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|name=Great Lakes Bantu
|name=Great Lakes Bantu
|altname=Bantu zone J
|altname=Bantu zone J
|region=[[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Lake Victoria]]
|region=[[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]] and the [[DRC]]
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]
|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]
|fam3=[[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]]
|fam3=[[Volta-Congo]]
|fam4=[[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]]
|fam4=[[Southern Bantoid languages|Southern Bantoid]]
|fam5=[[Bantoid]]
|fam6=[[Southern Bantoid languages|Southern Bantoid]]
|fam5=[[Bantu languages|Bantu]]
|fam7=[[Bantu languages|Bantu]]
|fam6=[[Northeast Bantu]]
|fam8=[[Northeast Bantu]]
|protoname='''Proto-Great Lakes Bantu'''<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/183030|jstor = 183030|title = We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture between the Great Lakes|last1 = Schoenbrun|first1 = David L.|journal = The Journal of African History|year = 1993|volume = 34|issue = 1|pages = 1–31|doi = 10.1017/S0021853700032989| s2cid=162660041 |url-access = subscription}}</ref>
|protoname=Proto-Great Lakes Bantu
|glotto=grea1289
|glotto=grea1289
|glottorefname=Great Lakes Bantu
|glottorefname=Great Lakes Bantu
Line 15: Line 17:


The '''Great Lakes Bantu languages''', also known as '''Lacustrine Bantu''' and '''Bantu zone J''', are a group of [[Bantu languages]] of East Africa. They were recognized as a group by the ''Tervuren'' team, who posited them as an additional zone (zone J) to [[Guthrie classification of Bantu languages|Guthrie's largely geographic classification]] of Bantu.<ref>Derek Nurse, 2003, ''The Bantu Languages''</ref>
The '''Great Lakes Bantu languages''', also known as '''Lacustrine Bantu''' and '''Bantu zone J''', are a group of [[Bantu languages]] of East Africa. They were recognized as a group by the ''Tervuren'' team, who posited them as an additional zone (zone J) to [[Guthrie classification of Bantu languages|Guthrie's largely geographic classification]] of Bantu.<ref>Derek Nurse, 2003, ''The Bantu Languages''</ref>

==History==
By 500BC, proto-Great Lakes Bantu speakers initially settled between Lakes Kivu and Rweru in Rwanda, before rapidly spreading as far east as Kenya.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ntJup_O_mDwC&q=proto+great+lakes+bantu|title = A History of African Motherhood: The Case of Uganda, 700-1900|isbn = 9781107030800|last1 = Stephens|first1 = Rhiannon|date = 2 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/183030|jstor = 183030|title = We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture between the Great Lakes|last1 = Schoenbrun|first1 = David L.|journal = The Journal of African History|year = 1993|volume = 34|issue = 1|pages = 1–31|doi = 10.1017/S0021853700032989| s2cid=162660041 |url-access = subscription}}</ref>


==Languages==
==Languages==
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*''[[Bwari language|Bwari]] (Kabwari)'' (D50)
*''[[Bwari language|Bwari]] (Kabwari)'' (D50)
*'''Konzo''' (D40): [[Konjo language (Bantu)|Konjo]], [[Nande language|Nande]], ? [[Kobo language|Kobo]]
*'''Konzo''' (D40): [[Konjo language (Bantu)|Konjo]], [[Nande language|Nande]], ? [[Kobo language|Kobo]]
*'''[[Shi–Havu languages|Shi–Havu]]''' (D50): [[Hunde language|Hunde]], [[Havu language|Havu]], [[Shi language|Shi]], [[Tembo (Kitembo) language|Tembo]], [[Nyindu language|Nyindu]], [[Fuliiru language|Fuliiro]]<!--per Nurse 2003-->
*'''Shi–Havu''' (D50): [[Hunde language|Hunde]], [[Havu language|Havu]], [[Shi language|Shi]], [[Tembo (Kitembo) language|Tembo]], [[Nyindu language|Nyindu]], [[Fuliiru language|Fuliiru]]<!--per Nurse 2003-->
*'''[[Rwanda-Rundi]]''' (D60): [[Kinyarwanda]], [[Kirundi]], [[Shubi language|Shubi]], [[Hangaza language|Hangaza]], [[Ha language|Ha]], [[Vinza language|Vinza]]
*'''[[Rwanda-Rundi]]''' (D60): [[Kinyarwanda]], [[Kirundi]], [[Shubi language|Shubi]], [[Hangaza language|Hangaza]], [[Ha language|Ha]], [[Vinza language|Vinza]]
*'''Nyoro–Ganda''' (E10): [[Ganda language|Ganda]], [[Nyankore language|Nyankore]], [[Nyoro language|Nyoro]], [[Tooro language|Tooro]], [[Hema language|Hema]], [[Chiga language|Chiga]], [[Soga language|Soga]], [[Gwere language|Gwere]], [[West Nyala language|West Nyala]], [[Ruli language|Ruli]]
*'''Nyoro–Ganda''' (E10): [[Ganda language|Ganda]], [[Nyankore language|Nyankore]], [[Nyoro language|Nyoro]], [[Tooro language|Tooro]], [[Hema language|Hema]], [[Chiga language|Chiga]], [[Soga language|Soga]], [[Gwere language|Gwere]], [[West Nyala language|West Nyala]], [[Ruli language|Ruli]]
::(See also [[Runyakitara language]], [[Nkore-Kiga]])
::(See also [[Rutara languages]], [[Runyakitara language]], [[Nkore-Kiga]])
*'''Haya–Jita''' (E20): [[Haya language|Haya]]–Rashi, [[Talinga-Bwisi language|Talinga-Bwisi]], [[Zinza language|Zinza]], [[Kerebe language|Kerebe]] (Kerewe), [[Jita language|Jita]]&ndash;[[Kara language (Tanzania)|Kara]]&ndash;[[Kwaya language|Kwaya–Ruri]], [[Nyambo language|Nyambo]], [[Subi language|Subi]]
*'''Haya–Jita''' (E20): [[Haya language|Haya]]–Rashi, [[Talinga-Bwisi language|Talinga-Bwisi]], [[Zinza language|Zinza]], [[Kerebe language|Kerebe]] (Kerewe), [[Jita language|Jita]]&ndash;[[Kara language (Tanzania)|Kara]]&ndash;[[Kwaya language|Kwaya–Ruri]], [[Nyambo language|Nyambo]], [[Subi language|Subi]]
*'''Masaba–Luhya''' (E30): [[Masaba language|Masaba]] (incl. Bukusu), [[Luhya language|Luhya]] proper, [[Nyole language (Kenya)|Nyore]], [[Nyole language (Uganda)|Nyole]], [[Samia language|Samia]]–Songa, [[Marachi language|Marachi]], [[Khayo language|Khayo]]
*'''Masaba–Luhya''' (E30): [[Masaba language|Masaba]] (incl. Bukusu), [[Luhya language|Luhya]] proper, [[Nyole language (Kenya)|Nyore]] (or Nyole in Kenya), [[Nyole language (Uganda)|Nyole]] (or Olunyole in Uganda), [[Samia language|Samia]]–Songa, [[Marachi language|Marachi]], [[Khayo language|Khayo]]
*'''Logooli–Kuria''' (E40): [[Ngurimi language|Ngurimi]], [[Ikizu language|Ikizu]]–Sizaki/Shashi, [[Suba language|Suba]], [[Suba-Simbiti language|Suba-Simbiti]], [[Kabwa language|Kabwa]], [[Singa language|Singa]], [[Logoli language|Logoli]] (Luhya), [[Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki language|Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki]] (Luhya), [[Gusii language|Gusii]] (Kisii), [[Kuria language|Kuria]] (Simbiti, Hacha, Surwa, Sweta), [[Zanaki language|Zanaki]], [[Ikoma language|Ikoma]], ?[[Ware language|Ware]]
*'''Logooli–Kuria''' (E40): [[Logooli language|Logooli]] (Luhya), [[Ngurimi language|Ngurimi]], [[Ikizu language|Ikizu]]–Sizaki/Shashi, [[Suba language|Suba]], [[Suba-Simbiti language|Suba-Simbiti]], [[Kabwa language|Kabwa]], [[Singa language|Singa]], [[Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki language|Idaxo-Isuxa-Tiriki]] (Luhya), [[Gusii language|Gusii]] (Kisii), [[Kuria language|Kuria]] (Simbiti, Hacha, Surwa, Sweta), [[Zanaki language|Zanaki]], [[Ikoma language|Ikoma]], ?[[Ware language|Ware]]
*''[[Sumbwa language|Sumbwa]]'' (F20)
*''[[Sumbwa language|Sumbwa]]'' (F20)
The codes in parentheses are Guthrie's original geographic classification. Maho (2009) adds [[Yaka language (Kivu)|Yaka]]. [[Kobo language|Kobo]] was recognized later. It's said to be about equidistant between Nande and Hunde, so it's not clear where it should be in the tree above.
The codes in parentheses are Guthrie's original geographic classification.
Maho (2009) adds [[Yaka language (Kivu)|Yaka]]. [[Kobo language|Kobo]] was recognized later. It's said to be about equidistant between Nande and Hunde, so it's not clear where it should be in the tree above.

Glottolog (2022) separates [[Nyole language (Uganda)|Nyole]] in Uganda (and its dialects: ''Hadyo'' or ''Luhadyo'', ''Menya'', ''Sabi'' or ''Lusabi'', and ''Wesa'' or ''Luwesa'') from the E30 group (Masaba-Luhya) into an unclassified subgroup within a "Greater Luyia" group containing the Logoo-Kuria (E40) group. Beside this, it does not consider this older geographic classification relevant for its ongoing classification based on more recent linguistic studies, and uses four different subgroups (Greater Luhya, [[West Nyanza languages|West Nyanza]], East Nyanza, and Western Lakes Bantu), keeping [[Gungu language|Gungu]] (E10) separate from them.


==Notes==
==Notes==

Latest revision as of 16:10, 2 March 2024

Great Lakes Bantu
Bantu zone J
Geographic
distribution		Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Kenya and the DRC
Linguistic classificationNiger–Congo?
Proto-languageProto-Great Lakes Bantu[1]
Language codes
Glottologgrea1289

The Great Lakes Bantu languages, also known as Lacustrine Bantu and Bantu zone J, are a group of Bantu languages of East Africa. They were recognized as a group by the Tervuren team, who posited them as an additional zone (zone J) to Guthrie's largely geographic classification of Bantu.[2]

History

[edit]

By 500BC, proto-Great Lakes Bantu speakers initially settled between Lakes Kivu and Rweru in Rwanda, before rapidly spreading as far east as Kenya.[3][4]

Languages

[edit]

The languages are, according to Bastin, Coupez, & Mann (1999), with Sumbwa added per Nurse (2003):

(See also Rutara languages, Runyakitara language, Nkore-Kiga)

The codes in parentheses are Guthrie's original geographic classification.

Maho (2009) adds Yaka. Kobo was recognized later. It's said to be about equidistant between Nande and Hunde, so it's not clear where it should be in the tree above.

Glottolog (2022) separates Nyole in Uganda (and its dialects: Hadyo or Luhadyo, Menya, Sabi or Lusabi, and Wesa or Luwesa) from the E30 group (Masaba-Luhya) into an unclassified subgroup within a "Greater Luyia" group containing the Logoo-Kuria (E40) group. Beside this, it does not consider this older geographic classification relevant for its ongoing classification based on more recent linguistic studies, and uses four different subgroups (Greater Luhya, West Nyanza, East Nyanza, and Western Lakes Bantu), keeping Gungu (E10) separate from them.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Schoenbrun, David L. (1993). "We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture between the Great Lakes". The Journal of African History. 34 (1): 1–31. doi:10.1017/S0021853700032989. JSTOR 183030. S2CID 162660041.
  2. ^ Derek Nurse, 2003, The Bantu Languages
  3. ^ Stephens, Rhiannon (2 September 2013). A History of African Motherhood: The Case of Uganda, 700-1900. ISBN 9781107030800.
  4. ^ Schoenbrun, David L. (1993). "We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture between the Great Lakes". The Journal of African History. 34 (1): 1–31. doi:10.1017/S0021853700032989. JSTOR 183030. S2CID 162660041.


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