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{{short description|Stage assistant and wife of Harry Houdini}}
{{Short description|Stage assistant and wife of Harry Houdini (1876–1943)}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=January 2009}}

{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Bess Houdini
| name = Bess Houdini
| image = Houdinibessbio.jpg
| image = Houdinibessbio.jpg
| caption = Houdini in the early 1900s
| image_size =
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| birth_name = Wilhelmina Beatrice Rahner
| caption =
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1876|1|23}}
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| birth_name = Wilhelmina Beatrice Rahner
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| birth_place = [[Brooklyn]], New York, U.S.
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1876|1|23}}
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|1943|2|11|1876|1|22}}
⚫
| birth_place = [[Brooklyn]], New York, U.S.
⚫
| death_place = [[Needles, California]], U.S.
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|1943|2|11|1876|1|22}}
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| resting_place = [[Gate of Heaven Cemetery (Hawthorne, New York)|Gate of Heaven Cemetery]], [[Hawthorne, New York]], U.S.
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| death_place = [[Needles, California]], U.S.
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| spouse = {{marriage|[[Harry Houdini]]|1894|1926|end=died}}
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| resting_place = [[Gate of Heaven Cemetery (Hawthorne, New York)]]
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| spouse = {{marriage|[[Harry Houdini]]|1894|1926|end=died}}
}}
}}


'''Wilhelmina Beatrice Rahner''' (January 23, 1876 &ndash; February 11, 1943), better known as '''Bess Houdini''', was an American stage assistant and wife of [[Harry Houdini]].<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/272947/Harry-Houdini?source=ONTHISDAY |title=Harry Houdini |work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |accessdate=March 24, 2014}}</ref>
'''Wilhelmina Beatrice''' "'''Bess'''" '''Houdini''' ([[née]] '''Rahner'''; January 23, 1876 – February 11, 1943) was an American stage assistant and wife of [[Harry Houdini]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harry-Houdini |title=Harry Houdini |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]| date=1999 |access-date=March 24, 2014}}</ref>


==Biography==
== Biography ==


[[File:The Houdinis, Harry, Bessie introducing the only and original. LCCN2014636901.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|1895 poster for The Houdinis]]
[[File:The Houdinis, Harry, Bessie introducing the only and original. LCCN2014636901.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|1895 poster for The Houdinis]]
Wilhelmina Beatrice Rahner was born in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]] (before New York City was consolidated) in 1876 to [[Germans|German]] immigrants Gebhard Rahner (a cabinet maker) and Balbina Rahner (née Bugel).
Wilhelmina Beatrice Rahner was born in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]] (before New York City was consolidated), in 1876 to German immigrants Gebhard Rahner (a cabinet maker) and Balbina Rahner (née Bugel).

⚫
Bess was working at [[Coney Island]] in a song and dance act called The Floral Sisters when she was first courted by Houdini's younger brother, Theo (a.k.a. [[Theodore Hardeen]]). But it was the older Houdini brother, Harry, that she fell in love with and married on June 22, 1894.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2011/01/this-weekend-we-are-wild-about-bess.html|title=This weekend we are Wild About Bess|access-date=January 22, 2011}}</ref> The pair worked as The Houdinis for several years before Houdini hit it big as The Handcuff King. But he and Bess continued to occasionally perform their signature trick, [[Metamorphosis (illusion)|Metamorphosis]], throughout his career. Bess also looked after their menagerie of pets, collected dolls, and made the costumes for Houdini's full evening roadshow.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2011/04/dorothy-young-remembers-her-days-with.html|title=Dorothy Young remembers her days with Houdini|access-date=April 2, 2011}}</ref> The Houdinis remained childless throughout their marriage. Bess's niece, Marie Hinson Blood, said Bess suffered from a medical condition that prevented her from having children.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2011/07/problem-with-bessie.html|title=Wild About Harry|access-date=April 15, 2018}}</ref>

⚫
After Houdini died on October 31, 1926, Bess opened a [[tea house]] in New York, and briefly performed a [[vaudeville]] act in which she froze a man in ice.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2011/01/bess-and-frozen-man.html|title=Bess and the frozen man|access-date=January 23, 2011}}</ref>


⚫
She moved to [[Inwood, Manhattan]], and would try to contact Harry during seances, with a code that only the two of them knew about, to be sure that the spirit medium was not a fraud.<ref name="Inwood Seance">{{cite web |title=Inwood Resident Discovers the Magic of Inwood Manhattan |url=https://inwoodmanhattan.com/inwood-resident-discovers-the-magic-of-inwood-manhattan/ |website=Inwood Manhattan |date=14 August 2018 |access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref> The code was: "Rosabelle – answer – tell – pray answer – look – tell – answer answer – tell."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2012/03/22164309/p23.pdf|title=The Day Houdini (Almost) Came Back from the Dead|access-date=September 6, 2023}}</ref>
⚫
Bess was working at [[Coney Island]] in a song and dance act called The Floral Sisters when she was first courted by Houdini's younger brother, Theo (aka [[Theodore Hardeen]]). But it was the older Houdini brother, Harry, that she fell in love with and married on June 22, 1894.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2011/01/this-weekend-we-are-wild-about-bess.html|title=This weekend we are Wild About Bess|accessdate=January 22, 2011}}</ref> The pair worked as The Houdinis for several years before Houdini hit it big as The Handcuff King. But he and Bess continued to occasionally perform their signature trick, Metamorphosis, throughout his career. Bess also looked after their menagerie of pets, collected dolls, and made the costumes for Houdini's full evening roadshow.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2011/04/dorothy-young-remembers-her-days-with.html|title=Dorothy Young remembers her days with Houdini|accessdate=April 2, 2011}}</ref> The Houdinis remained childless throughout their marriage. Bess's niece, Marie Hinson Blood, said Bess suffered from a medical condition that prevented her from having children.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2011/07/problem-with-bessie.html|title=Wild About Harry|accessdate=April 15, 2018}}</ref>


"Rosabelle" was the name of the song Bess sang in her act when they first met, and the word was also inscribed inside her wedding band. The other words correspond to elements of the secret spelling code they had devised to pass information during a mentalism act, with suitable pauses between cues. Each word or word pair equals a letter: A (or 1) was represented by PRAY, B (2) by ANSWER, C (3) by SAY, D by NOW, E by TELL, F by PLEASE, G by SPEAK, H by QUICKLY, I by LOOK and J (number 10, or 0 in combination) by BE QUICK. So the word "answer" on its own indicated "B", while the 22nd letter of the alphabet ("V") was represented by "answer answer". Hence the Houdinis' secret phrase spelled out the word "BELIEVE".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.magictricks.com/houdini-seance.html|title=Harry Houdini Annual Séances - Will His Spirit Return? {{!}} MagicTricks.com Library|website=www.magictricks.com|access-date=2020-03-27}}</ref>
⚫
After Houdini died on October 31, 1926, Bess opened a [[tea house]] in New York, and briefly performed a vaudeville act in which she froze a man in ice.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2011/01/bess-and-frozen-man.html|title=Bess and the frozen man|accessdate=January 23, 2011}}</ref>


⚫
In the 1930s she moved to [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]], California, and worked to promote Houdini's memory along with her manager and partner, Edward Saint. On Halloween 1936, Bess and Saint conducted a "Final Houdini Séance" on the roof of the Knickerbocker Hotel in Hollywood. At the conclusion of the failed séance, beside a photograph of Houdini, she put out the candle that was said to have burned for ten years. In 1943 she said "ten years [was] long enough to wait for any man."<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Harry Houdini|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774270,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081214170114/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774270,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 14, 2008|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=February 15, 1943|access-date=2008-07-31}}</ref>
⚫
She moved to [[Inwood, Manhattan]] and would try to contact Harry during seances, with a code that only Harry and Bessie knew about, to be sure that the spirit medium was not a fraud.<ref name="Inwood Seance">{{cite web |title=Inwood Resident Discovers the Magic of Inwood Manhattan |url=https://inwoodmanhattan.com/inwood-resident-discovers-the-magic-of-inwood-manhattan/ |website=Inwood Manhattan |accessdate=24 February 2019}}</ref> The code was: Rosabelle – answer – tell – pray – answer – look – tell – answer – answer – tell. Bess' wedding band bore the inscription "Rosabelle", the name of the song she sang in her act when they first met. The other words correspond to a secret spelling code used to pass information between a magician and his assistant during a mentalism act. Each word or word pair equals a letter. The word "answer" stood for the letter "B", for example."Answer, answer" stood for the letter "V". Thus, the Houdinis' secret phrase spelled out the word "BELIEVE".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.magictricks.com/houdini-seance.html|title=Harry Houdini Annual Séances - Will His Spirit Return? {{!}} MagicTricks.com Library|website=www.magictricks.com|access-date=2020-03-27}}</ref>


⚫
After the 1936 séance, Bess asked [[Walter B. Gibson]]—writer of the mystery series ''[[The Shadow]]'' and a friend, confidant, publicist and [[ghostwriter]] for Houdini—to carry on the yearly tribute. He held them for many years at New York's [[Magic Towne House]] with such magical notables as Houdini biographer [[Milbourne Christopher]]. Before he died, Gibson passed on the tradition<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blueridgegazette.blogspot.com/2006/05/houdini-museum.html|title=Houdini Museum|access-date=January 22, 2011}}</ref> to [[Dorothy Dietrich]].<ref>{{cite web|title=TNSJournal|first=Michael|last=Williams|access-date=October 29, 2014|url=http://tnsjournal.com/culture/annual-houdini-seance-held-halloween|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318160522/http://tnsjournal.com/culture/annual-houdini-seance-held-halloween/|archive-date=March 18, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
⚫
In the 1930s she moved to [[Hollywood]], California, and worked to promote Houdini's memory along with her manager and partner, Edward Saint. On [[Halloween]] 1936, Bess and Saint conducted a "Final Houdini Séance" on the roof of the Knickerbocker Hotel in Hollywood. At the conclusion of the failed séance, beside a photograph of Houdini, she put out the candle that was said to have burned for ten years. In 1943 she said "ten years [was] long enough to wait for any man."<ref>{{cite news|title=Harry Houdini|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774270,00.html|quote=The late, great prestidigitator Harry Houdini, famed foe of phony mediums, and his wife Beatrice agreed before his death to try to get in touch with each other afterwards. Gravely ill last week in Hollywood, his widow announced that she had not only given up trying but had her doubts about the existence of a hereafter. She had held seances every year for ten years, unsuccessfully. "Ten years," observed patient Mrs. Houdini last week, "is long enough to wait for any man."|work=[[TIME (magazine)|TIME]]|date=February 15, 1943|accessdate=2008-07-31}}</ref>


⚫
Bess Houdini died from a heart attack on February 11, 1943, while in [[Needles, California]], aboard an eastbound train traveling from Los Angeles to New York City. She was 67 years old.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2013/09/audio-marie-hinson-remembers-death-of.html|title=AUDIO: Marie Hinson remembers the death of her sister Bess Houdini=September 2, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Death of Bess Houdini|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774340,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081214170022/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774340,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 14, 2008|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=February 22, 1943|access-date=2008-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mrs. Harry Houdini. For Ten Years Tried to Hear From Him From Spirit World. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1943/02/12/archives/mrs-harr-houdini-widow-of-magician-for-ten-years-triedto-hear-from.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=February 12, 1943|access-date=2008-07-31}}</ref> Her family would not allow her to be interred with her late husband at the [[Machpelah Cemetery (Queens, New York)|Machpelah Cemetery]] in [[Queens|Queens, New York]], as she had been raised a [[Roman Catholic]] and he was a [[Jew]]. She is interred instead at [[Gate of Heaven Cemetery]] in [[Hawthorne, New York]].
⚫
After the 1936 séance, Bess asked [[Walter B. Gibson]]—writer of the mystery series ''[[The Shadow]]'' and a friend, confidant, publicist and [[ghostwriter]] for Houdini—to carry on the yearly tribute. He held them for many years at New York's [[Magic Towne House]] with such magical notables as Houdini biographer [[Milbourne Christopher]]. Before he died, Gibson passed on the tradition<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blueridgegazette.blogspot.com/2006/05/houdini-museum.html|title=Houdini Museum|accessdate=January 22, 2011}}</ref> to [[Dorothy Dietrich]].<ref>{{cite web|title=TNSJournal|first=Michael|last=Williams|accessdate=October 29, 2014|url=http://tnsjournal.com/culture/annual-houdini-seance-held-halloween|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318160522/http://tnsjournal.com/culture/annual-houdini-seance-held-halloween/|archive-date=March 18, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>


== Houdini in popular culture ==
⚫
Bess Houdini died from a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]] on February 11, 1943 while in [[Needles, California]], aboard an eastbound train traveling from Los Angeles to New York City. She was 67 years old.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2013/09/audio-marie-hinson-remembers-death-of.html|title=AUDIO: Marie Hinson remembers the death of her sister Bess Houdini=September 2, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Death of Bess Houdini|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774340,00.html|quote=Beatrice Rahner Houdini, 67, widow of Prestidigitator Harry Houdini, famed escape artist, exposer of phony mediums; of a heart ailment; in Needles, Calif., aboard an eastbound train from Los Angeles|work=[[TIME (magazine)|TIME]]|date=February 22, 1943|accessdate=2008-07-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mrs. Harry Houdini. For Ten Years Tried to Hear From Him From Spirit World. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1943/02/12/archives/mrs-harr-houdini-widow-of-magician-for-ten-years-triedto-hear-from.html|quote=Mrs. Harry Houdini, widow of the magician, died tonight aboard a train taking her to New York. Her age was 67.|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=February 12, 1943|accessdate=2008-07-31}}</ref> Her family would not allow her to be interred with her late husband at the [[Machpelah Cemetery (Queens, New York)|Machpelah Cemetery]] in [[Queens, New York]] as she had been raised a [[Roman Catholic]] and he was a [[Jew]]. She is interred instead at [[Gate of Heaven Cemetery]] in [[Hawthorne, New York]].
⚫
=== In film ===
⚫
Bess Houdini appeared as herself in the 1938 film ''Religious Racketeers'' (a.k.a. ''Mystic Circle Murder'') directed by Frank O'Conner and produced by Fanchon Royer. In the film, she expressed her belief that communication with those who have died is impossible. The film sparked controversy among spiritualists, but was praised by magicians. It was released on DVD in 2006 by Alpha Video.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2011/04/when-madame-houdini-spoke.html |title = When Madame Houdini spoke|access-date = April 12, 2011}}</ref>


⚫
Bess has been portrayed in film by [[Janet Leigh]] (''[[Houdini (1953 film)|Houdini]]'', 1953), [[Sally Struthers]] (''[[The Great Houdini (film)|The Great Houdini]]'', 1976), [[Stacy Edwards]] ([[Houdini (1998 film)|''Houdini'']], 1998), and [[Kristen Connolly]] (''[[Houdini (miniseries)|Houdini]]'', 2014). On stage, she has been played by Judith Bruce (''Man of Magic'', 1966), Viviane Thomas (''Houdini – A Circus Opera'', 1979), Kim Lores (''The Great Houdini'', 1999), and [[Evanna Lynch]] ("Houdini", 2013).<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2011/01/women-who-have-played-bess.html |title = The women who have played Bess|access-date = January 23, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2013/06/uk-houdini-play-announces-full-cast.html |title = UK Houdini play announces full cast|access-date = June 26, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://irishpost.co.uk/interview-harry-potter-star-evanna-lynch/|title = Interview: Harry Potter star Evanna Lynch on becoming Harry Houdini's wife|access-date = January 24, 2016|archive-date = October 22, 2017|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171022090040/http://irishpost.co.uk/interview-harry-potter-star-evanna-lynch/|url-status = dead}}</ref>
⚫
==In film==
⚫
Bess Houdini appeared as herself in the 1938 film ''Religious Racketeers'' (a.k.a. ''Mystic Circle Murder'') directed by Frank O'Conner and produced by Fanchon Royer. In the film, she expressed her belief that communication with those who have died is impossible. The film sparked controversy among spiritualists, but was praised by magicians. It was released on DVD in 2006 by Alpha Video.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2011/04/when-madame-houdini-spoke.html |title = When Madame Houdini spoke|accessdate = April 12, 2011}}</ref>


⚫
=== In music ===
⚫
Bess has been portrayed in film by [[Janet Leigh]] (''[[Houdini (1953 film)|Houdini]]'', 1953), [[Sally Struthers]] (''[[The Great Houdini (film)|The Great Houdini]]'', 1976), [[Stacy Edwards]] ([[Houdini (1998 film)|''Houdini'']], 1998), and [[Kristen Connolly]] (''[[Houdini (miniseries)|Houdini]]'', 2014). On stage she has been played by Judith Bruce (''Man of Magic'', 1966), Viviane Thomas (''Houdini - A Circus Opera'', 1979), Kim Lores (''The Great Houdini'', 1999), and Evanna Lynch ("Houdini," 2013).<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2011/01/women-who-have-played-bess.html |title = The women who have played Bess|accessdate = January 23, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2013/06/uk-houdini-play-announces-full-cast.html |title = UK HOUDINI play announces full cast|accessdate = June 26, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://irishpost.co.uk/interview-harry-potter-star-evanna-lynch/|title = Interview: Harry Potter star Evanna Lynch on becoming Harry Houdini's wife|accessdate = January 24, 2016}}</ref>
⚫
The [[Kate Bush]] song "Houdini" from her 1982 album ''[[The Dreaming (album)|The Dreaming]]'' is about the story of Bess Houdini and her attempts to communicate with her deceased husband Harry.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-14 |title=How Kate Bush explored the bizarre life of Bess Houdini |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/how-kate-bush-explored-the-bizarre-life-of-bess-houdini/ |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=faroutmagazine.co.uk |language=en-US}}</ref>


The [[My Chemical Romance]] song "[[This Is How I Disappear]]" was inspired by the séance performed by Houdini to contact her dead husband, Harry.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Weingarten|first1=Christopher R.|last2=Aufrichtig|first2=Aliza|date=2019-12-18|title=Before & After 'The Black Parade'|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/12/18/arts/music/my-chemical-romance-black-parade.html|access-date=2021-05-04|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
⚫
==In music==
⚫
The [[Kate Bush]] song ''Houdini'' from her 1982 album ''[[The Dreaming (album)|The Dreaming]]'' is about the story of Bess Houdini and her attempts to communicate with her deceased husband Harry.{{cn|date=December 2019}}


[[Bálint Varga]] and Lia Barcellona Tamborra's [[album musical]]/[[audiobook]] ''[[D'illusion: The Houdini Musical|d'ILLUSION: The Houdini Musical]]'' depicts Harry and Bess' relationship as part of the plot. She is portrayed by Quiana Holmes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.houdinionbroadway.com |title= d'ILLUSION: The Houdini Musical - The Aduio Theater Experience |accessdate=August 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/off-broadway/article/DILLUSION-THE-HOUDINI-MUSICAL-Announces-Launch-of-Audiobook-20200514|title=D'ILLUSION: THE HOUDINI MUSICAL Announces Launch of Audiobook|first=BWW News|last=Desk|website=BroadwayWorld.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/dILLUSION-The-Houdini-Musical-Releases-Theater-Audio-Experience-20200807|title=d'ILLUSION: The Houdini Musical Releases Theater Audio Experience|first=BWW News|last=Desk|website=BroadwayWorld.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0nwJkIsbMbkeb6Aly2EXvq |title= d'ILLUSION: The Houdini Musical - The Audio Theater Experience on Spotify |accessdate=August 23, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/dillusion-the-houdini-musical/1528148505 |title= d'ILLUSION: The Houdini Musical - The Audio Theater Experience on Apple Music |accessdate=August 23, 2020}}</ref>
Bálint Varga and Lia Barcellona Tamborra's 2020 [[album musical]]/[[audiobook]] ''d'Illusion: The Houdini Musical'' depicts Harry and Bess's relationship as part of the plot. She is portrayed by Quiana Holmes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.houdinionbroadway.com |title= d'Illusion: The Houdini Musical - The Aduio Theater Experience |access-date=August 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/off-broadway/article/DILLUSION-THE-HOUDINI-MUSICAL-Announces-Launch-of-Audiobook-20200514|title=D'Illusion: The Houdini Musical Announces Launch of Audiobook|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|website=Broadway World}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/dILLUSION-The-Houdini-Musical-Releases-Theater-Audio-Experience-20200807|title=d'Illusion: The Houdini Musical Releases Theater Audio Experience|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|website=Broadway World}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0nwJkIsbMbkeb6Aly2EXvq |title= d'Illusion: The Houdini Musical - The Audio Theater Experience on Spotify |website= [[Spotify]] |access-date=August 23, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/dillusion-the-houdini-musical/1528148505 |title= d'Illusion: The Houdini Musical - The Audio Theater Experience on Apple Music |access-date=August 23, 2020}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 51: Line 53:
{{Portal|Biography}}
{{Portal|Biography}}
* {{IBDB name}}
* {{IBDB name}}
* {{IMDb name|0396379}}
* {{Find a Grave|2195|accessdate=August 11, 2010}}
* {{discogs artist|Bess Houdini}}
* [http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2011/01/this-weekend-we-are-wild-about-bess.html This weekend we are Wild About Bess] at [http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/ Wild About Harry]
* [http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2011/01/this-weekend-we-are-wild-about-bess.html This weekend we are Wild About Bess] at [http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/ Wild About Harry]
* [http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2013/08/audio-marie-hinson-remembers-houdini.html AUDIO: Marie Hinson remembers her sister Bess Houdini] at [http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/ Wild About Harry]
* [http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/2013/08/audio-marie-hinson-remembers-houdini.html AUDIO: Marie Hinson remembers her sister Bess Houdini] at [http://www.wildabouthoudini.com/ Wild About Harry]
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[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:American magicians]]
[[Category:American magicians]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American people of German descent]]
[[Category:American people of German descent]]
[[Category:Burials at Gate of Heaven Cemetery]]
[[Category:Burials at Gate of Heaven Cemetery (Hawthorne, New York)]]
[[Category:People from Brooklyn]]
[[Category:People from Brooklyn]]
[[Category:Disease-related deaths in California]]
[[Category:Harry Houdini]]
[[Category:Harry Houdini]]
[[Category:Female magicians]]
[[Category:Female magicians]]

Latest revision as of 03:48, 22 February 2024

Bess Houdini
Houdini in the early 1900s
Born
Wilhelmina Beatrice Rahner

(1876-01-23)January 23, 1876
Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
DiedFebruary 11, 1943(1943-02-11) (aged 67)
Needles, California, U.S.
Resting placeGate of Heaven Cemetery, Hawthorne, New York, U.S.
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1894; died 1926)​

Wilhelmina Beatrice "Bess" Houdini (née Rahner; January 23, 1876 – February 11, 1943) was an American stage assistant and wife of Harry Houdini.[1]

Biography

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1895 poster for The Houdinis

Wilhelmina Beatrice Rahner was born in Brooklyn, New York (before New York City was consolidated), in 1876 to German immigrants Gebhard Rahner (a cabinet maker) and Balbina Rahner (née Bugel).

Bess was working at Coney Island in a song and dance act called The Floral Sisters when she was first courted by Houdini's younger brother, Theo (a.k.a. Theodore Hardeen). But it was the older Houdini brother, Harry, that she fell in love with and married on June 22, 1894.[2] The pair worked as The Houdinis for several years before Houdini hit it big as The Handcuff King. But he and Bess continued to occasionally perform their signature trick, Metamorphosis, throughout his career. Bess also looked after their menagerie of pets, collected dolls, and made the costumes for Houdini's full evening roadshow.[3] The Houdinis remained childless throughout their marriage. Bess's niece, Marie Hinson Blood, said Bess suffered from a medical condition that prevented her from having children.[4]

After Houdini died on October 31, 1926, Bess opened a tea house in New York, and briefly performed a vaudeville act in which she froze a man in ice.[5]

She moved to Inwood, Manhattan, and would try to contact Harry during seances, with a code that only the two of them knew about, to be sure that the spirit medium was not a fraud.[6] The code was: "Rosabelle – answer – tell – pray answer – look – tell – answer answer – tell."[7]

"Rosabelle" was the name of the song Bess sang in her act when they first met, and the word was also inscribed inside her wedding band. The other words correspond to elements of the secret spelling code they had devised to pass information during a mentalism act, with suitable pauses between cues. Each word or word pair equals a letter: A (or 1) was represented by PRAY, B (2) by ANSWER, C (3) by SAY, D by NOW, E by TELL, F by PLEASE, G by SPEAK, H by QUICKLY, I by LOOK and J (number 10, or 0 in combination) by BE QUICK. So the word "answer" on its own indicated "B", while the 22nd letter of the alphabet ("V") was represented by "answer answer". Hence the Houdinis' secret phrase spelled out the word "BELIEVE".[8]

In the 1930s she moved to Hollywood, California, and worked to promote Houdini's memory along with her manager and partner, Edward Saint. On Halloween 1936, Bess and Saint conducted a "Final Houdini Séance" on the roof of the Knickerbocker Hotel in Hollywood. At the conclusion of the failed séance, beside a photograph of Houdini, she put out the candle that was said to have burned for ten years. In 1943 she said "ten years [was] long enough to wait for any man."[9]

After the 1936 séance, Bess asked Walter B. Gibson—writer of the mystery series The Shadow and a friend, confidant, publicist and ghostwriter for Houdini—to carry on the yearly tribute. He held them for many years at New York's Magic Towne House with such magical notables as Houdini biographer Milbourne Christopher. Before he died, Gibson passed on the tradition[10] to Dorothy Dietrich.[11]

Bess Houdini died from a heart attack on February 11, 1943, while in Needles, California, aboard an eastbound train traveling from Los Angeles to New York City. She was 67 years old.[12][13][14] Her family would not allow her to be interred with her late husband at the Machpelah Cemetery in Queens, New York, as she had been raised a Roman Catholic and he was a Jew. She is interred instead at Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Hawthorne, New York.

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In film

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Bess Houdini appeared as herself in the 1938 film Religious Racketeers (a.k.a. Mystic Circle Murder) directed by Frank O'Conner and produced by Fanchon Royer. In the film, she expressed her belief that communication with those who have died is impossible. The film sparked controversy among spiritualists, but was praised by magicians. It was released on DVD in 2006 by Alpha Video.[15]

Bess has been portrayed in film by Janet Leigh (Houdini, 1953), Sally Struthers (The Great Houdini, 1976), Stacy Edwards (Houdini, 1998), and Kristen Connolly (Houdini, 2014). On stage, she has been played by Judith Bruce (Man of Magic, 1966), Viviane Thomas (Houdini – A Circus Opera, 1979), Kim Lores (The Great Houdini, 1999), and Evanna Lynch ("Houdini", 2013).[16][17][18]

In music

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The Kate Bush song "Houdini" from her 1982 album The Dreaming is about the story of Bess Houdini and her attempts to communicate with her deceased husband Harry.[19]

The My Chemical Romance song "This Is How I Disappear" was inspired by the séance performed by Houdini to contact her dead husband, Harry.[20]

Bálint Varga and Lia Barcellona Tamborra's 2020 album musical/audiobook d'Illusion: The Houdini Musical depicts Harry and Bess's relationship as part of the plot. She is portrayed by Quiana Holmes.[21][22][23][24][25]

References

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  1. ^ "Harry Houdini". Encyclopædia Britannica. 1999. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  2. ^ "This weekend we are Wild About Bess". Retrieved January 22, 2011.
  3. ^ "Dorothy Young remembers her days with Houdini". Retrieved April 2, 2011.
  4. ^ "Wild About Harry". Retrieved April 15, 2018.
  5. ^ "Bess and the frozen man". Retrieved January 23, 2011.
  6. ^ "Inwood Resident Discovers the Magic of Inwood Manhattan". Inwood Manhattan. 14 August 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
  7. ^ "The Day Houdini (Almost) Came Back from the Dead" (PDF). Retrieved September 6, 2023.
  8. ^ "Harry Houdini Annual Séances - Will His Spirit Return? | MagicTricks.com Library". www.magictricks.com. Retrieved 2020-03-27.
  9. ^ "Harry Houdini". Time. February 15, 1943. Archived from the original on December 14, 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
  10. ^ "Houdini Museum". Retrieved January 22, 2011.
  11. ^ Williams, Michael. "TNSJournal". Archived from the original on March 18, 2015. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
  12. ^ "AUDIO: Marie Hinson remembers the death of her sister Bess Houdini=September 2, 2013".
  13. ^ "Death of Bess Houdini". Time. February 22, 1943. Archived from the original on December 14, 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
  14. ^ "Mrs. Harry Houdini. For Ten Years Tried to Hear From Him From Spirit World". The New York Times. February 12, 1943. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
  15. ^ "When Madame Houdini spoke". Retrieved April 12, 2011.
  16. ^ "The women who have played Bess". Retrieved January 23, 2011.
  17. ^ "UK Houdini play announces full cast". Retrieved June 26, 2013.
  18. ^ "Interview: Harry Potter star Evanna Lynch on becoming Harry Houdini's wife". Archived from the original on October 22, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
  19. ^ "How Kate Bush explored the bizarre life of Bess Houdini". faroutmagazine.co.uk. 2023-11-14. Retrieved 2023-12-11.
  20. ^ Weingarten, Christopher R.; Aufrichtig, Aliza (2019-12-18). "Before & After 'The Black Parade'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
  21. ^ "d'Illusion: The Houdini Musical - The Aduio Theater Experience". Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  22. ^ "D'Illusion: The Houdini Musical Announces Launch of Audiobook". Broadway World.
  23. ^ "d'Illusion: The Houdini Musical Releases Theater Audio Experience". Broadway World.
  24. ^ "d'Illusion: The Houdini Musical - The Audio Theater Experience on Spotify". Spotify. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
  25. ^ "d'Illusion: The Houdini Musical - The Audio Theater Experience on Apple Music". Retrieved August 23, 2020.
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