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{{short description|Genus of trilobites (fossil)}}
{{Short description|Genus of trilobites (fossil)}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Italic title}}
{{Taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Geological range/linked|Middle Ordovician|Early Silurian}}
| fossil_range = {{Geological range/linked|Middle Ordovician|Early Silurian}}
| image = File:Flexicalymene caractaci.jpg
| image = Flexicalymene caractaci.jpg
| image_caption = ''Flexicalymene caractaci'' Salter, 1865, from the Caradoc Series of Shropshire, England.
| image_caption = ''Flexicalymene caractaci'' (Salter, 1865) from the Caradoc Series of Shropshire, England.
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| taxon = Flexicalymene
| authority = Shirly, 1936
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
⚫
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| classis = †[[Trilobita]]
⚫
| subdivision = See text
| ordo = †[[Phacopida]]
| subordo = †[[Calymenina]]
| familia = †[[Calymenidae]]
| genus = †''Flexicalymene''
⚫
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
⚫
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
}}


[[File:Trilobite Flexicalymene by Nick Longrich.jpg|thumb|alt=Flexicalymene from Morocco|''Flexicalymene'' from Morocco]]
'''''Flexicalymene''''' Shirley, 1936,<ref>{{cite web|title=†Flexicalymene Shirley 1936 (trilobite)|url=http://www.paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=basicTaxonInfo&taxon_no=21574|publisher=Paleobiology Database|accessdate=21 August 2011}}</ref>is a genus of trilobites belonging to the order [[Phacopida]], suborder [[Calymenina]] and Family [[Calymenidae]]. ''Flexicalymene'' specimens can be mistaken for ''[[Calymene]]'', ''[[Gravicalymene]]'', ''[[Diacalymene]]'' and a few other [[Calymenina]] genera. They are used as an index fossil in the [[Ordovician]]. Ohio and North America are particularly known for being rich with ''Flexicalymene'' fossils.
'''''Flexicalymene''''' Shirley, 1936.<ref>SHIRLEY, J. 1936. Some British trilobites of the family Calymenidae. ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London'' '''92''', 384 - 421.</ref> is a genus of trilobites belonging to the order [[Phacopida]], suborder [[Calymenina]] and Family [[Calymenidae]]. ''Flexicalymene'' specimens can be mistaken for ''[[Calymene]]'', ''[[Gravicalymene]]'', ''[[Diacalymene]]'' and a few other [[Calymenina]] genera. They are used as an index fossil in the [[Ordovician]]. Ohio and North America are particularly known for being rich with ''Flexicalymene'' fossils.

==Diagnosis==
"Glabella parabolic to bell-shaped in outline, with three or four lateral lobes and furrows. Lacks buttress(es) from fixed cheek to lateral
glabellar lobe(s). Does not have preglabellar field. No distinct crescentic area outside lateral lobe l p. Facial sutures gonatoparian (exceptionally, can be proparian in Flexicalymene). Genal spines absent. Hypostome without discrete protuberance on anterior lobe of median body." (Siveter, 1976, p.&nbsp;353)<ref>SIVETER, D. J. 1976 The Middle Ordovician of the Oslo Region, Norway. 27. Trilobites of the family Calymenidae. ''Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift'', Vol. '''56''', pp. 335 - 396. Oslo.</ref>


==Type species==
==Type species==
* ''Flexicalymene caractaci'' ([[John William Salter|Salter]], 1865). By original designation, ''Calymene blumenbachii'' var. ''Caractaci'' Salter, 1865 from the Marshbrookian, ''Dalmanella unguis'' Biozone ([[Caradoc Series]]) of Marshwood Quarry, near Marshbrook, [[Shropshire]], England.<ref>Salter, J. W. 1865. A monograph of the British trilobites from the [[Cambrian]], [[Silurian]] and [[Devonian]] formations. ''Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society'', 81 - 128, pls. 17 - 14.</ref>
* ''Flexicalymene caractaci'' ([[John William Salter|Salter]], 1865). By original designation and by monotypy, ''Calymene blumenbachii'' var. ''Caractaci'' Salter, 1865 from the Marshbrookian, ''Dalmanella unguis'' Biozone ([[Caradoc Series]]) of Marshwood Quarry, near Marshbrook, [[Shropshire]], England.<ref>SALTER, J. W. 1865. A monograph of the British trilobites from the [[Cambrian]], [[Silurian]] and [[Devonian]] formations. ''Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society'', 81 - 128, pls. 17 - 14.</ref>


===Other species===
===Other species===
* ''Flexicalymene cambrensis'' (Salter, 1865), from the Lower [[Llandeilo Group]] of Llan Mill, near [[Narberth]], [[Dyfed]], [[Wales]].
* ''Flexicalymene cambrensis'' (Salter, 1865), from the Lower [[Llandeilo Group]] of Llan Mill, near [[Narberth, Pembrokeshire|Narberth]], [[Dyfed]], [[Wales]].
* ''Flexicalymene acantha'' Bancroft, 1949, from the Harnage Shale Formation (Harnagian Stage), near Horderley, Shropshire, England.<ref>Dean, W. T., 1963, The Ordovician trilobite faunas of South Shropshire, III; ''British Mus. Nat. History Bull., Geology'', v. '''7''', no. 8, p. 216 , pl. 37, figs. 1, 3 - 6, 14.</ref>
* ''Flexicalymene acantha'' Bancroft, 1949,<ref>BANCROFT, B. B. 1949. Upper Ordovician trilobites of zonal value in south-east Shropshire (Edited by [[Archibald Lamont|A. Lamont]]). ''Proc. R. Soc''. (B), '''136''', pp. 291 - 315, pls. 9 - 11.</ref><ref>LAMONT, A. 1946. '''Mr. B. B. Bancroft'''. Nature '''157''', p. 42. https://rdcu.be/cfPbu</ref> from the Harnage Shale Formation (Harnagian Stage), near Horderley, Shropshire, England.<ref>DEAN, W. T. 1963. The Ordovician trilobite faunas of South Shropshire, III; ''British Mus. Nat. History Bull., Geology'', v. '''7''', no. '''8''', p. 216 , pl. 37, figs. 1, 3 - 6, 14.</ref>
* ''Flexicalymene incerta'' Barrande, 1852.<ref>BARRANDE, J. 1852. ''Systême silurien du centre de la Bohême: lère partie, Crustacés: Trilobites''. 935 pp. Privately published, Prague & Paris.</ref> Found only at Lower part of wooded slope above railroad facing Přeštínská Railway Station (Ordovician of Czech Republic). Assigned by Dean (1963).
* ''Flexicalymene incerta'' Barrande, 1852,<ref>BARRANDE, J. 1852. ''Systême silurien du centre de la Bohême: lère partie, Crustacés: Trilobites''. 935 pp. Privately published, Prague & Paris.</ref> Found only at Lower part of wooded slope above railroad facing Přeštínská Railway Station (Ordovician of Czech Republic). Assigned by Dean (1963).
* ''Flexicalymene planimarginata'' (Reed, 1906), from the Lower Longvillian (Caradoc Series) of Ynys Galed, 4 km west of [[Dolbenmaen]], [[Gwynedd]], Wales.<ref> Reed, F. R. C. 1906. The Lower Palaeozoic trilobites of the Girvan district, Ayrshire. Part 3. ''Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society'', 97 - 186, pls. 14 - 20.</ref>
* ''Flexicalymene planimarginata'' (Reed, 1906), from the Lower Longvillian (Caradoc Series) of Ynys Galed, 4&nbsp;km west of [[Dolbenmaen]], [[Gwynedd]], Wales.<ref>REED, F. R. C. 1906. The Lower Palaeozoic trilobites of the Girvan district, Ayrshire. Part 3. ''Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society'', pp. 97 - 186, pls. 14 - 20.</ref>
* ''Flexicalymene cavei'' Price, 1974, from a Cautleyan marine limestone in the Sholeshook Formation of Moldin, near Llanddowror, [[Carmarthenshire]], Wales.<ref>Price, D. 1974. Trilobites from the Sholeshook Limestone (Ashgill) of South Wales. ''Palaeontology'' '''17''' (4): 841 - 868.</ref>
* ''Flexicalymene cavei'' Price, 1974, from a Cautleyan marine limestone in the Sholeshook Formation of Moldin, near Llanddowror, [[Carmarthenshire]], Wales.<ref>PRICE, D. 1974. Trilobites from the Sholeshook Limestone (Ashgill) of South Wales. ''Palaeontology'' '''17''' (4): pp. 841 - 868.</ref>
* ''Flexicalymene shirleyi'' Tripp, 1954. Caradoc marine mudstone in the Craighead Formation (Balclatchie Group), Caradoc Series, of Craighead Quarry near Girvan, Ayrshire, Scotland.<ref>Tripp, R. P. 1954. Caradocian trilobites from the mudstones at Craighead Quarry, near Girvan, Ayrshire. ''Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh'' '''62''' (3): 655 - 693.</ref>
* ''Flexicalymene shirleyi'' Tripp, 1954. From mudstone in the Ardwell Group, Balclatchie Formation (Caradoc Series) of Craighead Quarry near Girvan, Ayrshire, Scotland.<ref>TRIPP, R. P. 1954. Caradocian trilobites from the mudstones at Craighead Quarry, near Girvan, Ayrshire. ''Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh'' '''62''' (3): 655 - 693.</ref>
* ''Flexicalymene scotica'' [[Archibald Lamont|Lamont]], (1949, p. 315, P1. 18, figs. 6, 7), uppermost Ordovician (Hirnantian), Girvan, Ayrshire, Scotland.<ref>Owen, A. W. 1986. The uppermost Ordovician (Hirnantian) trilobites of Girvan, SW Scotland with a review of coeval trilobite faunas. ''Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh'' '''77''': 231 - 239.</ref>
* ''Flexicalymene scotica'' [[Archibald Lamont|Lamont]], (1949, p.&nbsp;315, P1. 18, figs. 6, 7), uppermost Ordovician (Hirnantian), Girvan, Ayrshire, Scotland.<ref>OWEN, A. W. 1986. The uppermost Ordovician (Hirnantian) trilobites of Girvan, SW Scotland with a review of coeval trilobite faunas. ''Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh'' '''77''': 231 - 239.</ref>
* ''Flexicalymene verecunda'' Dean, 1979. From limestone/shale on unsurfaced road leading from Lourdes to Clam Bank Cove in the Long Point Group (Ordovician) and Winterhouse Formation, [[Port au Port Peninsula]], southwestern Newfoundland, Canada.<ref>Dean, W. T. 1979. Trilobites from the Long Point Group (Ordovician), Port au Port Peninsula, southwestern Newfoundland. ''Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin'' 2'''90''': 1 - 53.</ref>
* ''Flexicalymene verecunda'' Dean, 1979. From limestone/shale on unsurfaced road leading from Lourdes to Clam Bank Cove in the Long Point Group (Ordovician) and Winterhouse Formation, [[Port au Port Peninsula]], southwestern Newfoundland, Canada.<ref>DEAN, W. T. 1979. Trilobites from the Long Point Group (Ordovician), Port au Port Peninsula, southwestern Newfoundland. ''Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin'' 2'''90''': pp. 1 - 53.</ref>
* ''Flexicalymene croneisi'' Roy, 1941. Upper Ordovician, [[Baffin Island]], ([[Ontario]]).<ref>Roy, S. K. 1941. The Upper Ordovician fauna of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island. ''Field Museum of Natural History''. Geology, Memoirs '''2''': 1 - 212.</ref>
* ''Flexicalymene croneisi'' [[Sharat Kumar Roy|Roy]], 1941. Upper Ordovician, [[Baffin Island]], ([[Ontario]]).<ref>ROY, S. K. 1941. The Upper Ordovician fauna of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island. ''Field Museum of Natural History''. Geology, Memoirs '''2''': 1 - 212.</ref>
* ''Flexicalymene meeki'' Foerste, 1910. <ref>Foerste, A. F. 1910. Preliminary notes on Cincinnatian and Lexington fossils of Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee. ''Bulletin of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University'' '''16''' (1): 17 - 100.</ref> From the Ordovician of Ontario and [[Quebec]] in Canada and, [[Indiana]], [[Kentucky]], [[Michigan]], [[Ohio]] and [[Tennessee]] in the USA.
* ''Flexicalymene meeki'' Foerste, 1910.<ref>FOERSTE, A. F. 1910. Preliminary notes on Cincinnatian and Lexington fossils of Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. ''Bulletin of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University'' '''16''' (1): pp. 17 - 100.</ref> From the Ordovician of Ontario and [[Quebec]] in Canada and, [[Indiana]], [[Kentucky]], [[Michigan]], [[Ohio]] and [[Tennessee]] in the USA.
* ''Flexicalymene retrorsa'' Foerste, 1910. Type locality is half a mile above the mouth of Silver creek, east of [[Dunlapsville, Indiana|Dunlapsville]], Late Ordovician (Richmondian) [[Waynesville Formation]] of Indiana. The species is also recorded from Quebec, Canada and Ohio, Kentucky USA.
* ''Flexicalymene retrorsa'' Foerste, 1910. Type locality is half a mile above the mouth of Silver creek, east of [[Dunlapsville, Indiana|Dunlapsville]], Late Ordovician (Richmondian) [[Waynesville Formation]] of Indiana. The species is also recorded from Quebec, Canada and Ohio, Kentucky USA.
* ''Flexicalymene granulosa'' (Ohio, Kentucky and Quebec).
* ''Flexicalymene granulosa'' (Ohio, Kentucky and Quebec).
* ''Flexicalymene senaria'' Conrad, 1841. From the Ordovician of Canada (Ontario, Quebec, Québec), [[Sweden]], United States (Illinois, [[Iowa]], Michigan, [[Minnesota]], [[Missouri]], [[New York (state)|New York]], Tennessee and [[Virginia]].
* ''Flexicalymene senaria'' Conrad, 1841.<ref>CONRAD, T. A. 1841. Fifth annual report on the paleontology of the state of New York. ''New York Geological Survey, Annual Report'' '''5''': pp. 25 - 57</ref> From the Ordovician of Canada (Ontario, Quebec, Québec), [[Sweden]], United States (Illinois, [[Iowa]], Michigan, [[Minnesota]], [[Missouri]], [[New York (state)|New York]], Tennessee and [[Virginia]].
* ''Flexicalymene ouzregui'' Ordovician, Morocco.
* ''Flexicalymene ouzregui'' Ordovician, Morocco.
* ''Flexicalymene tazarensis'' Ordovician, Morocco.
* ''Flexicalymene tazarensis'' Ordovician, Morocco.
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[[Category:Paleozoic life of Nunavut]]
[[Category:Paleozoic life of Nunavut]]
[[Category:Paleozoic life of Quebec]]
[[Category:Paleozoic life of Quebec]]


{{phacopida-stub}}

Latest revision as of 18:38, 25 February 2024

Flexicalymene
Flexicalymene caractaci (Salter, 1865) from the Caradoc Series of Shropshire, England.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: †Trilobita
Order: †Phacopida
Family: †Calymenidae
Genus: †Flexicalymene
Shirly, 1936
Species

See text

Flexicalymene from Morocco
Flexicalymene from Morocco

Flexicalymene Shirley, 1936.[1] is a genus of trilobites belonging to the order Phacopida, suborder Calymenina and Family Calymenidae. Flexicalymene specimens can be mistaken for Calymene, Gravicalymene, Diacalymene and a few other Calymenina genera. They are used as an index fossil in the Ordovician. Ohio and North America are particularly known for being rich with Flexicalymene fossils.

Diagnosis

[edit]

"Glabella parabolic to bell-shaped in outline, with three or four lateral lobes and furrows. Lacks buttress(es) from fixed cheek to lateral glabellar lobe(s). Does not have preglabellar field. No distinct crescentic area outside lateral lobe l p. Facial sutures gonatoparian (exceptionally, can be proparian in Flexicalymene). Genal spines absent. Hypostome without discrete protuberance on anterior lobe of median body." (Siveter, 1976, p. 353)[2]

Type species

[edit]
  • Flexicalymene caractaci (Salter, 1865). By original designation and by monotypy, Calymene blumenbachii var. Caractaci Salter, 1865 from the Marshbrookian, Dalmanella unguis Biozone (Caradoc Series) of Marshwood Quarry, near Marshbrook, Shropshire, England.[3]

Other species

[edit]
  • Flexicalymene cambrensis (Salter, 1865), from the Lower Llandeilo Group of Llan Mill, near Narberth, Dyfed, Wales.
  • Flexicalymene acantha Bancroft, 1949,[4][5] from the Harnage Shale Formation (Harnagian Stage), near Horderley, Shropshire, England.[6]
  • Flexicalymene incerta Barrande, 1852,[7] Found only at Lower part of wooded slope above railroad facing Přeštínská Railway Station (Ordovician of Czech Republic). Assigned by Dean (1963).
  • Flexicalymene planimarginata (Reed, 1906), from the Lower Longvillian (Caradoc Series) of Ynys Galed, 4 km west of Dolbenmaen, Gwynedd, Wales.[8]
  • Flexicalymene cavei Price, 1974, from a Cautleyan marine limestone in the Sholeshook Formation of Moldin, near Llanddowror, Carmarthenshire, Wales.[9]
  • Flexicalymene shirleyi Tripp, 1954. From mudstone in the Ardwell Group, Balclatchie Formation (Caradoc Series) of Craighead Quarry near Girvan, Ayrshire, Scotland.[10]
  • Flexicalymene scotica Lamont, (1949, p. 315, P1. 18, figs. 6, 7), uppermost Ordovician (Hirnantian), Girvan, Ayrshire, Scotland.[11]
  • Flexicalymene verecunda Dean, 1979. From limestone/shale on unsurfaced road leading from Lourdes to Clam Bank Cove in the Long Point Group (Ordovician) and Winterhouse Formation, Port au Port Peninsula, southwestern Newfoundland, Canada.[12]
  • Flexicalymene croneisi Roy, 1941. Upper Ordovician, Baffin Island, (Ontario).[13]
  • Flexicalymene meeki Foerste, 1910.[14] From the Ordovician of Ontario and Quebec in Canada and, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio and Tennessee in the USA.
  • Flexicalymene retrorsa Foerste, 1910. Type locality is half a mile above the mouth of Silver creek, east of Dunlapsville, Late Ordovician (Richmondian) Waynesville Formation of Indiana. The species is also recorded from Quebec, Canada and Ohio, Kentucky USA.
  • Flexicalymene granulosa (Ohio, Kentucky and Quebec).
  • Flexicalymene senaria Conrad, 1841.[15] From the Ordovician of Canada (Ontario, Quebec, Québec), Sweden, United States (Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New York, Tennessee and Virginia.
  • Flexicalymene ouzregui Ordovician, Morocco.
  • Flexicalymene tazarensis Ordovician, Morocco.
[edit]
  • Flexicalymene meeki; Waynesville Formation; Upper Ordovician; Caesar Creek, Ohio.
    Flexicalymene meeki; Waynesville Formation; Upper Ordovician; Caesar Creek, Ohio.
  • Flexicalymene meeki; Waynesville Formation; Upper Ordovician; Caesar Creek, Ohio.
    Flexicalymene meeki; Waynesville Formation; Upper Ordovician; Caesar Creek, Ohio.
  • F. meeki
    F. meeki
  • Flexicalymene species on display at State Museum of Pennsylvania. Specimen is approximately 3 cm long
    Flexicalymene species on display at State Museum of Pennsylvania. Specimen is approximately 3 cm long
  • Rolled F. ouzregui
    Rolled F. ouzregui

References

[edit]
  1. ^ SHIRLEY, J. 1936. Some British trilobites of the family Calymenidae. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 92, 384 - 421.
  2. ^ SIVETER, D. J. 1976 The Middle Ordovician of the Oslo Region, Norway. 27. Trilobites of the family Calymenidae. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Vol. 56, pp. 335 - 396. Oslo.
  3. ^ SALTER, J. W. 1865. A monograph of the British trilobites from the Cambrian, Silurian and Devonian formations. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, 81 - 128, pls. 17 - 14.
  4. ^ BANCROFT, B. B. 1949. Upper Ordovician trilobites of zonal value in south-east Shropshire (Edited by A. Lamont). Proc. R. Soc. (B), 136, pp. 291 - 315, pls. 9 - 11.
  5. ^ LAMONT, A. 1946. Mr. B. B. Bancroft. Nature 157, p. 42. https://rdcu.be/cfPbu
  6. ^ DEAN, W. T. 1963. The Ordovician trilobite faunas of South Shropshire, III; British Mus. Nat. History Bull., Geology, v. 7, no. 8, p. 216 , pl. 37, figs. 1, 3 - 6, 14.
  7. ^ BARRANDE, J. 1852. Systême silurien du centre de la Bohême: lère partie, Crustacés: Trilobites. 935 pp. Privately published, Prague & Paris.
  8. ^ REED, F. R. C. 1906. The Lower Palaeozoic trilobites of the Girvan district, Ayrshire. Part 3. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society, pp. 97 - 186, pls. 14 - 20.
  9. ^ PRICE, D. 1974. Trilobites from the Sholeshook Limestone (Ashgill) of South Wales. Palaeontology 17 (4): pp. 841 - 868.
  10. ^ TRIPP, R. P. 1954. Caradocian trilobites from the mudstones at Craighead Quarry, near Girvan, Ayrshire. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 62 (3): 655 - 693.
  11. ^ OWEN, A. W. 1986. The uppermost Ordovician (Hirnantian) trilobites of Girvan, SW Scotland with a review of coeval trilobite faunas. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 77: 231 - 239.
  12. ^ DEAN, W. T. 1979. Trilobites from the Long Point Group (Ordovician), Port au Port Peninsula, southwestern Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 290: pp. 1 - 53.
  13. ^ ROY, S. K. 1941. The Upper Ordovician fauna of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island. Field Museum of Natural History. Geology, Memoirs 2: 1 - 212.
  14. ^ FOERSTE, A. F. 1910. Preliminary notes on Cincinnatian and Lexington fossils of Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. Bulletin of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University 16 (1): pp. 17 - 100.
  15. ^ CONRAD, T. A. 1841. Fifth annual report on the paleontology of the state of New York. New York Geological Survey, Annual Report 5: pp. 25 - 57
[edit]
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