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Rio Cobre: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 17°59′03″N 76°51′35″W / 17.9840396°N 76.8596649°W / 17.9840396; -76.8596649
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<!--{{coord|17.9840396|-76.8596649|display=inline,title|region:JM-14_type:river_mouth:GNS-enwiki}}-->
<!--{{coord|17.9840396|-76.8596649|display=inline,title|region:JM-14_type:river_mouth:GNS-enwiki}}-->
{{Infobox river
{{Geobox|River
| name = Rio Cobre
<!-- *** Heading *** -->
| name_native =
| name = Rio Cobre
| name_native_lang =
<!-- *** Names **** -->
| etymology =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =
<!-- *** Image *** -->
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
| image = Jamaica-FlatBridge.jpg
| image_caption = The [[A1 road (Jamaica)|A1 road]] crossing the Rio Cobre via the world famous [[Flat Bridge]].
| image = Jamaica-FlatBridge.jpg
| image_caption = The [[A1 road (Jamaica)|A1 road]] crossing the Rio Cobre via the [[Flat Bridge]].
| map = Rio Cobre Watershed.jpg
<!-- *** Country *** -->
| map_size = 270
| country = Jamaica
| map_caption = Rio Cobre watershed ([https://mghydro.com/watersheds/shared/A68A00.html Interactive map])
| region = [[Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica|St Catherine]]
| pushpin_map =
<!-- *** Family *** -->
| parent =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption=
| tributary_left = <!--Example River {{coord|||display=inline|region:JM-14_scale:1000}}-->
<!---------------------- LOCATION -->
| tributary_right =
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| city =
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jamaica]]
| landmark =
| subdivision_type2 =
<!-- *** River locations *** -->
| source =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 = Region
| source_location = | source_region = | source_country =
| subdivision_name3 = [[Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica|St Catherine]]
| source_elevation =
| source_lat_d =
| subdivision_type4 =
| source_long_d =
| subdivision_name4 =
| source1 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =
| source1_location = | source1_region = | source1_country =
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
| source1_elevation =
| length = 51 km (32 mi)
| source1_lat_d = | source1_lat_m = | source1_lat_s = | source1_lat_NS =
| width_min = 5 m (16 ft)
| source1_long_d = | source1_long_m = | source1_long_s = | source1_long_EW =
| width_avg = 50 m (164 ft)
| source_confluence =
| width_max = 100 m (328 ft)
| source_confluence_location = | source_confluence_region = | source_confluence_country =
| depth_min = 1 m (3.3 ft)
| source_confluence_elevation =
| depth_avg = 3 m (9.8 ft)
| source_confluence_lat_d = | source_confluence_lat_m = | source_confluence_lat_s = | source_confluence_lat_NS =
| depth_max = 12 m (39.4 ft)
| source_confluence_long_d = | source_confluence_long_m = | source_confluence_long_s = | source_confluence_long_EW =
| discharge1_location= Hunts Bay
| mouth = Caribbean Sea
| discharge1_min = 0.1 cu ft/s
| mouth_location = [[Kingston Harbour]]
| discharge1_avg = 10 cu ft/s
| mouth_region =
| discharge1_max = 11o cu ft/s
| mouth_country =
<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
| mouth_elevation = 0
| source1 = Rose Hall Mountain
| mouth_lat_d = 17.9840396
| source1_location = Rose Hall Mountain
| mouth_long_d = -76.8596649
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|17.5904|-76.5226}}
<!-- *** Dimensions *** -->
| source1_elevation = 1,135 ft (346 m)
| length =
| mouth = [[Caribbean Sea]]
| width =
| mouth_location = [[Kingston Harbour]]
| depth =
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|17.9840396|-76.8596649|display=inline,title}}
| volume =
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}}
| watershed =
| discharge =
| progression =
| river_system =
| discharge_max =
| basin_size = 145 km<sup>2</sup> (56.28 mi<sup>2</sup>)
| discharge_min =
| tributaries_right = Rio D'Oro, Crawle river, Pedro river,
<!-- *** Maps *** -->
| tributaries_left = Magno River
| map =
| map_caption =
| custom_label =
| map_background =
| custom_data =
| extra =
| map_locator =
| map_locator_x =
| map_locator_y =
<!-- *** Website *** -->
| website =
<!-- *** Footnotes *** -->
| footnotes =
}}
}}
The '''Rio Cobre''' is a river of [[Jamaica]]. Its source is in the Rose Hall Mountain in the north-east of [[Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica|Saint Catherine Parish]],<ref>UK [[Directorate of Overseas Surveys]] 1:50,000 map of Jamaica sheet K, 1966.{{circular inline|date=September 2023}}</ref>{{circular inline|date=September 2023}} the headwaters being a writhing of unnamed, seasonally dry tributaries. The highest of these rise just above the {{convert|1135|ft|m}} contour. From here it flows to meet the [[Caribbean Sea]] into the Hunts Bay. It is dammed by the [[Rio Cobre Dam]] just above [[Spanish Town]].
The '''Rio Cobre''' is a river of [[Jamaica]].

The river's most significant feature is perhaps the gorge through which it runs between [[Bog Walk]] and northern [[Spanish Town]]. <!--A lot more could be said here-->

==Bridges==
[[File:Hakewill, A Picturesque Tour of the Island of Jamaica, Plate 02.jpg|left|thumb|The Iron Bridge as drawn by [[James Hakewill]], circa 1822]]
There are a number of bridges over the Rio Cobre. The oldest is [[Flat Bridge]], which was first built before 1774.<ref>Long, Edward History of Jamaica (London: Frank Cas & Co. Ltd.) 1970</ref>

A second bridge, Iron Bridge was built in 1801. The proposal for this bridge first appeared in 1766 and the topic was discussed various bodies until 1796 the [[House of Assembly]] which originally resolved to erect a stone bridge. However technical difficulties led to an iron bridge being erected. This enabled the road to be raised above the surrounding terrain, something particularly important in the context of periodic floods in the rainy season.<ref name="Hakewill">{{cite book |last1=Hakewill|first1=James|title=A Picturesque Tour of the Island of Jamaica|date=1825|publisher=Hurst and Robinson |location=London |page=16 |access-date=25 June 2016|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Picturesque_Tour_of_the_Island_of_Jamaica}}</ref> It used the same technology developed for [[The Iron Bridge]] in [[Shropshire]], England,<ref name=" IBST">{{cite web|title=The Iron Bridge at Spanish Town {{!}} Completed projects |url=http://fgsj.org.uk/projects/10-the-iron-bridge-at-spanish-town |website=Friends of the Georgian Society of Jamaica |access-date=25 June 2016}}</ref> and indeed constituted the first application of this technology outside the [[United Kingdom]]. The iron components were pre-fabricated in [[West Yorkshire]] with a total weight of {{convert|87|lt}}. It took 43 horse-drawn wagons to transport these from the coast to the construction site.<ref name=" IBST"/> The bridge remained in use until 2000, when erosion by storm water put its future survival in jeopardy. However, funds were raised for a restoration project which restored the bridge for use by 2010.<ref name=" IBST"/>{{update inline|date=September 2023|reason=Has restoration been undertaken? Completed?}}

{{clear left}}


==See also==
==See also==
*[[List of rivers of Jamaica]]
*[[List of rivers of Jamaica]]

==External links==
*[http://wikimapia.org/#lat=17.9840396&lon=-76.8596649&z=14&l=0&m=b Aerial view of mouth]


==References==
==References==
===General bibliography===
*[http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html GEOnet Names Server]
*[http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html GEOnet Names Server]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:JamaicaOMC.png OMC Map]
*[[:Image:JamaicaOMC.png|OMC Map]]
*[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/americas/jamaica_pol_2002.jpg CIA Map]
*[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/americas/jamaica_pol_2002.jpg CIA Map]
*Ford, Jos C. and Finlay, A.A.C. (1908).''The Handbook of Jamaica.'' Jamaica Government Printing Office
*Ford, Jos C. and Finlay, A. A. C. (1908).''The Handbook of Jamaica.'' Jamaica Government Printing Office


===Citations===
{{Jamaica-geo-stub}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Rivers of Jamaica}}


==External links==
{{Commons category|Rio Cobre}}
*[http://wikimapia.org/#lat=17.9840396&lon=-76.8596649&z=14&l=0&m=b Aerial view of mouth]

{{Rivers of Jamaica}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Rivers of Jamaica]]
[[Category:Rivers of Jamaica]]
[[Category:Cast-iron arch bridges]]

Latest revision as of 10:51, 8 March 2024

Rio Cobre
The A1 road crossing the Rio Cobre via the Flat Bridge.
Rio Cobre watershed (Interactive map)
Location
CountryJamaica
RegionSt Catherine
Physical characteristics
SourceRose Hall Mountain
 • locationRose Hall Mountain
 • coordinates17°35′25″N 76°31′21″W / 17.5904°N 76.5226°W / 17.5904; -76.5226
 • elevation1,135 ft (346 m)
MouthCaribbean Sea
 • location
Kingston Harbour
 • coordinates
17°59′03″N 76°51′35″W / 17.9840396°N 76.8596649°W / 17.9840396; -76.8596649
 • elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Length51 km (32 mi)
Basin size145 km2 (56.28 mi2)
Width 
 • minimum5 m (16 ft)
 • average50 m (164 ft)
 • maximum100 m (328 ft)
Depth 
 • minimum1 m (3.3 ft)
 • average3 m (9.8 ft)
 • maximum12 m (39.4 ft)
Discharge 
 • locationHunts Bay
 • average10 cu ft/s
 • minimum0.1 cu ft/s
 • maximum11o cu ft/s
Basin features
Tributaries 
 • leftMagno River
 • rightRio D'Oro, Crawle river, Pedro river,

The Rio Cobre is a river of Jamaica. Its source is in the Rose Hall Mountain in the north-east of Saint Catherine Parish,[1][circular reference] the headwaters being a writhing of unnamed, seasonally dry tributaries. The highest of these rise just above the 1,135 feet (346 m) contour. From here it flows to meet the Caribbean Sea into the Hunts Bay. It is dammed by the Rio Cobre Dam just above Spanish Town.

The river's most significant feature is perhaps the gorge through which it runs between Bog Walk and northern Spanish Town.

Bridges

[edit]
The Iron Bridge as drawn by James Hakewill, circa 1822

There are a number of bridges over the Rio Cobre. The oldest is Flat Bridge, which was first built before 1774.[2]

A second bridge, Iron Bridge was built in 1801. The proposal for this bridge first appeared in 1766 and the topic was discussed various bodies until 1796 the House of Assembly which originally resolved to erect a stone bridge. However technical difficulties led to an iron bridge being erected. This enabled the road to be raised above the surrounding terrain, something particularly important in the context of periodic floods in the rainy season.[3] It used the same technology developed for The Iron Bridge in Shropshire, England,[4] and indeed constituted the first application of this technology outside the United Kingdom. The iron components were pre-fabricated in West Yorkshire with a total weight of 87 long tons (88 t). It took 43 horse-drawn wagons to transport these from the coast to the construction site.[4] The bridge remained in use until 2000, when erosion by storm water put its future survival in jeopardy. However, funds were raised for a restoration project which restored the bridge for use by 2010.[4][needs update]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

General bibliography

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ UK Directorate of Overseas Surveys 1:50,000 map of Jamaica sheet K, 1966.[circular reference]
  2. ^ Long, Edward History of Jamaica (London: Frank Cas & Co. Ltd.) 1970
  3. ^ Hakewill, James (1825). A Picturesque Tour of the Island of Jamaica. London: Hurst and Robinson. p. 16. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
  4. ^ a b c "The Iron Bridge at Spanish Town | Completed projects". Friends of the Georgian Society of Jamaica. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
[edit]
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