Mundari Bani: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox writing system |
{{Infobox writing system |
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| name = Mundari Bani |
| name = Mundari Bani |
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| altname = {{Script|Nagm|𞓧𞓟𞓨𞓜𞓕𞓣𞓚 𞓗𞓕𞓨𞓚}} |
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| languages = [[Mundari language|Mundari]] |
| languages = [[Mundari language|Mundari]] |
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| type = [[Alphabet]] |
| type = [[Alphabet]] |
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| Line 9: | Line 10: | ||
| creator = [[Rohidas Singh Nag]] |
| creator = [[Rohidas Singh Nag]] |
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| date = 1982 |
| date = 1982 |
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| fam1 = |
| fam1 = Original invention |
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| iso15924 = Nagm |
| iso15924 = Nagm |
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| sample = Shukla Mundari.svg |
| sample = Shukla Mundari.svg |
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| image size = 250px |
| image size = 250px |
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| caption = 'Mundari' in Mundari Bani Script |
| caption = 'Mundari' in Mundari Bani Script |
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| unicode=[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1E4D0.pdf U+1E4D0–U+1E4FF] Nag Mundari |
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| ipa-note=none |
| ipa-note=none |
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}} |
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{{Contains special characters |
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| special = [[Mundari language|Mundari]] text |
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| fix = Help:Multilingual support |
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| characters = Mundari Barni (script) |
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}} |
}} |
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[[File:MundariLanguageScript.jpg|thumb|Mundari Bani]] |
[[File:MundariLanguageScript.jpg|thumb|Mundari Bani]] |
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'''Mundari Bani''' (Mundari: ''Bani'' 'alphabet', also known as '''Mundari Bani Hisir''' ''Hisir'' 'writing', '''Nag Mundari''', or the '''Mundari alphabet''') is the |
'''Mundari Bani''' (Mundari: {{Script|Nagm|𞓧𞓟𞓨𞓜𞓕𞓣𞓚 𞓗𞓕𞓨𞓚}} ''Mundari Bani'' 'Mundari alphabet', also known as '''Mundari Bani Hisir''' ''Hisir'' 'writing', '''Nag Mundari''' {{Script|Nagm|𞓨𞓕𞓦 𞓧𞓟𞓨𞓜𞓕𞓣𞓚}}, or the '''Mundari alphabet''') is the writing system created for the [[Mundari language]], spoken in eastern India. Mundari is an [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] language. Mundari Bani has 27 letters and five diacritics, the forms of which are intended to evoke natural shapes. The script is written from [[Writing_system#Directionality|left to right]]. |
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Community elder and author [[Rohidas Singh Nag]] invented and published the [[alphabet]]ic writing system Mundari Bani |
Community elder and author [[Rohidas Singh Nag]] invented and published in late 1980 the [[alphabet]]ic writing system Mundari Bani, which has seen limited but increasing use in literature, education, and computing. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[Rohidas Singh Nag]] started designing the initial characters of Mundari bani in 1949 while in grade school, which he wrote on the walls using clay.<ref>{{cite book |title=Know Your State West Bengal |date=22 August 2019 |publisher=Arihant Experts |isbn=9789313198017 |pages=272 |url=https:// |
[[Rohidas Singh Nag]] started designing the initial characters of Mundari bani in 1949 while in grade school, which he wrote on the walls using clay.<ref>{{cite book |title=Know Your State West Bengal |date=22 August 2019 |publisher=Arihant Experts |isbn=9789313198017 |pages=272 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qhrzDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Mundari+Bani%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA272}}</ref><ref name="unicode 2021">{{cite web|title=L2/21-031: Proposal to Encode the Mundari Bani Script in the Universal Character Set |first1=Lawrence |last1=Wolf-Sonkin |first2=Biswajit |last2=Mandal |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21031-mundari-bani.pdf |date=8 January 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}}</ref> By 1953 he had finished a set of 35 characters. He further simplified the alphabet in 1980 by reducing it to 27 alphabetical characters. In 2008 Bharat Munda Samaj, Mundari Samaj Sanwar Jamda and Nag reformed the script in styling and adding glyphs. Since then, fonts were developed using this standard. |
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[[File:Rohidas-Singh-Nag.jpg|thumb|[[Rohidas Singh Nag]], creator of Mundari Bani script]] |
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Nag presented the alphabet in the 1980s to then-[[Chief Minister of Odisha]] [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]] and submitted a memorandum to recognize the Munda language constitutionally. Nag along with others submitted a memorandum to the then [[president of India]] in 1999 appealing again for the constitutional recognition. "Mundari Samaj Sanwar Jamda", a social organisation of the Munda community based in Poda Astia, [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]] has been demanding to incorporate the [[Munda language]] in the [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India]], to air [[Munda language]] through [[All India Radio]], and establish a [[Munda language]] department at [[North Odisha University]] for higher studies on the basis of the writing system and literature.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stscodisha.gov.in/pdf/June-Dec-2012-Vol-1-2.pdf | title = page no.96, Adivasi, A Journal of Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute (SCSTRTI)| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161108183956/http://www.stscodisha.gov.in/pdf/June-Dec-2012-Vol-1-2.pdf| archive-date = 8 November 2016}}</ref> The writing system has seen limited but increasing use in literature, education, and computing. |
Nag presented the alphabet in the 1980s to then-[[Chief Minister of Odisha]] [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]] and submitted a memorandum to recognize the Munda language constitutionally. Nag along with others submitted a memorandum to the then [[president of India]] in 1999 appealing again for the constitutional recognition. "Mundari Samaj Sanwar Jamda", a social organisation of the Munda community based in Poda Astia, [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]] has been demanding to incorporate the [[Munda language]] in the [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India]], to air [[Munda language]] through [[All India Radio]], and establish a [[Munda language]] department at [[North Odisha University]] for higher studies on the basis of the writing system and literature.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stscodisha.gov.in/pdf/June-Dec-2012-Vol-1-2.pdf | title = page no.96, Adivasi, A Journal of Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute (SCSTRTI)| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161108183956/http://www.stscodisha.gov.in/pdf/June-Dec-2012-Vol-1-2.pdf| archive-date = 8 November 2016}}</ref> The writing system has seen limited but increasing use in literature, education, and computing. |
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==The script== |
==The script== |
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Since the 2008 edits, Mundari Bani has 27 alphabetical characters, five diacritics, ten (decimal) digits. Their names follow traditional names. It uses Latin-script punctuation like period and comma.<ref name="unicode 2021"/> |
Since the 2008 edits, Mundari Bani has 27 alphabetical characters, five diacritics, ten (decimal) digits. Their names follow traditional names. It uses Latin-script punctuation like period and comma.<ref name="unicode 2021"/> |
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==Sample text== |
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The following text is Article 1 of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]], written in Mundari Bani (a suitable Unicode font may be required for proper viewing):<ref>{{cite web |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/mundaribani.htm |title=Mundari Bani Alphabet |website=Omniglot.com |access-date=30 January 2023}}</ref><br> |
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<br> |
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{{Script|Nagm|𞓝𞓐𞓨𞓐𞓗-𞓱:<br> |
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𞓛𞓐𞓗𞓤𞓨 𞓞𞓐𞓪𞓐 𞓢𞓐𞓢𞓤𞓮 𞓧𞓕𞓨𞓕𞓣𞓔 𞓐𞓜𞓐𞓙 𞓐𞓢𞓝𞓚𞓓𞓕𞓣 𞓢𞓐𞓣𞓤𞓓𞓕𞓦 𞓑𞓕𞓚𞓝𞓚 𞓗𞓕𞓗𞓐𞓝 𞓣𞓤 𞓖𞓐𞓨𞓐𞓧 𞓖𞓐𞓣𞓐𞓔𞓤𞓝𞓤 𞓕𞓡𞓕𞓨𞓕𞓡 𞓐𞓜𞓐𞓦 𞓗𞓐𞓣𞓕𞓗𞓐𞓣𞓚 𞓨𞓕𞓧𞓕𞓢𞓕𞓨𞓕. 𞓚𞓨𞓢𞓟𞓦𞓢𞓤 𞓛𞓤𞓥𞓕 𞓐𞓜𞓐𞓦 𞓖𞓚𞓮𞓭 𞓑𞓤𞓪𞓤𞓦 𞓖𞓚𞓭𞓟𞓣𞓤𞓓𞓕𞓙 𞓤𞓨𞓤𞓧𞓢𞓐 𞓨𞓕𞓧𞓕𞓢𞓕𞓨𞓕 𞓐𞓜𞓐𞓙 𞓚𞓨𞓢𞓟𞓙 𞓒𞓐𞓙𞓝𞓤 𞓞𞓕𞓦𞓤𞓓𞓕 𞓗𞓐𞓓𞓕 𞓒𞓤𞓢𞓕 𞓖𞓕𞓦𞓕𞓣 𞓗𞓕𞓢𞓕𞓝𞓚𞓘𞓕𞓙.}} |
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==Unicode== |
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{{main article|Nag Mundari (Unicode block)}} |
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The Mundari Bani alphabet was added to the [[Unicode]] Standard in September, 2022 with the release of version {{Unicode version|version=15}}.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode15.0.0/ch24.pdf|title=The Unicode Standard|version=15.0.0|publisher=The Unicode Consortium|isbn=978-1-936213-32-0|date=2022}}</ref> |
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The Unicode block is called Nag Mundari (U+1E4D0–U+1E4FF): |
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{{Unicode chart Nag Mundari}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Munda scripts]] |
[[Category:Munda scripts]] |
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[[Category:Constructed scripts]] |
[[Category:Constructed scripts]] |
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[[Category:Writing systems introduced in the 1980s]] |
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[[Category:1982 introductions]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:54, 25 February 2024
| Mundari Bani 𞓧𞓟𞓨𞓜𞓕𞓣𞓚 𞓗𞓕𞓨𞓚 | |
|---|---|
 'Mundari' in Mundari Bani Script | |
| Script type | |
| Creator | Rohidas Singh Nag |
| Created | 1982 |
Time period | 1982 to present |
| Direction | Left to Right |
| Region | Odisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assam (India) |
| Languages | Mundari |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Original invention
|
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Nagm (295), Nag Mundari |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Nag Mundari |
| U+1E4D0–U+1E4FF Nag Mundari | |
Mundari Bani (Mundari: 𞓧𞓟𞓨𞓜𞓕𞓣𞓚 𞓗𞓕𞓨𞓚 Mundari Bani 'Mundari alphabet', also known as Mundari Bani Hisir Hisir 'writing', Nag Mundari 𞓨𞓕𞓦 𞓧𞓟𞓨𞓜𞓕𞓣𞓚, or the Mundari alphabet) is the writing system created for the Mundari language, spoken in eastern India. Mundari is an Austroasiatic language. Mundari Bani has 27 letters and five diacritics, the forms of which are intended to evoke natural shapes. The script is written from left to right.
Community elder and author Rohidas Singh Nag invented and published in late 1980 the alphabetic writing system Mundari Bani, which has seen limited but increasing use in literature, education, and computing.
History
[edit]Rohidas Singh Nag started designing the initial characters of Mundari bani in 1949 while in grade school, which he wrote on the walls using clay.[1][2] By 1953 he had finished a set of 35 characters. He further simplified the alphabet in 1980 by reducing it to 27 alphabetical characters. In 2008 Bharat Munda Samaj, Mundari Samaj Sanwar Jamda and Nag reformed the script in styling and adding glyphs. Since then, fonts were developed using this standard.
Nag presented the alphabet in the 1980s to then-Chief Minister of Odisha Janaki Ballabh Patnaik and submitted a memorandum to recognize the Munda language constitutionally. Nag along with others submitted a memorandum to the then president of India in 1999 appealing again for the constitutional recognition. "Mundari Samaj Sanwar Jamda", a social organisation of the Munda community based in Poda Astia, Mayurbhanj has been demanding to incorporate the Munda language in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India, to air Munda language through All India Radio, and establish a Munda language department at North Odisha University for higher studies on the basis of the writing system and literature.[3] The writing system has seen limited but increasing use in literature, education, and computing.
The script
[edit]Since the 2008 edits, Mundari Bani has 27 alphabetical characters, five diacritics, ten (decimal) digits. Their names follow traditional names. It uses Latin-script punctuation like period and comma.[2]
Sample text
[edit]The following text is Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, written in Mundari Bani (a suitable Unicode font may be required for proper viewing):[4]
𞓝𞓐𞓨𞓐𞓗-𞓱:
𞓛𞓐𞓗𞓤𞓨 𞓞𞓐𞓪𞓐 𞓢𞓐𞓢𞓤𞓮 𞓧𞓕𞓨𞓕𞓣𞓔 𞓐𞓜𞓐𞓙 𞓐𞓢𞓝𞓚𞓓𞓕𞓣 𞓢𞓐𞓣𞓤𞓓𞓕𞓦 𞓑𞓕𞓚𞓝𞓚 𞓗𞓕𞓗𞓐𞓝 𞓣𞓤 𞓖𞓐𞓨𞓐𞓧 𞓖𞓐𞓣𞓐𞓔𞓤𞓝𞓤 𞓕𞓡𞓕𞓨𞓕𞓡 𞓐𞓜𞓐𞓦 𞓗𞓐𞓣𞓕𞓗𞓐𞓣𞓚 𞓨𞓕𞓧𞓕𞓢𞓕𞓨𞓕. 𞓚𞓨𞓢𞓟𞓦𞓢𞓤 𞓛𞓤𞓥𞓕 𞓐𞓜𞓐𞓦 𞓖𞓚𞓮𞓭 𞓑𞓤𞓪𞓤𞓦 𞓖𞓚𞓭𞓟𞓣𞓤𞓓𞓕𞓙 𞓤𞓨𞓤𞓧𞓢𞓐 𞓨𞓕𞓧𞓕𞓢𞓕𞓨𞓕 𞓐𞓜𞓐𞓙 𞓚𞓨𞓢𞓟𞓙 𞓒𞓐𞓙𞓝𞓤 𞓞𞓕𞓦𞓤𞓓𞓕 𞓗𞓐𞓓𞓕 𞓒𞓤𞓢𞓕 𞓖𞓕𞓦𞓕𞓣 𞓗𞓕𞓢𞓕𞓝𞓚𞓘𞓕𞓙.
Unicode
[edit]The Mundari Bani alphabet was added to the Unicode Standard in September, 2022 with the release of version 15.0.[5] The Unicode block is called Nag Mundari (U+1E4D0–U+1E4FF):
| Nag Mundari[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+1E4Dx | 𞓐 | 𞓑 | 𞓒 | 𞓓 | 𞓔 | 𞓕 | 𞓖 | 𞓗 | 𞓘 | 𞓙 | 𞓚 | 𞓛 | 𞓜 | 𞓝 | 𞓞 | 𞓟 |
| U+1E4Ex | 𞓠 | 𞓡 | 𞓢 | 𞓣 | 𞓤 | 𞓥 | 𞓦 | 𞓧 | 𞓨 | 𞓩 | 𞓪 | 𞓫 | 𞓬 | 𞓭 | 𞓮 | 𞓯 |
| U+1E4Fx | 𞓰 | 𞓱 | 𞓲 | 𞓳 | 𞓴 | 𞓵 | 𞓶 | 𞓷 | 𞓸 | 𞓹 | ||||||
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||
References
[edit]- ^ Know Your State West Bengal. Arihant Experts. 22 August 2019. p. 272. ISBN 9789313198017.
- ^ a b Wolf-Sonkin, Lawrence; Mandal, Biswajit (8 January 2021). "L2/21-031: Proposal to Encode the Mundari Bani Script in the Universal Character Set" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2021.
- ^ "page no.96, Adivasi, A Journal of Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute (SCSTRTI)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2016.
- ^ "Mundari Bani Alphabet". Omniglot.com. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^ The Unicode Standard (PDF). 15.0.0. The Unicode Consortium. 2022. ISBN 978-1-936213-32-0.