Ticino (wine region): Difference between revisions

Ticino
Wine region
	Vineyards at Bellinzona Castles
Official name	Ticino
Type	DOC (AOC)
Year established	in the Roman era
Years of wine industry	VITI: since 1948; DOC: since 1997;
Part of	Swiss wines
Precipitation (annual average)	1500–2200 mm
Size of planted vineyards	1,040 ha
No. of vineyards	3,869
Grapes produced	6'816'620 Kg
Varietals produced	Merlot (and Bondola)
No. of wineries	264
Official designation(s)	DOC, VITI
Comments	All data as of 2005

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Ticino has a long tradition of winemaking, being the southernmost region of Switzerland. Wine has been produced there since the Roman era. The region is known for its Merlot, which was introduced in the early 20th century.

Geographically the wine region is located on the south side of the Alps and includes the canton of Ticino and the neighbouring district of Moesa (Misox and Calanca valleys) in the canton of the Grisons, both areas being Italian-speaking. It is the warmest region of the country, olive oil is also produced there.

The terroir varies from acid soil in the northern part to limestone in the southern part.

The top quality wines of the region have the appellation del Ticino DOC or ticinese DOC, sometimes linked with a VITI label, and the wines in the medium category use della Svizzera Italiana or nostrano.

History

Until 1906

The first traces of grapes in Ticino are some pollens in sediments, starting from the neolithic. Notable diffusion of grapes by humans probably dates from the late Bronze Age to the entire Iron Age, and the grapes were probably located near the lakes.^[1] At the beginning of the Roman era there was already substantial cultivation of grapes, and production of wine probably started in this period, as shown in a sculpture on a Roman tomb found in Stabio.

Until the 18th century, grapes were grown as a secondary product in extensive vineyards, from which light wines were produced, using a form of sharecropping. The wine was produced in some local varieties, of which only Bondola survived. They were mainly red wines, but some were mixtures of red varieties with some white varieties.

The 20th century: the Merlot era

Because of new grapes diseases (e.g. phylloxera), the canton government decided to give a new direction to the wine industry: they instituted the cattedra itinerante (moving chair) to teach modern viticulture and winemaking methods, and to substitute new high-value grapes for the local grapes. After a few years of studies and selections, in 1906 the canton decided to seed and recommended Merlot as the main variety of grapes for the canton.

Another change was the operation of the railway of Gotthardbahn, which increased the commerce between Italy and the Swiss-German (and also German) market. This commerce has created new wineries, which mainly started with bottling of Italian wines, but then switched the focus to production of local wines.

In the Sopraceneri region of northern Ticino, the local variety Bondola still survives in some vineyards and is used to produce some wine.

Late 20th and 21st centuries

In the late 20th century, the wineries looked for quality wines, and because of new world wines, the demand of Merlot wine increased. Thus a golden era of wines of Ticino began. Unfortunately, in the first years of the 2000s there was overproduction, so now the TicinoWine (association of wineries in Ticino) tries to find and target new markets for the local wine.

Appellation and classification

In Ticino the grapes and wines are classified in three categories:

First category: Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)

These are the best wines and production is limited to 1.0 kg/m² for red grapes and 1.2 kg/m² for white grapes. The appellation is Denominazione di Origine Controllata, normally Ticino DOC or Ticinese DOC and eventually other geographic denominations.

The wine can be made with Merlot, Bondola, Pinot noir, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Carminoir, Gamaret, Garanoir, Diolinoir and Ancellotta for red grapes; and Chasselas, Chardonnay, Doral, Semillon, Sauvignon blanc, Pinot gris, Pinot blanc, Kerner and Riesling x Sylvaner for white grapes.

Second category: vino da tavola o nostrano

They have the denomination Vino da tavola bianco/rosso or nostrano svizzero or della svizzera italiana.

Third category

The third denomination is simply Vino rosso or Vino bianco, without an explicit geographic denomination (other than Swiss or of Switzerland), with year and grape variety.

VITI

The VITI label was introduced before the appellation, to distinguish the better wines. Now only wines of first category (DOC) are allowed to use the VITI label, but it is not widely used on top quality wines.

*Boccalini* are traditional containers for wine in Ticino.

Geography and terroir

Ticino is the warmest and sunniest region of Switzerland. Climate near the lakes (Lake Maggiore and Lake Lugano) is humid subtropical. There is also a tradition of olive oil-making in Ticino (contrary to other Swiss winemaking regions), possibly since the Roman era.^[2]

Grapes are seeded in all districts of Ticino. The soil varies from acid soil in the northern part to limestone in the southern part, with some local geographical variation because of moraines, alluvium, etc. The region is very wet, but with few rainy days and many sunny days, so normally the vineyards are grassy, which limits erosion.

Valtellina

Wine from Brusio in Val Poschiavo (another Italian-speaking part of the Grisons, distant to Moesano) is generally considered to belong to the Italian wine region of Valtellina.

References

^ From palynology papers cited in: Ceschi, Ivo (2006). Il Bosco del Cantone Ticino. Dipartimento del territorio, Divisione dell'ambiente. pp. 30–34. ISBN 88-8281-193-X.
^ "Olio d'oliva ticinese". Culinary Heritage of Switzerland. Retrieved 9 March 2022. Non si sa esattamente chi abbia portato l'albero di olivo in Ticino. Si crede che i legionari che avevano partecipato alle campagne galliche di Giulio Cesare, una volta in pensione, abbiano piantato degli olivi sul lago di Como. È possibile che si siano spostati anche più in là, verso il Ceresio, ma non è mai stato dimostrato. Tuttavia, il lago di Como e quello di Lugano sono molto vicini e a quei tempi non c'era un confine nazionale come al giorno d'oggi. È anche possibile che l'olivo sia stato selezionato partendo dagli olivi selvatici (oleastri).

External links

[1] From palynology papers cited in: Ceschi, Ivo (2006). Il Bosco del Cantone Ticino. Dipartimento del territorio, Divisione dell'ambiente. pp. 30–34. ISBN 88-8281-193-X.

[2] "Olio d'oliva ticinese". Culinary Heritage of Switzerland. Retrieved 9 March 2022. Non si sa esattamente chi abbia portato l'albero di olivo in Ticino. Si crede che i legionari che avevano partecipato alle campagne galliche di Giulio Cesare, una volta in pensione, abbiano piantato degli olivi sul lago di Como. È possibile che si siano spostati anche più in là, verso il Ceresio, ma non è mai stato dimostrato. Tuttavia, il lago di Como e quello di Lugano sono molto vicini e a quei tempi non c'era un confine nazionale come al giorno d'oggi. È anche possibile che l'olivo sia stato selezionato partendo dagli olivi selvatici (oleastri).

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Wine region of Switzerland}}
 {{Infobox Wine Region
 | name = Ticino
-<!--| image = -->
+| image = File:Vineyards in Bellinzona.jpg
+| caption = Vineyards at [[Bellinzona Castles]]
 | official name = Ticino
 | other name = Svizzera Italiana
-| type = DOC ([[Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée|AOC]])
+| type = DOC ([[Appellation d'origine protégée (Switzerland)|AOC]])
-| year = since the [[roman era]]
+| year = in the [[Roman era]]
-| wine years = VITI:since 1948; DOC: since 1997;
+| wine years = VITI: since 1948; DOC: since 1997;
-| part of = Swiss wines
+| part of = [[Swiss wine]]s
+| precipitation = 1500–2200 mm
-<!--| sub regions = -->
-<!--| season = -->
-<!--| climate region = -->
-<!--| heat units = -->
-| precipitation = 1500-2200 mm
-<!--| soil = -->
 <!--| total size = 1,040 ha -->
 | planted = 1,040 ha
@@ Line 24: / Line 21: @@
 | comments = All data as of 2005
 }}
+[[Ticino]] has a long tradition of [[winemaking]], being the southernmost region of [[Switzerland]]. [[Wine]] has been produced there since the [[Roman era]]. The region is known for its [[Merlot]], which was introduced in the early 20th century.
-The '''wine region of Ticino''' started producing wine in the [[roman era]], but only after 1906, with the introduction of [[Merlot]], it began to produce quality wine.  Geographically the wine region is located in south of [[Switzerland]], and include the the [[canton Ticino]] and [[Moesa (district)|district of Moesa]] ([[Misox]] and [[Calanca]] valleys) in the [[canton of the Grisons]].  The [[terroir]] varies, from acid soil in norther part, to limestone in the southern part.
+Geographically the wine region is located on the south side of the [[Alps]] and includes the canton of Ticino and the neighbouring [[Moesa (district)|district of Moesa]] ([[Misox]] and [[Calanca]] valleys) in the canton of the [[Grisons]], both areas being [[Italian language|Italian]]-speaking. It is the warmest region of the country, [[olive oil]] is also produced there.
-The top quality wines have the [[appellation]] ''del Ticino DOC'', ''ticinese DOC'', sometime linked with a ''VITI'' label, and the wines in the medium category use ''della Svizzera Italiana'' or ''nostrano''.
+The [[terroir]] varies from acid soil in the northern part to limestone in the southern part.
+The top quality wines of the region have the [[appellation]] ''del Ticino DOC'' or ''ticinese DOC'', sometimes linked with a ''VITI'' label, and the wines in the medium category use ''della Svizzera Italiana'' or ''nostrano''.
 ==History==
 ===Until 1906===
+The first traces of [[grape]]s in Ticino are some [[pollen]]s in [[sediments]], starting from the [[neolithic]]. Notable diffusion of grapes by humans probably dates from the late [[Bronze Age]] to the entire [[Iron Age]], and the grapes were probably located near the lakes.<ref>From [[palynology]] papers cited in: {{cite book
-It seems that [[grape]]s and [[wine]]s was produced in the [[roman era]], as shown in a sculpture on a roman [[tomb]] found in [[Stabio]].
+  | last = Ceschi
+  | first = Ivo
+  | title = Il Bosco del Cantone Ticino
+  | date = 2006
+  | pages = 30–34
+  | publisher = Dipartimento del territorio, Divisione dell'ambiente
+ | isbn = 88-8281-193-X }}</ref>
+At the beginning of the [[Roman era]] there was already substantial cultivation of grapes, and production of wine probably started in this period, as shown in a sculpture on a Roman [[tomb]] found in [[Stabio]].
-Until [[18th century]] the grapes were grown as secondary product, in extensive [[vineyard]]s, and they produces light wines ([[Sharecropping]]).  The wine was made by some local [[List of grape varieties|varieties]], which only [[Bondola]] survived.  The wine was mainly red wines, but generally done mixing red varieties with some white varieties.
+Until the 18th century, grapes were grown as a secondary product in extensive [[vineyard]]s, from which light wines were produced, using a form of [[sharecropping]]. The wine was produced in some local [[List of grape varieties|varieties]], of which only [[Bondola]] survived. They were mainly red wines, but some were mixtures of red varieties with some white varieties.
 ===The 20th century: the Merlot era===
-Because of new grapes diseases (i.e. the [[phylloxera]]), the canton government decided to give new direction to the wine industry: they instituted the ''cattedra itinerante'' (moving chair) to teach the modern [[viticulture]] and [[winemaking]] methods, and to substitute the local grapes with new high value grapes. After few year of studies and selections, in the [[1906]] the canton decided to seed and recommended [[Merlot]] as the main sort of grapes for the canton.
+Because of new grapes diseases (e.g. [[phylloxera]]), the canton government decided to give a new direction to the wine industry: they instituted the ''cattedra itinerante'' (moving chair) to teach modern [[viticulture]] and [[winemaking]] methods, and to substitute new high-value grapes for the local grapes. After a few years of studies and selections, in 1906 the canton decided to seed and recommended [[Merlot]] as the main variety of grapes for the canton.
-An other changes was the operation of the rail tracks of [[Gotthardbahn]], which increased the commerce between [[Italy]] and the swiss German (and also German) market.  This commerce has created new wineries, which mainly started with commerce and bottling of [[Italian wine]]s, but then they switched the focus on production of local wines.
+Another change was the operation of the railway of [[Gotthardbahn]], which increased the commerce between [[Italy]] and the Swiss-German (and also German) market.  This commerce has created new wineries, which mainly started with bottling of [[Italian wine]]s, but then switched the focus to production of local wines.
-On [[Sopraceneri]], the local variety [[Bondola]] still survive in some vineyards and it is used also to produce some wine produced.
+In the [[Sopraceneri]] region of northern Ticino, the local variety [[Bondola]] still survives in some vineyards and is used to produce some wine.
-===late 20th century and 21th century===
+===Late 20th and 21st centuries===
-In the late [[20th century]] the wineries looked for quality wines, and also because of new world wines, the demand of [[Merlot]] wine increased. So started a gold era of wines of Ticino. Unfortunately in the first years of [[2000s]] it was noticed that there was a overproduction, so now the TicinoWine (association of winery in Ticino) tries to target, and to find new markets for the local wine.
+In the late 20th century, the wineries looked for quality wines, and because of new world wines, the demand of [[Merlot]] wine increased. Thus a golden era of wines of Ticino began. Unfortunately, in the first years of the 2000s there was [[overproduction]], so now the TicinoWine (association of wineries in Ticino) tries to find and target new markets for the local wine.
+{| style="margin: auto"
-==Appellation and classification==
+|-
+| [[File:Meride-Vineyards1.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Vineyards in [[Meride]]]]
+| [[File:Centovalli cassinam 68.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Pergola vines in Verdasio ([[Centovalli]])]]
+|}
+==Appellation and classification==
 In Ticino the grapes and wines are classified in three categories:
 ===First category: Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)===
-These are the best wines, the production is limited to 1.0 kg/m2 for red grapes and 1.2 kb/m2 for white grapes. The [[appellation]] is ''Denominazione di Origine Controllata'', normally ''Ticino DOC'' or ''Ticinese DOC'' and eventually with other geographic denomination.
+These are the best wines and production is limited to 1.0&nbsp;kg/m<sup>2</sup> for red grapes and 1.2&nbsp;kg/m<sup>2</sup> for white grapes. The [[appellation]] is ''Denominazione di Origine Controllata'', normally ''Ticino DOC'' or ''Ticinese DOC'' and eventually other geographic denominations.
-The wine can be make with [[merlot]], [[Bondola]], [[Pinot Noir]], [[Cabernet Franc]], [[Cabernet Sauvignon]], [[Carminoir]], [[Gamaret]], [[Garanoir]], [[Diolinoir]] and [[Ancellotta]] for the red grapes; and [[Chasselas]], [[Chardonnay]], [[Doral]], [[Semillon]], [[Sauvignon Blanc]], [[Pinot Gris]], [[Pinot Blanc]], [[Kerner]] and [[Riesling x Sylvaner]].
+The wine can be made with [[Merlot]], [[Bondola]], [[Pinot noir]], [[Cabernet Franc]], [[Cabernet Sauvignon]], [[Carminoir]], [[Gamaret]], [[Garanoir]], [[Diolinoir]] and [[Ancellotta]] for red grapes; and [[Chasselas]], [[Chardonnay]], [[Doral (grape)|Doral]], [[Semillon]], [[Sauvignon blanc]], [[Pinot gris]], [[Pinot blanc]], [[Kerner (grape)|Kerner]] and [[Riesling x Sylvaner]] for white grapes.
 ===Second category: vino da tavola o nostrano===
-The have the denomination ''Vino da tavola bianco/rosso'' or ''nostrano svizzero'' or ''della svizzera italiana''
+They have the denomination ''Vino da tavola bianco/rosso'' or ''nostrano svizzero'' or ''della svizzera italiana''.
 ===Third category===
-The third denomination is simply ''Vino rosso'' or ''Vino bianco'', without an explicit geographic denomination (but eventually ''Swiss'' or ''of Switzerland''), year and [[grapes]] varieties.
+The third denomination is simply ''Vino rosso'' or ''Vino bianco'', without an explicit geographic denomination (other than ''Swiss'' or ''of Switzerland''), with year and grape variety.
 ===VITI===
-The '''VITI''' label was introduced before the [[appellation]], to distinguish the better wines. Now only wines of first category (DOC) are allowed to use the VITI label, but of the redundancy it is not more widely used on top quality wines.
+The '''VITI''' label was introduced before the [[appellation]], to distinguish the better wines. Now only wines of first category (DOC) are allowed to use the VITI label, but it is not widely used on top quality wines.
+[[File:Boccalino.jpg|thumb|center|upright=1.2|''Boccalini'' are traditional containers for wine in Ticino.]]
 ==Geography and terroir==
+[[File:Morcote Aerial.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of [[Morcote]] and its vineyards on the top of the hill. Note the abandoned vineyards<!--Confirmed by old Swisstopo maps--> in the center just above town.]]
-The grapes are seeded on all district of Ticino.
-The soil varies, from acid soil in norther part, to limestone in the southern part, with some local geographical disturbs because of [[moraine]], [[alluvium]], etc.  The region is very wet, but with few raining days and a lot of sunny days, so normally the vineyards are grassy, to limit the [[erosion]].
+Ticino is the [[Climate of Switzerland|warmest and sunniest region of Switzerland]]. Climate near the lakes ([[Lake Maggiore]] and [[Lake Lugano]]) is humid subtropical. There is also a tradition of [[olive oil]]-making in Ticino (contrary to other Swiss winemaking regions), possibly since the Roman era.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.patrimoineculinaire.ch/Prodotti#471 | title=Olio d'oliva ticinese | publisher=[[Culinary Heritage of Switzerland]] | accessdate=9 March 2022 |quote= Non si sa esattamente chi abbia portato l’albero di olivo in Ticino. Si crede che i legionari che avevano partecipato alle campagne galliche di Giulio Cesare, una volta in pensione, abbiano piantato degli olivi sul lago di Como. È possibile che si siano spostati anche più in là, verso il Ceresio, ma non è mai stato dimostrato. Tuttavia, il lago di Como e quello di Lugano sono molto vicini e a quei tempi non c’era un confine nazionale come al giorno d’oggi. È anche possibile che l’olivo sia stato selezionato partendo dagli olivi selvatici (oleastri).}}</ref>
+Grapes are seeded in all districts of Ticino. The soil varies from acid soil in the northern part to limestone in the southern part, with some local geographical variation because of [[moraine]]s, [[alluvium]], etc. The region is very wet, but with few rainy days and many sunny days, so normally the vineyards are grassy, which limits [[erosion]].
+===Valtellina===
+Wine from [[Brusio]] in [[Val Poschiavo]] (another Italian-speaking part of the Grisons, distant to Moesano) is generally considered to belong to the Italian wine region of [[Valtellina]].
 ==See also==
 *[[History of Wine]]
 *[[Italian wine]]
+**[[Lombardia (wine)]]
-*[[Valtellina]]. Wine from [[Brusio]] ([[Valposchiavo]]) are generally considered in this Italian wine region.
 ==References==
+{{reflist}}
+==Further reading==
+*{{cite book
+  | last = Christen
+  | first = Alessandro
+  | title = Introduzione del vitigno Merlot nel Canton Ticino: una cronaca
+  | date = 1995 }} (published also in German)
+*{{cite book
+  | title = Merlot del Ticino, 1906–2006
+  | publisher = Salvioni Edizioni
+  | date = 2006
+  | isbn = 88-7967-134-0 }}
 ==External links==
 *[http://www.ticinowine.ch TicinoWine, the promotion body for Ticino quality wines]
-*[http://www.ti.ch/DFE/DE/SezA/temi_02/prodotti/vino/default.asp?id=11 Official cantonal site about agriculture and wine: rules for DOC plus various documentation and data]
+*[http://www4.ti.ch/dfe/eventi/saporisaperi/mappa-sapori-saperi/via-del-vino Official cantonal site about agriculture and wine: rules for DOC plus various documentation and data]
+{{coord missing|Switzerland}}
 [[Category:Wine regions of Switzerland]]
-[[Category:Ticino]]
+[[Category:Culture in Ticino]]
+[[Category:Economy of Ticino]]
+[[Category:Grisons]]