Origin of the Talysh people: Difference between revisions

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+#REDIRECT [[Talysh people#Origins]]
-'''The ethnogenesis of the Talysh''' is a process of the formation of an [[Iranian peoples|Iranian-speaking people]] that took place in the [[Talysh Khanate|south-eastern Transcaucasia]] and [[Gilan Province|north-western Iran.]]
-==Background==
-Elucidation of ethnogenesis is associated with certain difficulties. First of all, it is a meager factual base that can be compensated for by materials of language, toponymy, mythology, historical legends, etc. The toponym "Talysh" is known from medieval Arabic sources, in particular, it is found in the Iranian historian al-Tabari, who designated the Talysh as "al-thailasan". [[Al-Tabari]] writes: "In the mountains around [[Adurbadagan|Azerbaijan]] lived such peoples as [[Gelae (Scythian tribe)|Gelae]] (one of the tribes of the ancient [[Cadusii]]) and al-Tailasan, who did not obey the [[Arabs]] and were free and independent."<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Мамедов|first1=А. А.|last2=Оришев|first2=А. Б.|date=2015|title=ЭТНОГЕНЕЗ ТАЛЫШСКОГО НАРОДА|url=http://fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=36949|journal=Фундаментальные исследования|language=ru-RU|volume=4|issue=2|issn=1812-7339}}</ref> There are still many blank spots in the issue of the ethnogenesis of the Talysh. Unlike most of the peoples of the Caucasus, the genetic diversity of the northern Talysh is still practically not studied. There is only some information about the demographic structure and genetic polymorphism of haptoglobin, transferrin, group-specific component, and albumin in the Talysh of the village of Pirasora, Lerik region of Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Асадова|first=Первин Шамсаддия кызы|date=Москва- 2010|title=ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ТАЛЫШЕЙ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА ПО ДАННЫМ О ПОЛИМОРФИЗМЕ МИТОХОНДРИАЛЬНОИ ДНК, Y-ХРОМОСОМЫ И ИММУНО-БИОХИМИЧЕСКИХ МАРКЕРОВ|journal=Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова РАН}}</ref> Ancient and medieval tribes or peoples took part in the formation of the ethnic group represented by the Talysh. In antiquity, the territory of the Talysh was inhabited by the Iranian-speaking tribes of the [[Scythians]], who were mentioned in the descriptions of the ancient Greeks under different names. One of these tribes was the [[Gelae (Scythian tribe)|Scythian Gelae]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Васильевна|first=Тревер, Камилла|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IJHHDQAAQBAJ&q=%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8&pg=PP45|title=Очерки по истории и культуре Кавказской Албании: IV в. до н.э.- VII в. н.э.|date=1959-01-01|publisher=АН СССР, Москва-Ленинград|language=ru}}</ref> which the Greeks called the Cadusii, but according to other sources, Cadusii was the name for three tribes represented by the [[Aorsi]], [[Dahae]] and [[Gelae (Scythian tribe)|Gelae]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Морошкин|first=Феодор Лукич|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cWtcAAAAcAAJ&q=%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B++%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8&pg=PA293|title=О значении имени Руссов и Славян|date=1840|publisher=В Университетской Типографии|language=ru}}</ref> But [[Gelae (Scythian tribe)|gelae]] are also often mentioned by ancient authors with [[legae]], from which the modern name of the city of [[Lerik, Azerbaijan|Lerik]] in the [[Azerbaijan|Republic of Azerbaijan]] originates. The [[Talysh people|Talysh]] call [[Lerik, Azerbaijan|Lerik]] as "Lik".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2WNPAQAAIAAJ|title=Азәрбајҹан ССР Елмләр Академијасынын хәбәрләри: Известия Академии наук Азербайджанской ССР. Серия литературы, языка и искусства. Әдәбијјат, дил вә инҹәсәнәт серијасы|date=1981|publisher=Азәрбајҹан ССР ЕА Нәшријјаты|language=tt}}</ref> The Scythian origin of the Talysh is also indicated by the name of the city [[Astara, Iran|Astara]], which is given in the sources as the name of the Scythian goddess "Tara".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Кикешев|first=Николай|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u6eMDwAAQBAJ&q=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%90%D1%81+%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0&pg=PA63|title=История Евразии. Истоки. Гипотезы. Открытия. Том 2. Великие исходы|date=2019-04-06|publisher=Litres|isbn=978-5-04-159027-7|language=ru}}</ref> We must also not forget about the results of archeology, which were carried out by [[Jacques de Morgan]], where he gives the mounds<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Лэнг|first1=Дэвид|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ELlDQAAQBAJ&q=%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&pg=PT109|title=Древний Кавказ. От доисторических поселений Анатолии до христианских царств раннего Средневековья|last2=Берни|first2=Чарльз|date=2017-09-05|publisher=Litres|isbn=978-5-04-014827-1|language=ru}}</ref> of [[Lankaran]] and [[Astara, Azerbaijan|Astara]] a [[Scythians|Scythian]] origin.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Лапуж|first=Жорж Ваше|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EuVoAwAAQBAJ&q=%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%8B&pg=PT286|title=Ариец и его социальная роль|date=2017-09-05|publisher=Litres|isbn=978-5-457-59208-7|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Махмудов|first=Фарман|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j_8rAQAAMAAJ|title=Культура Юго-Восточного Азербайджана в эпоху бронзы и раннего железа|date=2008|publisher=Izd-vo Nafta-Press|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Пиотровский|first=Борис Борисович|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P0fRAAAAMAAJ|title=Ванское царство: (Урарту).|date=1959|publisher=Izd-vo vostochnoĭ lit-ry|language=ru}}</ref>
-== Genetics ==
-Longevity is widespread among the rural residents of the Talysh population, which is largely facilitated by the unpolluted habitat of the highlanders, moderate and often plant-based nutrition, and constant physical labor. During the expedition to the [[Talysh Mountains]], there were no Talysh or [[Talysh people]] suffering from obesity. At the same time, the especially high life expectancy in individual families of Talysh makes us assume the presence of a genetic component of longevity. Population-genetic studies carried out in the village of [[Pirəsora|Pirasora]] showed that none of the studied loci did not deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (the loci of haptoglobin HP, group-specific protein GC, transferrin TF, albumin Alb were studied). The distribution of allele frequencies in the Talysh population of Pirasora corresponds to that of [[Caucasoid]] populations. The average heterozygosity for all loci, equal to 0.17297, indicates a significant homozygosity of the Talysh population. As a result of studies, the gene frequencies of the Talysh population have shown that the genetic distance between the Talysh and Iranians of [[Shiraz]] is the smallest.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Назарова|first=Ариадна Филипповна|date=г Нижний Новгород 2006|title=Структура популяций, микроэволюция и изменчивость населения Евразии}}</ref>
-== References ==
-{{Reflist}}
-[[Category:History of Talysh]]
-[[Category:Talysh people]]