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{{Short description|Class of chemicals derived from steroids}} |
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[[Image:Cholecalciferol.svg|thumb|[[Cholecalciferol]] (vitamin D{{ssub|3}}), an example of a 9,10-secosteroid. The [[hydroxyl group]] (HO-) is in position C3 of the parent steroid A-ring. The [[triene]] substructure attached to the ring bearing the hydroxyl group is a result of the ring scission (cleavage) giving rise to this secosteroid.]] |
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{{nodisplay-span|1={{r|n1=IUPAC-IUB|r1={{cite web | url = http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/sbcs/iupac/steroid/ | title = The Nomenclature of Steroids | author = Moss GP and the Working Party of the IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature | publisher = Queen Mary University of London}} also available as {{cite journal | journal = [[Pure and Applied Chemistry|Pure Appl. Chem.]] | volume = 61 | issue = 10 | pages = 1786f | year = 1989 | title = Nomenclature of Steroids (Recommendations 1989) | author = Moss GP | doi = 10.1351/pac198961101783| quote = | doi-access = free }}}}}} |
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[[File:Cholecalciferol-numbered.svg|thumb|[[Cholecalciferol]], an example of a 9,10-secosteroid. [[IUPAC]]-approved carbon numbering and ring labeling is shown in the picture. Since secosteroids are derived from steroids, they retain the same labeling system as steroids. |
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{{r|n1=IUPAC-IUB|loc1=§3S-8|a1=#<sup>'''''[[#L1a|a]] [[#L1b|b]] [[#L1c|c]]'''''</sup> Chapters [https://iupac.qmul.ac.uk/steroid/3S089.html 3S-8 "Ring fission" and 3S-9 "Vitamin D group"]|link-id=L1a}}]] |
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A '''secosteroid''' ( |
A '''secosteroid''' ({{IPAc-en|'|s|ɛ|k|oʊ|,|s|t|ɛ|r|ɔɪ|d}}) is a type of [[steroid]] with a "broken" ring. The word ''secosteroid ''derives from the Latin verb ''secare'' meaning "to cut",<ref name = "Ayers">{{cite book | author = Ayers D | title = Bioscientific Terminology | year = 1972 | publisher = University of Arizona Press | location = Tucson | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CTwh-QaifQkC | isbn = 978-0-8165-0305-6 }}</ref>{{rp|241}} and 'steroid'. Secosteroids are described as a subclass of steroids under the [[IUPAC]] nomenclature.{{r|n1=IUPAC-IUB|loc1=§3S-1|a1=#[[#L2|^]] (esp. 3S-1.4, incl. note 4) "Steroids are compounds possessing the skeleton of cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene or a skeleton derived therefrom by one or more bond scissions or ring expansions or contractions."|link-id=L2}}<ref name=HillDict>{{cite book |author1=Hill RA |author2=Makin HL |author3=Kirk DN |author4=Murphy GM | title = Dictionary of Steroids | date = 1991 | publisher = Chapman & Hall | location = London | isbn = 978-0-412-27060-4 | edition = 1st }}</ref> Some sources instead describe them as compounds derived from steroids.<ref name = "TheFreeDictionary">{{cite web | url = http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/secosteroid | title = Definition of secosteroid | publisher = TheFreeDictionary.com | work = Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary | quote = A compound derived from a steroid in which there has been a ring cleavage. }}</ref> |
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Types or subclasses of secosteroids are defined by the carbon atoms of the parent steroid skeleton where the ring cleavage has taken place. For example, 9,10-secosteroids derived from [[bond cleavage|cleavage |
Types or subclasses of secosteroids are defined by the carbon atoms of the parent steroid skeleton where the ring cleavage has taken place. For example, 9,10-secosteroids are derived from [[bond cleavage|cleavage of the bond]] between carbon atoms C9 and C10 of the steroid B-ring (similarly 5,6-secosteroids, 13,14-secosteroids, etc.).{{r|n1=IUPAC-IUB|loc1=§3S-8|link-id=L1c}} |
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The prototypical secosteroid is [[cholecalciferol]] (vitamin D<sub>3</sub>).<ref name="pmid20424788">{{cite journal | author = Hanson JR | title = Steroids: partial synthesis in medicinal chemistry | journal = Nat Prod Rep | volume = 27 | issue = 6 | pages = 887–99 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20424788 | doi = 10.1039/c001262a |
The prototypical secosteroid is [[cholecalciferol]] (vitamin D<sub>3</sub>).<ref name="pmid20424788">{{cite journal | author = Hanson JR | title = Steroids: partial synthesis in medicinal chemistry | journal = Nat Prod Rep | volume = 27 | issue = 6 | pages = 887–99 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20424788 | doi = 10.1039/c001262a }}</ref> Its IUPAC systematic is "(5''Z'',7''E'')-(3''S'')-'''9,10-seco'''cholestra-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol".{{r|n1=IUPAC-IUB|loc1=§3S-8|link-id=L1b}} |
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Some [[nonsteroidal estrogen]]s, like [[doisynolic acid]] (cleaved on the D ring)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyers |first1=CY |last2=Kolb |first2=VM |last3=Gass |first3=GH |last4=Rao |first4=BR |last5=Roos |first5=CF |last6=Dandliker |first6=WB |title=Doisynolic-type acids--uterotropically potent estrogens which compete poorly with estradiol for cytosolic estradiol receptors. |journal=Journal of Steroid Biochemistry |date=October 1988 |volume=31 |issue=4A |pages=393–404 |doi=10.1016/0022-4731(88)90307-x |pmid=3172773}}</ref> and [[allenolic acid]],{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} are also secosteroids or secosteroid-like compounds. |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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Latest revision as of 11:20, 28 February 2024
A secosteroid (/ˈsɛkoʊˌstɛrɔɪd/) is a type of steroid with a "broken" ring. The word secosteroid derives from the Latin verb secare meaning "to cut",[2]: 241 and 'steroid'. Secosteroids are described as a subclass of steroids under the IUPAC nomenclature.[1]: §3S-1 [3] Some sources instead describe them as compounds derived from steroids.[4]
Types or subclasses of secosteroids are defined by the carbon atoms of the parent steroid skeleton where the ring cleavage has taken place. For example, 9,10-secosteroids are derived from cleavage of the bond between carbon atoms C9 and C10 of the steroid B-ring (similarly 5,6-secosteroids, 13,14-secosteroids, etc.).[1]: §3S-8
The prototypical secosteroid is cholecalciferol (vitamin D3).[5] Its IUPAC systematic is "(5Z,7E)-(3S)-9,10-secocholestra-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol".[1]: §3S-8
Some nonsteroidal estrogens, like doisynolic acid (cleaved on the D ring)[6] and allenolic acid,[citation needed] are also secosteroids or secosteroid-like compounds.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Moss GP and the Working Party of the IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature. "The Nomenclature of Steroids". Queen Mary University of London. also available as Moss GP (1989). "Nomenclature of Steroids (Recommendations 1989)". Pure Appl. Chem. 61 (10): 1786f. doi:10.1351/pac198961101783.
- a b c Chapters 3S-8 "Ring fission" and 3S-9 "Vitamin D group"
- ^ (esp. 3S-1.4, incl. note 4) "Steroids are compounds possessing the skeleton of cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene or a skeleton derived therefrom by one or more bond scissions or ring expansions or contractions."
- ^ Ayers D (1972). Bioscientific Terminology. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0-8165-0305-6.
- ^ Hill RA; Makin HL; Kirk DN; Murphy GM (1991). Dictionary of Steroids (1st ed.). London: Chapman & Hall. ISBN 978-0-412-27060-4.
- ^ "Definition of secosteroid". Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary. TheFreeDictionary.com.
A compound derived from a steroid in which there has been a ring cleavage.
- ^ Hanson JR (2010). "Steroids: partial synthesis in medicinal chemistry". Nat Prod Rep. 27 (6): 887–99. doi:10.1039/c001262a. PMID 20424788.
- ^ Meyers, CY; Kolb, VM; Gass, GH; Rao, BR; Roos, CF; Dandliker, WB (October 1988). "Doisynolic-type acids--uterotropically potent estrogens which compete poorly with estradiol for cytosolic estradiol receptors". Journal of Steroid Biochemistry. 31 (4A): 393–404. doi:10.1016/0022-4731(88)90307-x. PMID 3172773.
External links
[edit]- Secosteroids at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)