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{{short description|German computer scientist}}
{{Redirect|F. L. Bauer|the Austrian botanical illustrator|Ferdinand Bauer}}
{{Redirect|F. L. Bauer|the Austrian botanical illustrator|Ferdinand Bauer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020|cs1-dates=y}}
{{Use list-defined references|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Friedrich Ludwig Bauer
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = German
| image = FriedrichLudwigBauer.jpg
| image = FriedrichLudwigBauer.jpg
| caption =
| image_size = 150px |
| caption =
| birth_name = Friedrich Ludwig Bauer
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|06|10|df=y}}
|birth_name = Friedrich Ludwig Bauer
| birth_place = [[Regensburg]], [[Weimar Republic|Germany]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|6|10|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age |2015|03|26|1924|06|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Regensburg]], [[Weimar Republic|Germany]]
| death_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|2015|3|26|1924|6|10|df=y}}
| death_place =
| field = [[Computer science]]<br/>[[Applied mathematics]]
| workplaces = [[University of Mainz]]<br/>[[Technical University of Munich]]
| residence =
| citizenship =
| education = [[Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität]]
| thesis1_title = Group-theoretic investigations of the theory of spin wave equations
| nationality = German
| thesis2_title = On quadratically convergent iteration methods for solving algebraic equations and eigenvalue problems
| ethnicity =
| thesis1_url =
| field = [[Computer Science]]<br>[[Applied Mathematics]]
| thesis2_url =
| work_institution = [[University of Mainz]]<br>[[Technical University of Munich]]
| thesis1_year = 1952
| alma_mater = [[Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität]]
| thesis2_year = 1954
| doctoral_advisor = [[Fritz Bopp]], [[Georg Aumann]]
| doctoral_students = [[Manfred Broy]], [[David Gries]], [[Josef Stoer]], [[Peter Wynn (mathematician)|Peter Wynn]], [[Christoph Zenger]]
| doctoral_advisors = [[Fritz Bopp]], [[Georg Aumann]]
| doctoral_students = [[Manfred Broy]], [[David Gries]], [[Josef Stoer]], [[Peter Wynn (mathematician)|Peter Wynn]], [[Christoph Zenger]]
| known_for = [[Stack (data structure)]], <br> Sequential Formula Translation, <br> [[ALGOL]]
| known_for = [[Stack (data structure)]]<br/>Sequential Formula Translation<br/>[[ALGOL]]<br/>[[Software engineering]]<br/>[[Bauer–Fike theorem]]
| prizes = [[Iron Cross]] 2nd Class, <br> [[Bundesverdienstkreuz]] 1st Class, <br> IEEE [[Computer Pioneer Award]] <small>(1988)</small>
| awards = [[Iron Cross]] 2nd Class, <br/>[[Bundesverdienstkreuz]] 1st Class,<br/>IEEE [[Computer Pioneer Award]] (1988)
| religion =
| spouse = <!--(or | spouses = )-->
| footnotes =
| children = 5
| signature = <!--(filename only)-->
| signature_alt =
| footnotes =
}}
}}


'''Friedrich Ludwig''' "'''Fritz'''" '''Bauer''' (10 June 1924 – 26 March 2015) was a German [[computer scientist]] and professor at the [[Technische Universität München|Technical University of Munich]].
'''Friedrich Ludwig''' "'''Fritz'''" '''Bauer''' (10 June 1924 – 26 March 2015) was a German pioneer of [[computer science]] and professor at the [[Technical University of Munich]].


==Life==
== Life ==
Bauer earned his [[Abitur]] in 1942 and served in the [[Wehrmacht]] during World War II, from 1943 to 1945. From 1946 to 1950, he studied mathematics and [[Physics|theoretical physics]] at [[Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität]] in [[Munich]]. Bauer received his doctorate under the supervision of [[Fritz Bopp]] for his thesis ''Gruppentheoretische Untersuchungen zur Theorie der Spinwellengleichungen'' ("Group-theoretic investigations of the theory of spin wave equations") in 1952. He completed his [[habilitation]] ''Über quadratisch konvergente Iterationsverfahren zur Lösung von algebraischen Gleichungen und Eigenwertproblemen'' ("On quadratically convergent iteration methods for solving algebraic equations and eigenvalue problems") in 1954 at the [[Technical University of Munich]]. After teaching as ''[[privatdozent]]'' at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität from 1954 to 1958, he became extraordinary professor for applied mathematics at the [[University of Mainz]]. Since 1963, he worked as a professor of mathematics and (since 1972) computer science at Technical University of Munich. He retired in 1989.<ref name="GutenbergBiographics2016">{{cite web|title=Verzeichnis der Professorinnen und Professoren der Universität Mainz|url=http://gutenberg-biographics.ub.uni-mainz.de/id/f197cbba-1453-4ffd-8de6-24d75a2dece6.html|website=Gutenberg Biographics|publisher=Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz|accessdate=16 February 2017|language=de}}</ref>
Bauer earned his [[Abitur]] in 1942 and served in the [[Wehrmacht]] during World War II, from 1943 to 1945. From 1946 to 1950, he studied mathematics and [[theoretical physics]] at [[Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität]] in [[Munich]]. Bauer received his [[Doctor of Philosophy]] (Ph.D.) under the supervision of [[Fritz Bopp]] for his thesis ''Gruppentheoretische Untersuchungen zur Theorie der Spinwellengleichungen'' ("Group-theoretic investigations of the theory of spin wave equations") in 1952. He completed his [[habilitation]] thesis ''Über quadratisch konvergente Iterationsverfahren zur Lösung von algebraischen Gleichungen und Eigenwertproblemen'' ("On quadratically convergent iteration methods for solving algebraic equations and eigenvalue problems") in 1954 at the [[Technical University of Munich]]. After teaching as a ''[[privatdozent]]'' at the [[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich]] from 1954 to 1958, he became extraordinary professor for applied mathematics at the [[University of Mainz]]. Since 1963, he worked as a professor of mathematics and (since 1972) computer science at the Technical University of Munich. He retired in 1989.<ref name="GutenbergBiographics2016"/>


== Work ==
Bauer's early work involved the construction of computing machinery (e.g. the logical relay computer STANISLAUS from 1951-1955<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Hashigen|editor1-first=Ulf|editor2-last=Keil-Slawik|editor2-first=Reinhard|editor3-last=Norberg|editor3-first=Arthur L.|title=History of Computing: Software Issues|date=2002|publisher=Springer-Verlag|location=Berlin Heidelberg New York|isbn=978-3-642-07653-4|pages=15–16}}</ref>). In this context, he was the first to propose the widely used [[Stack (data structure)|stack method]] of expression evaluation. Bauer also worked in the committees that developed the [[Imperative programming|imperative]] computer [[programming language]]s [[ALGOL 58]] and its successor [[ALGOL 60]], important predecessors to all modern imperative programming languages. In 1968, Bauer coined the term ''[[Software Engineering]]'' which has been in widespread use since.
[[File:FriedrichLBauer29-05-1995.jpg|thumb|Friedrich L. Bauer at the editors' meeting of Informatik Spektrum on 29 May 1995.]]
Bauer's early work involved constructing computing machinery (e.g. the logical relay computer STANISLAUS from 1951–1955<ref name="Hashigen_2002"/>). In this context, he was the first to propose the widely used [[Stack (data structure)|stack method]] of expression evaluation.


Bauer was a member of the committees that developed the [[Imperative programming|imperative]] computer [[programming language]]s [[ALGOL 58]],<ref name="GAMM"/> and its successor [[ALGOL 60]],<ref name="IFIP"/> important predecessors to all modern imperative programming languages. For ALGOL 58, Bauer was with the German ''[[Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik]]'' (GAMM, Society of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics) which worked with the American ''[[Association for Computing Machinery]]'' (ACM).<ref name="GAMM"/> For ALGOL 60, Bauer was with the [[International Federation for Information Processing]] (IFIP) [[IFIP Working Group 2.1]] on Algorithmic Languages and Calculi,<ref name="IFIP"/> which [[Specification (technical standard)|specified]], maintains, and supports the languages ALGOL 60 and [[ALGOL 68]].<ref name="Swierstra_2011"/>
Bauer was an influential figure in establishing [[computer science]] as an independent subject in German universities.


Bauer was an influential figure in establishing [[computer science]] as an independent subject in German universities, which until then was usually considered part of [[mathematics]]. In 1967, he held the first lecture in computer science at a German university at the [[Technical University of Munich]], titled ''Information Processing''. By 1972, computer science had become an independent academic discipline at the TUM. In 1992, it was separated from the [[TUM Department of Mathematics|Department of Mathematics]] to form an independent [[TUM Department of Informatics|Department of Informatics]], though Bauer had retired from his chair in 1989.<ref name="TUM"/>
His scientific contributions spread from [[numerical analysis]] ([[Bauer–Fike theorem]]) and fundamentals of interpretation and translation of programming languages, to his later works on systematics of program development, especially [[program transformation]] methods and systems ([[CIP-S]]) and the associated [[wide-spectrum language]] system [[CIP-L]]. He also wrote a well-respected book on [[cryptology]], ''Decrypted secrets'', now in its fourth edition.


In 1968, he coined the term ''[[software engineering]]'' which has been in widespread use since, and has become a discipline in computer science.
He was the [[doctoral advisor]] of 39 students, including [[Manfred Broy]], [[David Gries]], [[Manfred Paul]], [[Gerhard Seegmüller]], [[Josef Stoer]], [[Peter Wynn (mathematician)|Peter Wynn]], and [[Christoph Zenger]].

His scientific contributions spread from [[numerical analysis]] ([[Bauer–Fike theorem]]) and fundamentals of interpretation and translation of programming languages, to his later works on systematics of program development, especially [[program transformation]] methods and systems (CIP-S) and the associated [[wide-spectrum language]] system CIP-L. He also wrote a well-respected book on [[cryptology]], ''Decrypted secrets'', now in its fourth edition.

He was the [[doctoral advisor]] of 39 students, including [[Rudolf Berghammer]], [[Manfred Broy]], [[David Gries]], Manfred Paul, Gerhard Seegmüller, [[Josef Stoer]], [[Peter Wynn (mathematician)|Peter Wynn]], and [[Christoph Zenger]].

Friedrich Bauer was one of the 19 founding members of the [[German Informatics Society]].<ref name="Krückeberg_2001"/> He was editor of the [[Informatik Spektrum]] from its founding in 1978, and held that position until his death.<ref name="IS_2015"/>


Friedrich Bauer was married to Hildegard Bauer-Vogg. He was the father of three sons and two daughters.
Friedrich Bauer was married to Hildegard Bauer-Vogg. He was the father of three sons and two daughters.


==Definition of software engineering==
== Definition of software engineering ==
Bauer was a colleague of the German Representative the NATO Science Committee. In 1967, NATO had been discussing 'The Software Crisis' and Bauer had suggested the term 'Software Engineering' as a way to conceive of both the problem and the solution.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mechanizing Proof: Computing, Risk, and Trust |first=Donald |last=MacKenzie |year=2001 |location=Cambridge |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=0-262-13393-8 |pages=34–36 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=QiMS8t4V_0cC |page=34 }} }}</ref>
Bauer was a colleague of the German Representative the NATO Science Committee. In 1967, NATO had been discussing 'The Software Crisis' and Bauer had suggested the term 'Software Engineering' as a way to conceive of both the problem and the solution.<ref name="MacKenzie_2001"/>


In 1972, Bauer published the following definition of software engineering:<br>
In 1972, Bauer published the following definition of software engineering:
"Establishment and use of sound engineering principles to economically obtain software that is reliable and works on real machines efficiently."<ref>Bauer, F.L., "Software Engineering", Information Processing, 71, 1972</ref>


"Establishment and use of sound engineering principles to economically obtain software that is reliable and works on real machines efficiently."<ref name="Bauer_1972"/>
==Awards==
:1944: [[Iron Cross]] 2nd Class
:1968: Member of the [[Bavarian Academy of Sciences]] in mathematics and science class
:1971: [[Bavarian Order of Merit]]
:1978: [[Wilhelm Exner Medal]] (Austria).<ref>Editor, ÖGV. (2015). Wilhelm Exner Medal. Austrian Trade Association. ÖGV. Austria.</ref>
:1982: [[Bundesverdienstkreuz|Federal Merit Cross]] 1st Class
:1984: Member of the [[German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina]]
:1986: [[Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art]]
:1987: Honorary Member of the [[Society for computer science]]
:1988: Golden Ring of Honour of the German Museum
:1988: [[IEEE Computer Pioneer Award]]
:1997: Heinz-Maier-Leibnitz Medal from the [[Technical University of Munich]]
:1998: corresponding member of the [[Austrian Academy of Sciences]]
:2002: Honorary Member of the [[Deutsches Museum]]
:2004: Silver Medal of Merit of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences


== Legacy ==
:Namesake of the Friedrich L. Bauer Prize for computer science at the TU Munich
Since 1992, the [[Technical University of Munich]] has awarded the {{ill|Friedrich L. Bauer Prize|de|F.L.-Bauer-Preis}} in computer science.


In 2014 the TU Munich renamed their largest lecture hall in the department of Informatics and Computer Science after Friedrich Bauer.
In 2014, the Technical University of Munich renamed their largest [[lecture hall]] in the [[TUM Department of Informatics|Department of Informatics]] building after him.


== Awards ==
;Honorary doctorates
* 1944: [[Iron Cross]] 2nd Class
:1974: Honorary Doctor of the [[University of Grenoble]]
* 1968: Member of the [[Bavarian Academy of Sciences]] in mathematics and science class
:1989: Honorary Doctor of the [[University of Passau]]
* 1971: [[Bavarian Order of Merit]]
:1998: Honorary doctorate from the [[Bundeswehr University Munich]] (Neubiberg)
* 1978: [[Wilhelm Exner Medal]] (Austria).<ref name="WEM_2015"/>
* 1982: [[Bundesverdienstkreuz|Federal Merit Cross]] 1st Class
* 1984: Member of the [[German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina]]
* 1986: [[Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art]]
* 1987: Honorary Member of the Society for computer science
* 1988: Golden Ring of Honour of the German Museum
* 1988: [[IEEE Computer Pioneer Award]]
* 1997: Heinz-Maier-Leibnitz Medal from the [[Technical University of Munich]]
* 1998: corresponding member of the [[Austrian Academy of Sciences]]
* 2002: Honorary Member of the [[Deutsches Museum]]
* 2004: Silver Medal of Merit of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences


=== Honorary doctorates ===
==Publications==
* 1974: Honorary Doctor of the [[University of Grenoble]]
* 1960 "Sequential Formula Translation", Commun. ACM 3(2): 76-83, (together with [[Klaus Samelson]]), a very influential paper on compilers
* 1989: Honorary Doctor of the [[University of Passau]]
* 1964 ''Introduction to Algol'', Friedrich Ludwig Bauer, R. Baumann, M. Feliciano, K. Samelson, Prentice Hall, {{ISBN|0-13-477828-6}}
* 1998: Honorary doctorate from the [[Bundeswehr University Munich]] (Neubiberg)
* {{cite book|last1=Bauer|first1=Friedrich L.|title=The Munich Project CIP: Volume II: The Programme Transformation System CIP-S (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)|date=1987|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3540187790}}
* {{cite book |author-first1=Friedrich Ludwig |author-last1=Bauer |author-first2=Martin |author-last2=Wirsing |author-link2=Martin Wirsing |title=Elementare Aussagenlogik |publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] |location=Berlin / Heidelberg |language=German |date=March 1991 |isbn=3-540-52974-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ff58BwAAQBAJ}}
* 2006 ''Decrypted Secrets: Methods and Maxims of Cryptology'' 4th edition, New York, [[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]], {{ISBN|3-540-24502-2}}


==References==
== Publications ==
* {{cite journal |author-last1=Samelson |author-first1=Klaus |author-link1=Klaus Samelson |author-last2=Bauer |author-first2=Friedrich Ludwig |date=February 1960 |title=Sequential Formula Translation |journal=[[Communications of the ACM]] |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=76–83 |doi=10.1145/366959.366968 |s2cid=16646147|doi-access=free }}, a very influential paper on compilers
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book |author-last1=Baumann |author-first1=Richard |author-link1=:de:Richard Baumann (Mathematiker) |author-last2=Feliciano |author-first2=Manuel<!--, Jr.? --> |author-last3=Bauer |author-first3=Friedrich Ludwig |author-last4=Samelson |author-first4=Klaus |author-link4=Klaus Samelson |date=1964 |title=Introduction to ALGOL – A primer for the non-specialist, emphasizing the practical uses of the algorithmic language |series=Series in Automatic Computation |publisher=[[Prentice-Hall, Inc.]] |publication-place=Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA |isbn=0-13-477828-6 |lccn=64-10740 |id=ark:/13960/t6qz35p37 |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoal00baum |access-date=2022-10-23}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Bauer |author-first=Friedrich Ludwig |title=The Munich Project CIP: Volume II: The Programme Transformation System CIP-S (Lecture Notes in Computer Science) |date=1987 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-5401-8779-0}}
* {{cite book |author-first1=Friedrich Ludwig |author-last1=Bauer |author-first2=Martin |author-last2=Wirsing |author-link2=Martin Wirsing |title=Elementare Aussagenlogik |publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] |location=Berlin – Heidelberg, Germany |language=de |date=March 1991 |isbn=3-540-52974-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ff58BwAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite book |author-last=Bauer |author-first=Friedrich Ludwig |date=2006 |title=[[Books on cryptography#History of cryptography|Decrypted Secrets: Methods and Maxims of Cryptology]], 4th edition |location=New York, USA |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |isbn=978-3-5402-4502-5}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="GutenbergBiographics2016">{{cite web |title=Verzeichnis der Professorinnen und Professoren der Universität Mainz |url=http://gutenberg-biographics.ub.uni-mainz.de/id/f197cbba-1453-4ffd-8de6-24d75a2dece6.html |website=Gutenberg Biographics |publisher=Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz |access-date=16 February 2017 |language=de}}</ref>
<ref name="Hashigen_2002">{{cite book |editor-last1=Hashigen |editor-first1=Ulf |editor-last2=Keil-Slawik |editor-first2=Reinhard |editor-link2=:de:Reinhard Keil (Informatiker) |editor-last3=Norberg |editor-first3=Arthur Lawrence |editor-link3=Arthur Lawrence Norberg |date=2002 |title=History of Computing: Software Issues |publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] |location=Berlin Heidelberg New York |isbn=978-3-642-07653-4 |pages=15–16}}</ref>
<ref name="GAMM">{{cite conference |author-last=Perlis |author-first=Alan Jay |author-link=Alan Jay Perlis |title=Talk on Computing in the Fifties |book-title=ACM National Conference. Nashville, Tennessee |date=1981 |publisher=(Transcript in J. A. N. Lee (ed.), Computer Pioneers, IEEE Computer Society Press |location=Los Alamito, California, 1995 |pages=545–556}}</ref>
<ref name="IFIP">{{cite web |url=https://ifipwg21wiki.cs.kuleuven.be/IFIP21/Profile |title=Profile of IFIP Working Group 2.1 |author-last1=Jeuring |author-first1=Johan |author-last2=Meertens |author-first2=Lambert |author-link2=Lambert Meertens |author-last3=Guttmann |author-first3=Walter |date=2016-08-17 |website=Foswiki |access-date=2020-09-07}}</ref>
<ref name="Swierstra_2011">{{Cite web |url=https://ifipwg21wiki.cs.kuleuven.be/IFIP21/ScopeEtc |title=ScopeEtc: IFIP21: Foswiki |author-last1=Swierstra |author-first1=S. Doaitse |author-last2=Gibbons |author-first2=Jeremy |author-link2=Jeremy Gibbons |author-last3=Meertens |author-first3=Lambert |author-link3=Lambert Meertens |date=2011-03-02 |website=Foswiki |access-date=2020-09-07}}</ref>
<ref name="TUM">{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.in.tum.de/en/the-department/history/ |access-date=2020-12-22 |website=TUM Department of Informatics}}</ref>
<ref name="Krückeberg_2001">{{ill|Fritz Krückeberg|de}}: Die Geschichte der GI, p. 14; 2nd edition, November 2001, Gesellschaft für Informatik. [https://gi.de/fileadmin/GI/Hauptseite/Themen/geschichte-der-gi.pdf], retrieved 9 February 2021</ref>
<ref name="IS_2015">Informatik Spektrum Volume 38, Issue 2, April 2015: Imprint Page A4</ref>
<ref name="MacKenzie_2001">{{cite book |title=Mechanizing Proof: Computing, Risk, and Trust |author-first=Donald |author-last=MacKenzie |date=2001 |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |isbn=0-262-13393-8 |pages=34–36 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=QiMS8t4V_0cC |page=34}}}}</ref>
<ref name="Bauer_1972">{{cite book |author-last=Bauer |author-first=Friedrich Ludwig |chapter=Software Engineering |title=Information Processing |page=71 |date=1972}}</ref>
<ref name="WEM_2015">Editor, ÖGV. (2015). Wilhelm Exner Medal. Austrian Trade Association. ÖGV. Austria.</ref>
}}


==External links==
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Friedrich Ludwig Bauer}}
{{Commons category|Friedrich Ludwig Bauer}}
*[http://purl.umn.edu/107106 Oral history interview with Friedrich L. Bauer]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, [[Charles Babbage Institute]], University of Minnesota. Bauer discusses his education and early research, including the European side of the development of [[ALGOL]], as well as his later work in numerical analysis and programming languages.
* [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170712053858/https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/107106 Oral history interview with Friedrich L. Bauer], [[Charles Babbage Institute]], University of Minnesota. Bauer discusses his education and early research, including the European side of the development of [[ALGOL]], as well as his later work in numerical analysis and programming languages.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120717003344/http://homepages.cs.ncl.ac.uk/brian.randell/NATO/N1968/BAUER.html Photograph of F. L. Bauer] (provided by [[Brian Randell]])
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120717003344/http://homepages.cs.ncl.ac.uk/brian.randell/NATO/N1968/BAUER.html Photograph of Friedrich L. Bauer] (provided by [[Brian Randell]])
*[http://www.cs.umd.edu/users/oleary/cggg/bauer.pdf Bauer about Rutishauser at a symposium at the ETH Zürich in 2002]
* [http://www.cs.umd.edu/users/oleary/cggg/bauer.pdf Bauer about Rutishauser at a symposium at the ETH Zürich in 2002]
*{{MathGenealogy |id=21232 }}
* {{MathGenealogy |id=21232}}
* [https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:bauer.friedrich-ludwig Author profile] in the database [[Zentralblatt MATH|zbMATH]]
* [https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:bauer.friedrich-ludwig Author profile] in the database [[Zentralblatt MATH|zbMATH]]


{{ALGOL programming}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:German computer scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century German mathematicians]]
[[Category:20th-century German mathematicians]]
[[Category:Historians of mathematics]]
[[Category:German historians of mathematics]]
[[Category:People from Regensburg]]
[[Category:Scientists from Regensburg]]
[[Category:Programming language designers]]
[[Category:Programming language designers]]
[[Category:Software engineering researchers]]
[[Category:Software engineering researchers]]
[[Category:Computer science educators]]
[[Category:Computer science educators]]
[[Category:Technical University of Munich faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Technical University of Munich]]
[[Category:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni]]
[[Category:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni]]
[[Category:Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Bavarian Order of Merit]]
[[Category:Members of the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art]]
[[Category:21st-century German mathematicians]]
[[Category:21st-century German mathematicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Austrian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:German military personnel of World War II]]

Latest revision as of 06:27, 25 February 2024

"F. L. Bauer" redirects here. For the Austrian botanical illustrator, see Ferdinand Bauer.

Friedrich Ludwig Bauer
Born
Friedrich Ludwig Bauer

(1924-06-10)10 June 1924
Regensburg, Germany
Died26 March 2015(2015-03-26) (aged 90)
EducationLudwig-Maximilians-Universität
Known forStack (data structure)
Sequential Formula Translation
ALGOL
Software engineering
Bauer–Fike theorem
Children5
AwardsIron Cross 2nd Class,
Bundesverdienstkreuz 1st Class,
IEEE Computer Pioneer Award (1988)
Scientific career
FieldsComputer science
Applied mathematics
InstitutionsUniversity of Mainz
Technical University of Munich
Theses
  • Group-theoretic investigations of the theory of spin wave equations  (1952)
  • On quadratically convergent iteration methods for solving algebraic equations and eigenvalue problems  (1954)
Doctoral advisorsFritz Bopp, Georg Aumann
Doctoral studentsManfred Broy, David Gries, Josef Stoer, Peter Wynn, Christoph Zenger

Friedrich Ludwig "Fritz" Bauer (10 June 1924 – 26 March 2015) was a German pioneer of computer science and professor at the Technical University of Munich.

Life

[edit]

Bauer earned his Abitur in 1942 and served in the Wehrmacht during World War II, from 1943 to 1945. From 1946 to 1950, he studied mathematics and theoretical physics at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich. Bauer received his Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) under the supervision of Fritz Bopp for his thesis Gruppentheoretische Untersuchungen zur Theorie der Spinwellengleichungen ("Group-theoretic investigations of the theory of spin wave equations") in 1952. He completed his habilitation thesis Über quadratisch konvergente Iterationsverfahren zur Lösung von algebraischen Gleichungen und Eigenwertproblemen ("On quadratically convergent iteration methods for solving algebraic equations and eigenvalue problems") in 1954 at the Technical University of Munich. After teaching as a privatdozent at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich from 1954 to 1958, he became extraordinary professor for applied mathematics at the University of Mainz. Since 1963, he worked as a professor of mathematics and (since 1972) computer science at the Technical University of Munich. He retired in 1989.[1]

Work

[edit]
Friedrich L. Bauer at the editors' meeting of Informatik Spektrum on 29 May 1995.

Bauer's early work involved constructing computing machinery (e.g. the logical relay computer STANISLAUS from 1951–1955[2]). In this context, he was the first to propose the widely used stack method of expression evaluation.

Bauer was a member of the committees that developed the imperative computer programming languages ALGOL 58,[3] and its successor ALGOL 60,[4] important predecessors to all modern imperative programming languages. For ALGOL 58, Bauer was with the German Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik (GAMM, Society of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics) which worked with the American Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).[3] For ALGOL 60, Bauer was with the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) IFIP Working Group 2.1 on Algorithmic Languages and Calculi,[4] which specified, maintains, and supports the languages ALGOL 60 and ALGOL 68.[5]

Bauer was an influential figure in establishing computer science as an independent subject in German universities, which until then was usually considered part of mathematics. In 1967, he held the first lecture in computer science at a German university at the Technical University of Munich, titled Information Processing. By 1972, computer science had become an independent academic discipline at the TUM. In 1992, it was separated from the Department of Mathematics to form an independent Department of Informatics, though Bauer had retired from his chair in 1989.[6]

In 1968, he coined the term software engineering which has been in widespread use since, and has become a discipline in computer science.

His scientific contributions spread from numerical analysis (Bauer–Fike theorem) and fundamentals of interpretation and translation of programming languages, to his later works on systematics of program development, especially program transformation methods and systems (CIP-S) and the associated wide-spectrum language system CIP-L. He also wrote a well-respected book on cryptology, Decrypted secrets, now in its fourth edition.

He was the doctoral advisor of 39 students, including Rudolf Berghammer, Manfred Broy, David Gries, Manfred Paul, Gerhard Seegmüller, Josef Stoer, Peter Wynn, and Christoph Zenger.

Friedrich Bauer was one of the 19 founding members of the German Informatics Society.[7] He was editor of the Informatik Spektrum from its founding in 1978, and held that position until his death.[8]

Friedrich Bauer was married to Hildegard Bauer-Vogg. He was the father of three sons and two daughters.

Definition of software engineering

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Bauer was a colleague of the German Representative the NATO Science Committee. In 1967, NATO had been discussing 'The Software Crisis' and Bauer had suggested the term 'Software Engineering' as a way to conceive of both the problem and the solution.[9]

In 1972, Bauer published the following definition of software engineering:

"Establishment and use of sound engineering principles to economically obtain software that is reliable and works on real machines efficiently."[10]

Legacy

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Since 1992, the Technical University of Munich has awarded the Friedrich L. Bauer Prize [de] in computer science.

In 2014, the Technical University of Munich renamed their largest lecture hall in the Department of Informatics building after him.

Awards

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Honorary doctorates

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Publications

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  • Samelson, Klaus; Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig (February 1960). "Sequential Formula Translation". Communications of the ACM. 3 (2): 76–83. doi:10.1145/366959.366968. S2CID 16646147., a very influential paper on compilers
  • Baumann, Richard [in German]; Feliciano, Manuel; Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig; Samelson, Klaus (1964). Introduction to ALGOL – A primer for the non-specialist, emphasizing the practical uses of the algorithmic language. Series in Automatic Computation. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc. ISBN 0-13-477828-6. LCCN 64-10740. ark:/13960/t6qz35p37. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
  • Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig (1987). The Munich Project CIP: Volume II: The Programme Transformation System CIP-S (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). Springer. ISBN 978-3-5401-8779-0.
  • Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig; Wirsing, Martin (March 1991). Elementare Aussagenlogik (in German). Berlin – Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 3-540-52974-8.
  • Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig (2006). Decrypted Secrets: Methods and Maxims of Cryptology, 4th edition. New York, USA: Springer. ISBN 978-3-5402-4502-5.

References

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  1. ^ "Verzeichnis der Professorinnen und Professoren der Universität Mainz". Gutenberg Biographics (in German). Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz. Retrieved 2017-02-16.
  2. ^ Hashigen, Ulf; Keil-Slawik, Reinhard [in German]; Norberg, Arthur Lawrence, eds. (2002). History of Computing: Software Issues. Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer-Verlag. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-3-642-07653-4.
  3. ^ a b Perlis, Alan Jay (1981). "Talk on Computing in the Fifties". ACM National Conference. Nashville, Tennessee. Los Alamito, California, 1995: (Transcript in J. A. N. Lee (ed.), Computer Pioneers, IEEE Computer Society Press. pp. 545–556.{{cite conference}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  4. ^ a b Jeuring, Johan; Meertens, Lambert; Guttmann, Walter (2016-08-17). "Profile of IFIP Working Group 2.1". Foswiki. Retrieved 2020-09-07.
  5. ^ Swierstra, S. Doaitse; Gibbons, Jeremy; Meertens, Lambert (2011-03-02). "ScopeEtc: IFIP21: Foswiki". Foswiki. Retrieved 2020-09-07.
  6. ^ "History". TUM Department of Informatics. Retrieved 2020-12-22.
  7. ^ Fritz Krückeberg [de]: Die Geschichte der GI, p. 14; 2nd edition, November 2001, Gesellschaft für Informatik. [1], retrieved 9 February 2021
  8. ^ Informatik Spektrum Volume 38, Issue 2, April 2015: Imprint Page A4
  9. ^ MacKenzie, Donald (2001). Mechanizing Proof: Computing, Risk, and Trust. Cambridge: MIT Press. pp. 34–36. ISBN 0-262-13393-8.
  10. ^ Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig (1972). "Software Engineering". Information Processing. p. 71.
  11. ^ Editor, ÖGV. (2015). Wilhelm Exner Medal. Austrian Trade Association. ÖGV. Austria.
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