolossus-rowiki|display=title}}
{{coord|45.429085|N|21.621184|E||display=title}}


[[Category:Roman Dacia]]
[[Category:Roman Dacia]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Romania]]
[[Category:Roman legionary fortresses in Romania]]
[[Category:Ancient Roman forts in Romania]]
[[Category:History of Banat]]
[[Category:Historic monuments in Caraș-Severin County]]

Latest revision as of 23:40, 21 February 2024

Bersobis
Bersobis is located in Romania
Bersobis
Location within Romania
Alternative name(s)Berzobis, Berzobia, Bersobia, Bersovia
Known also asCastra of Berzobia, Castra of Jidovin
Founded2nd century AD
Abandoned3rd century AD
Attested byTabula Peutingeriana, Ravenna Cosmography
Previous fortificationDacian
Place in the Roman world
ProvinceDacia
Administrative unitDacia Apulensis
Administrative unitDacia Superior
Structure
— Wood and earth structure —
Size and area490 m × 410 m (20 ha)
Stationed military units
— Legions —
IV Flavia Felix[1][2][3]
Location
Altitude137 m (449 ft)
TownBerzovia
CountyCaraș-Severin
Country Romania
Reference
RO-LMICS-I-s-A-10785[4]
RO-RAN51519.01[5]
Site notes
Recognition National Historical Monument
ConditionRuined
Excavation dates1862–1866 1961–1962 1965–1968 1969–1970 1998–1999 2000–2001

Bersobis was an ancient Dacian fortress conquered in Trajan's Dacian Wars with the Romans. It became a legionary fortress in the Roman province of Dacia in the 2nd century AD.[4][5] It is located near the town of Berzovia, Romania.

Western Dacia
Bersobis plan

The legion Legio IV Flavia Felix built its legionary fortress and base here in about 108 AD which endured till 118/9.[6] It was built in an enclosure with earth and wooden ramparts and with a single defensive trench outside. The principia (headquarters), after the first wooden phase, were rebuilt in stone on the same site. A fire later destroyed it, without being rebuilt. In 118/9 the legion returned to its old south-Danube garrison at Singidunum and a civilian settlement developed on the site of the fort and its canabae[7] which became a city and municipium.

The city became wealthy through trade due to its location on the crossroads from Arcidava (Vărădia) and Mudava (Moldova Veche).[8] A road from Mudava passed through the Roman mining centres from Moldova Noua to Sasca, and from there to Ciclova and Oraviţa, continuing through Maidan, Dognecea and Bocşa ending at Bersobis. A Roman road continued for 12 miles (17 km) to the next Roman fort of Azizis.

The defensive ditch can be seen on the “Erinii road” as well as the traces of town houses.

In 1968 an Imperial helmet was found here.

See also

[edit]
[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "Descoperiri Arheologice din Banatul Românesc, de Prof.univ.dr.Sabin Adrian Luca" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2011-08-01.
  2. ^ O pensetă chirurgicală și un bronz din castrul Bersobis, Alexandru Flutur și Liana Flutur[permanent dead link‍]
  3. ^ Dacia și Pannonia Inferior în cadrul evenimentelor din anii 107-108, Prof.dr. Bogdan Muscalu
  4. ^ a b "Lista Monumentelor Istorice 2010 ("2010 List of Historic Monuments")" (PDF). Monitorul Oficial al României, Partea I, Nr. 670 ("Romania's Official Journal, Part I, Nr. 670"), page 877. Ministerul Culturii şi Patrimoniului Naţional. 1 October 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  5. ^ a b "51519.01". National Archaeological Record of Romania (RAN). ran.cimec.ro. 2012-07-22. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  6. ^ Berzovia–Berzobis http://legionaryfortresses.info/berzovia.htm
  7. ^ "Dumitru Protase: Castrul legiunii IIII Flavia de la Berzovia. Săpăturile arheologice din anii 1965–1968" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-10. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
  8. ^ Touristic route no. 4: The Romans’ Roads (I) https://banatul-montan.ro/en/the-romans-roads-i/

45°25′45″N 21°37′16″E / 45.429085°N 21.621184°E / 45.429085; 21.621184

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