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{{Short description|French Jesuit historian specializing in China}} |
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{{Redirect|Du Halde|the French soldier|Pierre du Halde|the surname|Duhalde}} |
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{{Infobox scientist |
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| birth_date = {{birth date |1674|2|1}} |
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| birth_place = [[Paris]], [[France]] |
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| death_date = {{death date and age |1743|8|18|1674|2|1}} |
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| death_place = Paris, France |
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[[File:Lettre du pere Entrecolles 1712 du Halde 1735.jpg|thumb|Part of the 1712 letter from [[Francois Xavier d'Entrecolles]], re-published by [[Jean-Baptiste du Halde]] in 1735.]] |
[[File:Lettre du pere Entrecolles 1712 du Halde 1735.jpg|thumb|Part of the 1712 letter from [[Francois Xavier d'Entrecolles]], re-published by [[Jean-Baptiste du Halde]] in 1735.]] |
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'''Jean-Baptiste Du Halde''', |
'''Jean-Baptiste Du Halde''' ({{zh|c=杜赫德}}, Pinyin: ''Dù Hèdé''; 1 February 1674 – 18 August 1743) was a French Jesuit [[historian]] specializing in [[China]]. He did not travel to China, but collected seventeen Jesuit missionaries' reports and provided an encyclopedic survey of the history, culture and society of China and "[[Chinese Tartary]]," that is, Manchuria. |
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Voltaire said of Du Halde's work: "Although it is developed out of Paris, and he hath not known the Chinese, [he] gave on the basis of the memoirs of his colleagues, the widest and the best description the empire of China has had worldwide." |
[[Voltaire]] said of Du Halde's work: "Although it is developed out of Paris, and he hath not known the Chinese, [he] gave on the basis of the memoirs of his colleagues, the widest and the best description the empire of China has had worldwide."<ref>''Le Siècle de Louis XIV, Catalogue de la plupart des écrivains français qui ont paru dans le Siècle de Louis XIV, pour servir à l’histoire littéraire de ce temps'', 1751.</ref> |
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==Career== |
==Career== |
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| ⚫ | Du Halde entered the [[Society of Jesus]] in 1692 and became professor at the College of Paris succeeding [[Charles Le Gobien]]. From 1711 to 1743 he oversaw the publication of {{lang|fr|[[Lettres Édifiantes et Curieuses]]}}, written from Foreign Missions, by [[Jesuits|Jesuit]] [[Jesuit China missions|missionaries in China]], published in 34 volumes ranges between 1703 and 1776. He wrote prefaces for volumes IX to XXVI. He was also Secretary of [[Michel Le Tellier (1643-1719)|Michel Le Tellier]] and confessor to the [[Louis XIV of France|son of the regent]] in 1729. |
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| ⚫ | Du Halde entered the [[Society of Jesus]] in 1692 and became |
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Du Halde is also the author of writings in Latin as well as a treatise entitled ''Le Sage chrétien, ou les Principes de la vraie sagesse, pour se conduire chrétiennement dans le monde'' (The Christian Sage, or the principles of true wisdom, to lead a Christian in the world), published in 1724. |
Du Halde is also the author of writings in Latin as well as a treatise entitled ''Le Sage chrétien, ou les Principes de la vraie sagesse, pour se conduire chrétiennement dans le monde'' (The Christian Sage, or the principles of true wisdom, to lead a Christian in the world), published in 1724. |
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{{anchor|Description of China|General History of China}} |
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==''Description of China''== |
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Drawn from the Jesuit {{lang|fr|[[Lettres Édifiantes et Curieuses]]}} and unpublished reports containing translations of Chinese texts of various origins, Du Halde's ''Geographical, Historical, Chronological, Political, and Physical Description of the Empire of China and Chinese Tartary'' appeared in Paris in four volumes in 1735; it was reprinted in the Netherlands the next year{{sfnp|Du Halde|1736}} and translated into English as ''The General History of China'' two years after that.{{sfnp|Du Halde|1741}} Besides a very detailed geographical description based on work by the [[Jesuit China missions|Jesuits]], the book gave encyclopedic coverage of all aspects of Chinese civilization: the emperors and the government; the military and police institutions; the nobility; agriculture and handicrafts; the "genius," "glory", and appearance of Chinese religion, ethics and ceremonies; science and medicine; money and commerce; the language and writing system; the production of porcelain and [[sericulture|silkworm breeding]]. Its understandings of Chinese religion and philosophy were informed by [[Six Classic Books of the Chinese Empire|the translations]] published in 1711 at Prague by the Jesuit [[François Noël (missionary)|François Noël]], whose lack of the earlier Christian interpolations in the Chinese text had caused them to be banned in the [[Papal States]] and the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. There is also an abstract of the explorations of [[Vitus Bering]], which was the first European description of [[Alaska]]. The book was very quickly added to all academic libraries and has translated into most European languages. |
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| ⚫ | It had a significant impact on European society in the 18th century, including a decades-long English interest in China and Chinese thought. The philosophers of the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] drew on it for their thoughts and controversies about religions, cultures and customs, while European manufacturers discovered the secrets of Chinese geography and the first map of the [[Korea]] by [[Jean-Baptiste Régis]] and 42 maps of Chinese provinces by [[Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville]]. |
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Besides a very detailed geographical description, the book gave encyclopedic coverage of all aspects of Chinese civilization: the emperors and the government; the military and police institutions; the nobility; agriculture and handicrafts; the "genius," the "glory" and the appearance of Chinese religion, ethics and ceremonies, science and medicine, money and commerce, language and writing system, the production of porcelain and [[silkworm]] breeding. There is also an abstract of the explorations of [[Vitus Bering]], which is the first European description of [[Alaska]]. The book was very quickly added to all academic libraries and is translated into most European languages. |
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It was published in 1738, and was soon reprinted, as ''The General History of China Containing a Geographical, Historical, Chronological, Political and Physical Description of the Empire of China, Chinese-Tartary, Corea, and Thibet; Including an Exact and Particular Account of Their Customs, Manners, Ceremonies, Religion, Arts, and Sciences : The Whole Adorn'd with Curious Maps, and Variety of Copper-Plates.'' The work sparked the enthusiasm for China which seized England for several generations. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{Portal |
{{Portal bar|Biography|Catholicism|China}} |
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* [[Jesuit China missions]] |
* [[Jesuit China missions]] |
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==References== |
== References == |
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=== Citations === |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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=== Sources === |
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* {{citation |last=Du Halde |first=Jean-Baptiste |date=1735 |publisher=P.-G. le Mercier |location=Paris |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k54962623/ |title=Description Geographique, Historique, Chronologique, Politique, et Physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie Chinoise ''[''A Geographical, Historical, Chronological, Political, and Physical Description of the Empire of China and of Chinese Tartary'']'' |volume= }}. {{in lang|fr}} – [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k54962623/ Vol. I], [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k56991284.r=Jean-Baptiste%20Du%20Halde?rk=107296;4 II], [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5699174c.r=Jean-Baptiste%20Du%20Halde?rk=64378;0 III], & [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k56995399.r=Jean-Baptiste%20Du%20Halde?rk=85837;2 IV] |
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| ⚫ | * {{citation |last=Du Halde |first=Jean-Baptiste |url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongog01duha |title=Description Géographique, Historique, Chronologique, Politique, et Physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie Chinoise ''[''A Geographical, Historical, Chronological, Political, and Physical Description of the Empire of China and Chinese Tartary'']'' |location=The Hague |publisher=H. Scheurleer |date=1736 |volume= }}. {{in lang|fr}} – [https://archive.org/details/descriptiongog01duha Vols. I], [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02duha#page/n5/mode/2up II], [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog03duha#page/n5/mode/2up III], & [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog04duha#page/n5/mode/2up IV] |
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| ⚫ | * {{citation |last=Du Halde |first=Jean-Baptiste |url=https://archive.org/stream/generalhistoryof01duha#page/n5/mode/2up |title=The General History of China, ''3rd ed.'' |publisher=J. Watts |location=London |date=1741 |editor-last=Brookes |editor-first=Richard |volume= }} – [https://archive.org/stream/generalhistoryof01duha Vols. I], [https://archive.org/stream/generalhistoryof02duha#page/n5/mode/2up II], [https://archive.org/stream/generalhistoryof03duha#page/n5/mode/2up III], & [https://archive.org/stream/generalhistoryof04duha#page/n5/mode/2up IV] |
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==External links== |
== External links == |
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{{Wikisource|fr:Auteur:Jean-Baptiste Du Halde}} |
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{{Commons category|Jean-Baptiste Du Halde}} |
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* [http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/clarklib/Travel%20Exhibit%20Pages/Travel%20Exhibit%20Du%20Halde.htm Travel Exhibit Du Halde] |
* [http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/clarklib/Travel%20Exhibit%20Pages/Travel%20Exhibit%20Du%20Halde.htm Travel Exhibit Du Halde] |
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==Notes== |
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<references /> |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Sinologist |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 1674 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = Paris |
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| DATE OF DEATH = 1743 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Du Halde, Jean-Baptiste}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Du Halde, Jean-Baptiste}} |
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[[Category:1674 births]] |
[[Category:1674 births]] |
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[[Category:1743 deaths]] |
[[Category:1743 deaths]] |
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[[Category:18th-century French Jesuits]] |
[[Category:18th-century French Jesuits]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:18th-century French historians]] |
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[[Category:French sinologists]] |
[[Category:French sinologists]] |
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[[Category:Lycée Louis-le-Grand teachers]] |
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Latest revision as of 00:36, 9 March 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2014) |
Jean-Baptiste Du Halde | |
|---|---|
| Born | February 1, 1674 |
| Died | August 18, 1743 (aged 69) Paris, France |
| Citizenship | French |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | History |
Jean-Baptiste Du Halde (Chinese: 杜赫德, Pinyin: Dù Hèdé; 1 February 1674 – 18 August 1743) was a French Jesuit historian specializing in China. He did not travel to China, but collected seventeen Jesuit missionaries' reports and provided an encyclopedic survey of the history, culture and society of China and "Chinese Tartary," that is, Manchuria.
Voltaire said of Du Halde's work: "Although it is developed out of Paris, and he hath not known the Chinese, [he] gave on the basis of the memoirs of his colleagues, the widest and the best description the empire of China has had worldwide."[1]
Career
[edit]Du Halde entered the Society of Jesus in 1692 and became professor at the College of Paris succeeding Charles Le Gobien. From 1711 to 1743 he oversaw the publication of Lettres Édifiantes et Curieuses, written from Foreign Missions, by Jesuit missionaries in China, published in 34 volumes ranges between 1703 and 1776. He wrote prefaces for volumes IX to XXVI. He was also Secretary of Michel Le Tellier and confessor to the son of the regent in 1729.
Du Halde is also the author of writings in Latin as well as a treatise entitled Le Sage chrétien, ou les Principes de la vraie sagesse, pour se conduire chrétiennement dans le monde (The Christian Sage, or the principles of true wisdom, to lead a Christian in the world), published in 1724.
Description of China
[edit]
Drawn from the Jesuit Lettres Édifiantes et Curieuses and unpublished reports containing translations of Chinese texts of various origins, Du Halde's Geographical, Historical, Chronological, Political, and Physical Description of the Empire of China and Chinese Tartary appeared in Paris in four volumes in 1735; it was reprinted in the Netherlands the next year[2] and translated into English as The General History of China two years after that.[3] Besides a very detailed geographical description based on work by the Jesuits, the book gave encyclopedic coverage of all aspects of Chinese civilization: the emperors and the government; the military and police institutions; the nobility; agriculture and handicrafts; the "genius," "glory", and appearance of Chinese religion, ethics and ceremonies; science and medicine; money and commerce; the language and writing system; the production of porcelain and silkworm breeding. Its understandings of Chinese religion and philosophy were informed by the translations published in 1711 at Prague by the Jesuit François Noël, whose lack of the earlier Christian interpolations in the Chinese text had caused them to be banned in the Papal States and the Holy Roman Empire. There is also an abstract of the explorations of Vitus Bering, which was the first European description of Alaska. The book was very quickly added to all academic libraries and has translated into most European languages.
It had a significant impact on European society in the 18th century, including a decades-long English interest in China and Chinese thought. The philosophers of the Enlightenment drew on it for their thoughts and controversies about religions, cultures and customs, while European manufacturers discovered the secrets of Chinese geography and the first map of the Korea by Jean-Baptiste Régis and 42 maps of Chinese provinces by Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville.
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Le Siècle de Louis XIV, Catalogue de la plupart des écrivains français qui ont paru dans le Siècle de Louis XIV, pour servir à l’histoire littéraire de ce temps, 1751.
- ^ Du Halde (1736).
- ^ Du Halde (1741).
Sources
[edit]- Du Halde, Jean-Baptiste (1735), Description Geographique, Historique, Chronologique, Politique, et Physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie Chinoise [A Geographical, Historical, Chronological, Political, and Physical Description of the Empire of China and of Chinese Tartary], Paris: P.-G. le Mercier. (in French) – Vol. I, II, III, & IV
- Du Halde, Jean-Baptiste (1736), Description Géographique, Historique, Chronologique, Politique, et Physique de l'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie Chinoise [A Geographical, Historical, Chronological, Political, and Physical Description of the Empire of China and Chinese Tartary], The Hague: H. Scheurleer. (in French) – Vols. I, II, III, & IV
- Du Halde, Jean-Baptiste (1741), Brookes, Richard (ed.), The General History of China, 3rd ed., London: J. Watts – Vols. I, II, III, & IV
- Isabelle Landry-Deron, La Preuve par la Chine : la Description de J.-B. Du Halde, jésuite, 1735, Éditions de l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris, 2002.
External links
[edit]
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