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{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Vasopressin V1b receptor''' (V1bR) also known as '''vasopressin 3 receptor''' (VPR3) or '''antidiuretic hormone receptor 1b''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''AVPR1B'' (arginine vasopressin receptor 1B) [[gene]].
'''Vasopressin V1b receptor''' ('''V1BR''') also known as '''vasopressin 3 receptor''' ('''VPR3''') or '''antidiuretic hormone receptor 1B''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''AVPR1B'' (arginine vasopressin receptor 1B) [[gene]].


V1bR acts as [[Vasopressin receptor|receptor]] for [[arginine vasopressin]]. AVPR1B belongs to the subfamily of [[G-protein coupled receptor]]s. Its activity is mediated by G proteins which stimulate a [[phosphatidylinositol]]-[[calcium]] second messenger system.It is a major contributor to homeostasis and the control of water, glucose, and salts in the blood. Arginine vasopressin has four receptors, each of which are located in different tissues and have specific functions. AVPR1b is a g-protein coupled pituitary receptor that has only recently been characterized because of its rarity.<ref name="pmid14624682">{{cite journal | vauthors = Holmes CL, Landry DW, Granton JT | title = Science review: Vasopressin and the cardiovascular system part 1--receptor physiology | journal = Crit Care | volume = 7 | issue = 6 | pages = 427–34 |date=December 2003 | pmid = 14624682 | pmc = 374366 | doi = 10.1186/cc2337 }}</ref>
V1BR acts as a [[vasopressin receptor|receptor]] for [[vasopressin]]. AVPR1B belongs to the subfamily of [[G protein-coupled receptor]]s. Its activity is mediated by G proteins which stimulate a [[phosphatidylinositol]]-[[calcium]] second messenger system. It is a major contributor to homeostasis and the control of water, glucose, and salts in the blood. Arginine vasopressin has four receptors, each of which are located in different tissues and have specific functions. AVPR1b is a G protein-coupled pituitary receptor that has only recently been characterized because of its rarity.<ref name="pmid14624682">{{cite journal | vauthors = Holmes CL, Landry DW, Granton JT | title = Science review: Vasopressin and the cardiovascular system part 1--receptor physiology | journal = Critical Care | volume = 7 | issue = 6 | pages = 427–34 |date=December 2003 | pmid = 14624682 | pmc = 374366 | doi = 10.1186/cc2337 | doi-access = free }}</ref>


It has been found that the 420-amino-acid sequence of the AVPR1B receptor shared the most overall similarities with the AVP1A, AVP2 and oxytocin receptors.<ref name="pmid15094789">{{cite journal | vauthors = van West D, Del-Favero J, Aulchenko Y, Oswald P, Souery D, Forsgren T, Sluijs S, Bel-Kacem S, Adolfsson R, Mendlewicz J, Van Duijn C, Deboutte D, Van Broeckhoven C, Claes S | title = A major SNP haplotype of the arginine vasopressin 1B receptor protects against recurrent major depression | journal = Mol. Psychiatry | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 287–92 |date=March 2004 | pmid = 15094789 | doi = 10.1038/sj.mp.4001420 }}</ref> AVPR1B maps to chromosome region 1q32 and is a member of the vasopressin/oxytocin family subfamily.<ref name="urlanti-Arginine Vasopressin Receptor 1B (AVPR1B) antibody (ABIN122463)">{{cite web | url = http://www.antibodies-online.com/antibody/122463/anti-Arginine+Vasopressin+Receptor+1B+AVPR1B/ | title = anti-Arginine Vasopressin Receptor 1B (AVPR1B) antibody (ABIN122463) | publisher = antibodies-online | work = | accessdate = }}</ref>
It has been found that the 420-amino-acid sequence of the AVPR1B receptor shared the most overall similarities with the AVP1A, AVP2 and oxytocin receptors.<ref name="pmid15094789">{{cite journal | vauthors = van West D, Del-Favero J, Aulchenko Y, Oswald P, Souery D, Forsgren T, Sluijs S, Bel-Kacem S, Adolfsson R, Mendlewicz J, Van Duijn C, Deboutte D, Van Broeckhoven C, Claes S | title = A major SNP haplotype of the arginine vasopressin 1B receptor protects against recurrent major depression | journal = Molecular Psychiatry | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 287–92 |date=March 2004 | pmid = 15094789 | doi = 10.1038/sj.mp.4001420 | s2cid = 25408207 | doi-access = }}</ref> AVPR1B maps to chromosome region 1q32 and is a member of the vasopressin/oxytocin family subfamily.<ref name="urlanti-Arginine Vasopressin Receptor 1B (AVPR1B) antibody (ABIN122463)">{{cite web | url = http://www.antibodies-online.com/antibody/122463/anti-Arginine+Vasopressin+Receptor+1B+AVPR1B/ | title = anti-Arginine Vasopressin Receptor 1B (AVPR1B) antibody (ABIN122463) | publisher = antibodies-online }}</ref>


== Tissue distribution ==
== Tissue distribution ==


AVPR1B was initially described as a novel vasopressin receptor located in the [[anterior pituitary]], where it stimulates [[ACTH]] release.<ref name="pmid6089144">{{cite journal | vauthors = Antoni FA, Holmes MC, Makara GB, Kárteszi M, László FA | title = Evidence that the effects of arginine-8-vasopressin (AVP) on pituitary corticotropin (ACTH) release are mediated by a novel type of receptor | journal = Peptides | volume = 5 | issue = 3 | pages = 519–22 | year = 1984 | pmid = 6089144 | doi = 10.1016/0196-9781(84)90080-9 }}</ref> Subsequent studies have shown that it is also present in the brain.<ref name="pmid11250948">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hernando F, Schoots O, Lolait SJ, Burbach JP | title = Immunohistochemical localization of the vasopressin V<sub>1b</sub> receptor in the rat brain and pituitary gland: anatomical support for its involvement in the central effects of vasopressin | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 142 | issue = 4 | pages = 1659–68 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11250948 | doi = 10.1210/en.142.4.1659 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17027167">{{cite journal | vauthors = Young WS, Li J, Wersinger SR, Palkovits M | title = The Vasopressin 1b Receptor is Prominent in the Hippocampal Area CA2 Where It Is Unaffected by Restraint Stress or Adrenalectomy | journal = Neuroscience | volume = 143 | issue = 4 | pages = 1031–9 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17027167 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.08.040| pmc = 1748954 }}</ref>
AVPR1B was initially described as a novel vasopressin receptor located in the [[anterior pituitary]], where it stimulates [[ACTH]] release.<ref name="pmid6089144">{{cite journal | vauthors = Antoni FA, Holmes MC, Makara GB, Kárteszi M, László FA | title = Evidence that the effects of arginine-8-vasopressin (AVP) on pituitary corticotropin (ACTH) release are mediated by a novel type of receptor | journal = Peptides | volume = 5 | issue = 3 | pages = 519–22 | year = 1984 | pmid = 6089144 | doi = 10.1016/0196-9781(84)90080-9 | s2cid = 3843868 }}</ref> Subsequent studies have shown that it is also present in the brain and some peripheral tissues.<ref name="pmid11250948">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hernando F, Schoots O, Lolait SJ, Burbach JP | title = Immunohistochemical localization of the vasopressin V<sub>1b</sub> receptor in the rat brain and pituitary gland: anatomical support for its involvement in the central effects of vasopressin | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 142 | issue = 4 | pages = 1659–68 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11250948 | doi = 10.1210/endo.142.4.8067 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid17027167">{{cite journal | vauthors = Young WS, Li J, Wersinger SR, Palkovits M | title = The Vasopressin 1b Receptor is Prominent in the Hippocampal Area CA2 Where It Is Unaffected by Restraint Stress or Adrenalectomy | journal = Neuroscience | volume = 143 | issue = 4 | pages = 1031–9 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17027167 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.08.040| pmc = 1748954 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lolait SJ, O'Carroll AM, Mahan LC, Felder CC, Button DC, Young WS, Mezey E, Brownstein MJ | title = Extrapituitary expression of the rat V1b vasopressin receptor gene | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 92 | issue = 15 | pages = 6783–7 | date = July 1995 | pmid = 7624319 | pmc = 41413 | doi=10.1073/pnas.92.15.6783| bibcode = 1995PNAS...92.6783L | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Lolait SJ, Roper JA, Hazell GG, Li Y, Thomson FJ, O'Carroll AM | veditors = Murphy E, Gainer H |title=Molecular Neuroendocrinology: From Genome to Physiology |date=2016 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |pages=195–218 | doi = 10.1002/9781118760369.ch10 |chapter=10: Neuropeptide receptors| isbn = 9781118760369 }}</ref>


== Clinical significance ==
== Clinical significance ==
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=== Behavioral ===
=== Behavioral ===


Inactivation of the Avpr1b gene in mice (knockout) produces mice with greatly reduced aggression and a reduced ability to recognize recently investigated mice.<ref name="pmid12399951">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wersinger SR, Ginns EI, O'Carroll AM, Lolait SJ, Young WS | title = AVPR1B knockout reduces aggressive behavior in male mice | journal = Mol. Psychiatry | volume = 7 | issue = 9 | pages = 975–84 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12399951 | doi = 10.1038/sj.mp.4001195 }}</ref> Interestingly, [[defensive behaviour]] and predatory behaviours appear normal in these knockout mice,<ref name="pmid17284170">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wersinger SR, Caldwell HK, Christiansen M, Young WS | title = Disruption of the Vasopressin 1b Receptor Gene Impairs the Attack Component of Aggressive Behavior in Mice | journal = [[Genes, Brain and Behavior]] | volume = 6 | issue = 7 | pages = 653–60 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17284170 | doi = 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00294.x| pmc = 2486432 }}</ref> but there is evidence that social motivation or awareness is reduced.<ref name="pmid15555506">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wersinger SR, Kelliher KR, Zufall F, Lolait SJ, O'Carroll AM, Young WS | title = Social motivation is reduced in vasopressin 1b receptor null mice despite normal performance in an olfactory discrimination task | journal = Hormones and Behavior | volume = 46 | issue = 5 | pages = 638–45 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15555506 | doi = 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.07.004 }}</ref> The AVPR1B antagonist, SSR149415, has been shown to have anti-aggressive actions in hamsters<ref name="pmid15652395">{{cite journal | vauthors = Blanchard RJ, Griebel G, Farrokhi C, Markham C, Yang M, Blanchard DC | title = AVP V<sub>1b</sub> selective antagonist SSR149415 blocks aggressive behaviors in hamsters | journal = Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. | volume = 80 | issue = 1 | pages = 189–94 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15652395 | doi = 10.1016/j.pbb.2004.10.024 }}</ref> and anti-depressant- and anxiety (anxiolytic)-like behaviors in rats.<ref name="pmid15867952">{{cite journal | vauthors = Serradeil-Le Gal C, Wagnon J, Tonnerre B, Roux R, Garcia G, Griebel G, Aulombard A | title = An overview of SSR149415, a selective nonpeptide vasopressin V<sub>1b</sub> receptor antagonist for the treatment of stress-related disorders | journal = CNS Drug Reviews | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 53–68 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15867952 | doi = 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2005.tb00035.x }}</ref> A [[single nucleotide polymorphism]] (SNP) has been associated with susceptibility to depression in man.<ref name="pmid15094789"/>
Inactivation of the Avpr1b gene in mice (knockout) produces mice with greatly reduced aggression and a reduced ability to recognize recently investigated mice.<ref name="pmid12399951">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wersinger SR, Ginns EI, O'Carroll AM, Lolait SJ, Young WS | title = AVPR1B knockout reduces aggressive behavior in male mice | journal = Mol. Psychiatry | volume = 7 | issue = 9 | pages = 975–84 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12399951 | doi = 10.1038/sj.mp.4001195 | s2cid = 12267433 | doi-access = }}</ref> [[Defensive behaviour]] and predatory behaviours appear normal in these knockout mice,<ref name="pmid17284170">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wersinger SR, Caldwell HK, Christiansen M, Young WS | title = Disruption of the Vasopressin 1b Receptor Gene Impairs the Attack Component of Aggressive Behavior in Mice | journal = [[Genes, Brain and Behavior]] | volume = 6 | issue = 7 | pages = 653–60 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17284170 | doi = 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00294.x| pmc = 2486432 }}</ref> but there is evidence that social motivation or awareness is reduced.<ref name="pmid15555506">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wersinger SR, Kelliher KR, Zufall F, Lolait SJ, O'Carroll AM, Young WS | title = Social motivation is reduced in vasopressin 1b receptor null mice despite normal performance in an olfactory discrimination task | journal = Hormones and Behavior | volume = 46 | issue = 5 | pages = 638–45 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15555506 | doi = 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.07.004 | s2cid = 38444963 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1259471 }}</ref> The AVPR1B antagonist, SSR149415, has been shown to have anti-aggressive actions in hamsters<ref name="pmid15652395">{{cite journal | vauthors = Blanchard RJ, Griebel G, Farrokhi C, Markham C, Yang M, Blanchard DC | title = AVP V<sub>1b</sub> selective antagonist SSR149415 blocks aggressive behaviors in hamsters | journal = Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior | volume = 80 | issue = 1 | pages = 189–94 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15652395 | doi = 10.1016/j.pbb.2004.10.024 | s2cid = 236345 }}</ref> and anti-depressant- and anxiety (anxiolytic)-like behaviors in rats.<ref name="pmid15867952">{{cite journal | vauthors = Serradeil-Le Gal C, Wagnon J, Tonnerre B, Roux R, Garcia G, Griebel G, Aulombard A | title = An overview of SSR149415, a selective nonpeptide vasopressin V<sub>1b</sub> receptor antagonist for the treatment of stress-related disorders | journal = CNS Drug Reviews | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 53–68 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15867952 | doi = 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2005.tb00035.x | pmc = 6741711 }}</ref> A [[single nucleotide polymorphism]] (SNP) has been associated with susceptibility to depression in humans.<ref name="pmid15094789"/>


=== Metabolic ===
=== Metabolic ===


Various stress-induced elevations of ACTH are blunted in the Avpr1b knockout mouse.<ref name="pmid17122081">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lolait SJ, Stewart LQ, Jessop DS, Young WS, O'Carroll AM | title = The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Response to Stress in Mice Lacking Functional Vasopressin V1b Receptors | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 148 | issue = 2 | pages = 849–56 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17122081 | doi = 10.1210/en.2006-1309| pmc = 2040022 }}</ref>
Various stress-induced elevations of ACTH are blunted in the Avpr1b knockout mouse.<ref name="pmid17122081">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lolait SJ, Stewart LQ, Jessop DS, Young WS, O'Carroll AM | title = The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Response to Stress in Mice Lacking Functional Vasopressin V1b Receptors | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 148 | issue = 2 | pages = 849–56 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17122081 | doi = 10.1210/en.2006-1309| pmc = 2040022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Roper J, O'Carroll AM, Young W, Lolait S | title = The vasopressin Avpr1b receptor: molecular and pharmacological studies | journal = Stress | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 98–115 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 20828336 | pmc = 3016603 | doi = 10.3109/10253890.2010.512376 }}</ref>


=== Oncology ===
=== Oncology ===


AVPR1B is expressed at high levels in ACTH-secreting [[pituitary adenoma]]s as well as in [[bronchial carcinoid]]s<ref name="pmid9425403">{{cite journal | vauthors = Arlt W, Dahia PL, Callies F, Nordmeyer JP, Allolio B, Grossman AB, Reincke M | title = Ectopic ACTH production by a bronchial carcinoid tumour responsive to [[desmopressin]] in vivo and in vitro | journal = Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) | volume = 47 | issue = 5 | pages = 623–7 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9425403 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.3091129.x }}</ref> responsible for the [[ectopic ACTH syndrome]].<ref name="pmid8636444">{{cite journal | vauthors = de Keyzer Y, Lenne F, Auzan C, Jégou S, René P, Vaudry H, Kuhn JM, Luton JP, Clauser E, Bertagna X | title = The pituitary V3 vasopressin receptor and the corticotroph phenotype in ectopic ACTH syndrome | journal = J. Clin. Invest. | volume = 97 | issue = 5 | pages = 1311–8 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8636444 | doi = 10.1172/JCI118547| url = http://www.jci.org/cgi/content/abstract/97/5/1311 | pmc = 507185 }}</ref>
AVPR1B is expressed at high levels in ACTH-secreting [[pituitary adenoma]]s as well as in [[bronchial carcinoid]]s<ref name="pmid9425403">{{cite journal | vauthors = Arlt W, Dahia PL, Callies F, Nordmeyer JP, Allolio B, Grossman AB, Reincke M | title = Ectopic ACTH production by a bronchial carcinoid tumour responsive to desmopressin in vivo and in vitro | journal = Clinical Endocrinology | volume = 47 | issue = 5 | pages = 623–7 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9425403 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.3091129.x | s2cid = 7833666 }}</ref> responsible for the [[ectopic ACTH syndrome]].<ref name="pmid8636444">{{cite journal | vauthors = de Keyzer Y, Lenne F, Auzan C, Jégou S, René P, Vaudry H, Kuhn JM, Luton JP, Clauser E, Bertagna X | title = The pituitary V3 vasopressin receptor and the corticotroph phenotype in ectopic ACTH syndrome | journal = Journal of Clinical Investigation | volume = 97 | issue = 5 | pages = 1311–8 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8636444 | doi = 10.1172/JCI118547| pmc = 507185 }}</ref>


== Ligands ==
== Ligands ==


[[Nelivaptan]] (SSR149415)<ref name="pmid11861823">{{cite journal | vauthors = Serradeil-Le Gal C, Wagnon J, Simiand J, Griebel G, Lacour C, Guillon G, Barberis C, Brossard G, Soubrié P, Nisato D, Pascal M, Pruss R, Scatton B, Maffrand JP, Le Fur G | title = Characterization of (2S,4R)-1-[5-chloro-1-[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidine carboxamide (SSR149415), a selective and orally active vasopressin V<sub>1b</sub> receptor antagonist | journal = J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | volume = 300 | issue = 3 | pages = 1122–30 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11861823 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.300.3.1122 }}</ref> and D-[Leu<sup>4</sup>-Lys<sup>8</sup>]-vasopressin<ref name="pmid17495006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pena A, Murat B, Trueba M, Ventura MA, Bertrand G, Cheng LL, Stoev S, Szeto HH, Wo N, Brossard G, Serradeil-Le Gal C, Manning M, Guillon G | title = Pharmacological and physiological characterization of d[Leu<sup>4</sup>, Lys<sup>8</sup>]vasopressin, the first V<sub>1b</sub>-selective agonist for rat vasopressin/oxytocin receptors | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 148 | issue = 9 | pages = 4136–46 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17495006 | doi = 10.1210/en.2006-1633 }}</ref> are a specific [[receptor antagonist|antagonist]] and [[agonist]] for the vasopressin 1b receptor, respectively.
[[Nelivaptan]] (SSR149415)<ref name="pmid11861823">{{cite journal | vauthors = Serradeil-Le Gal C, Wagnon J, Simiand J, Griebel G, Lacour C, Guillon G, Barberis C, Brossard G, Soubrié P, Nisato D, Pascal M, Pruss R, Scatton B, Maffrand JP, Le Fur G | title = Characterization of (2S,4R)-1-[5-chloro-1-[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidine carboxamide (SSR149415), a selective and orally active vasopressin V<sub>1b</sub> receptor antagonist | journal = Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 300 | issue = 3 | pages = 1122–30 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11861823 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.300.3.1122 | s2cid = 15987154 }}</ref> and D-[Leu<sup>4</sup>-Lys<sup>8</sup>]-vasopressin<ref name="pmid17495006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pena A, Murat B, Trueba M, Ventura MA, Bertrand G, Cheng LL, Stoev S, Szeto HH, Wo N, Brossard G, Serradeil-Le Gal C, Manning M, Guillon G | title = Pharmacological and physiological characterization of d[Leu<sup>4</sup>, Lys<sup>8</sup>]vasopressin, the first V<sub>1b</sub>-selective agonist for rat vasopressin/oxytocin receptors | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 148 | issue = 9 | pages = 4136–46 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17495006 | doi = 10.1210/en.2006-1633 | doi-access = free }}</ref> are a specific [[receptor antagonist|antagonist]] and [[agonist]] for the vasopressin 1b receptor, respectively.


==Function==
==Function==
AVPR1B is found in different parts of the body and thus has several influences and regulatory actions. Arginine vasopressin influences several symptoms related to affective disorders including significant memory processes, pain sensitivity, synchronization of biological rhythms and the timing and quality of REM sleep.<ref name="pmid15094789"/> Studies have shown that AVPR1B deficiencies produce behavioral changes that can be reversed when the peptide is replaced.<ref name="pmid15094789"/> These effects are expressed through contact with specific plasma membrane receptors.<ref name="pmid15094789"/> AVPR1B is responsible for fueling the effects of vasopressin on ACTH release.<ref name="urlanti-Arginine Vasopressin Receptor 1B (AVPR1B) antibody (ABIN122463)"/> This interaction takes place as Arginine Vasopressin works with corticotropin releasing hormone to stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete ACTH.<ref name="pmid15094789"/> AVPR1b is then responsible for mediating the stimulatory effect of vasopressin on ACTH release.
AVPR1B is found in different parts of the body and thus has several influences and regulatory actions. Arginine vasopressin influences several symptoms related to affective disorders including significant memory processes, pain sensitivity, synchronization of biological rhythms and the timing and quality of REM sleep.<ref name="pmid15094789"/> Studies have shown that AVPR1B deficiencies produce behavioral changes that can be reversed when the peptide is replaced.<ref name="pmid15094789"/> These effects are expressed through contact with specific plasma membrane receptors.<ref name="pmid15094789"/> AVPR1B is responsible for fueling the effects of vasopressin on ACTH release.<ref name="urlanti-Arginine Vasopressin Receptor 1B (AVPR1B) antibody (ABIN122463)"/> This interaction takes place as Arginine Vasopressin works with corticotropin releasing hormone to stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete ACTH.<ref name="pmid15094789"/> AVPR1b is then responsible for mediating the stimulatory effect of vasopressin on ACTH release.
Several G proteins are also involved in the signal transduction pathways linked with AVPR1B.<ref name="pmid14624682"/> These relationships depend on the level of receptor expression and concentration of vasopressin.<ref name="pmid14624682"/> For example, AVPR1B causes secretion of ACTH from the anterior pituitary cells in a dose-dependent relationship by activating protein kinase C via the Gq/11 protein.<ref name="pmid14624682"/>
Several G proteins are also involved in the signal transduction pathways linked with AVPR1B.<ref name="pmid14624682"/> These relationships depend on the level of receptor expression and concentration of vasopressin.<ref name="pmid14624682"/> For example, AVPR1B causes secretion of ACTH from the anterior pituitary cells in a dose-dependent relationship by activating protein kinase C via the Gq/11 protein.<ref name="pmid14624682"/>


==Application==
==Application==
There have been several experiments which have studied these interactions further and revealed AVPR1B’s role in psychological disorders and regulatory functions. Halotypes of AVPR1B are associated with increased protective effects to recurrent major depression.<ref name="pmid15094789"/> AVPR1B has also been associated with higher cortisol responses to psychosocial stress in children with psychiatric disorders compared with carriers of glucocorticoid receptor gene.<ref name="pmid20472303">{{cite journal | vauthors = van West D, Del-Favero J, Deboutte D, Van Broeckhoven C, Claes S | title = Associations between common arginine vasopressin 1b receptor and glucocorticoid receptor gene variants and HPA axis responses to psychosocial stress in a child psychiatric population | journal = Psychiatry Res | volume = 179 | issue = 1 | pages = 64–8 |date=August 2010 | pmid = 20472303 | doi = 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.04.002 }}</ref> AVPR1b has also shown involvement in regulation of brain water content and cerebral edema.<ref name="pmid11884209">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zemo DA, McCabe JT | title = Salt-loading increases vasopressin and vasopressin 1b receptor mRNA in the hypothalamus and choroid plexus | journal = Neuropeptides | volume = 35 | issue = 3-4 | pages = 181–8 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11884209 | doi = 10.1054/npep.2001.0864 | url = }}</ref> This was revealed as increased levels of AVPR1B mRNA on the choroid plexus were discovered as a result of increased plasma osmolality.<ref name="pmid11884209"/> The increase after a reduction of brain water content from salt water loading indicated AVPR1B’s role in the neuroendocrine feedback loop in maintaining normal central nervous system fluid balance.<ref name="pmid11884209"/>
There have been several experiments which have studied these interactions further and revealed AVPR1B's role in psychological disorders and regulatory functions. Haplotypes of AVPR1B are associated with increased protective effects to recurrent major depression.<ref name="pmid15094789"/> AVPR1B has also been associated with higher cortisol responses to psychosocial stress in children with psychiatric disorders compared with carriers of glucocorticoid receptor gene.<ref name="pmid20472303">{{cite journal | vauthors = van West D, Del-Favero J, Deboutte D, Van Broeckhoven C, Claes S | title = Associations between common arginine vasopressin 1b receptor and glucocorticoid receptor gene variants and HPA axis responses to psychosocial stress in a child psychiatric population | journal = Psychiatry Research | volume = 179 | issue = 1 | pages = 64–8 |date=August 2010 | pmid = 20472303 | doi = 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.04.002 | s2cid = 25578813 }}</ref> AVPR1b has also shown involvement in regulation of brain water content and cerebral edema.<ref name="pmid11884209">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zemo DA, McCabe JT | title = Salt-loading increases vasopressin and vasopressin 1b receptor mRNA in the hypothalamus and choroid plexus | journal = Neuropeptides | volume = 35 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 181–8 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11884209 | doi = 10.1054/npep.2001.0864 | s2cid = 9507417 }}</ref> This was revealed as increased levels of AVPR1B mRNA on the choroid plexus were discovered as a result of increased plasma osmolality.<ref name="pmid11884209"/> The increase after a reduction of brain water content from salt water loading indicated AVPR1B's role in the neuroendocrine feedback loop in maintaining normal central nervous system fluid balance.<ref name="pmid11884209"/>


== References==
== References==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{MeshName|Receptors,+Vasopressin}}
* {{MeshName|Receptors,+Vasopressin}}
* {{cite web | url = http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=896 | title = Symbol Report: AVPR1B | publisher = Human Geneome Organization Gene Nomenclature Committee | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = }}
* {{cite web | url = https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/896 | title = Symbol Report: AVPR1B | publisher = HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) }}
* {{cite web | url = http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID=2965 | title = Vasopressin and Oxytocin Receptors: V<sub>1B</sub> | accessdate = | date = | format = | work = IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels | publisher = International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = }}
* {{cite web | url = http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID=2965 | title = Vasopressin and Oxytocin Receptors: V<sub>1B</sub> | work = IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels | publisher = International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology | access-date = 2007-07-23 | archive-date = 2016-03-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210509/http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID=2965 | url-status = dead }}
* {{UCSC gene info|AVPR1B}}
* {{UCSC gene info|AVPR1B}}
* {{cite web | url = https://antibody-antibodies.com/grouped/20-abx110673/arginine-vasopressin-receptor-1b-avpr1b-antibody/ | title = Receptor 1B (AVPR1B) | work = the product can be provided by the Abbexa Ltd }}


{{G protein-coupled receptors}}
{{G protein-coupled receptors}}
Line 48: Line 50:
{{Oxytocin and vasopressin receptor modulators}}
{{Oxytocin and vasopressin receptor modulators}}


[[Category:G protein coupled receptors]]
[[Category:G protein-coupled receptors]]

Latest revision as of 03:12, 10 March 2024

AVPR1B
Identifiers
AliasesAVPR1B, AVPR3, arginine vasopressin receptor 1B, V1bR, VPR3, vasopressin 3 receptor, antidiuretic hormone receptor 1B
External IDsOMIM: 600264; MGI: 1347010; HomoloGene: 22678; GeneCards: AVPR1B; OMA:AVPR1B - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

553

26361

Ensembl

ENSG00000198049

ENSMUSG00000026432

UniProt

P47901

Q9WU02

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000707

NM_011924

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000698

NP_036054

Location (UCSC)Chr 1: 206.11 – 206.12 MbChr 1: 131.53 – 131.54 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Vasopressin V1b receptor (V1BR) also known as vasopressin 3 receptor (VPR3) or antidiuretic hormone receptor 1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AVPR1B (arginine vasopressin receptor 1B) gene.

V1BR acts as a receptor for vasopressin. AVPR1B belongs to the subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. Its activity is mediated by G proteins which stimulate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. It is a major contributor to homeostasis and the control of water, glucose, and salts in the blood. Arginine vasopressin has four receptors, each of which are located in different tissues and have specific functions. AVPR1b is a G protein-coupled pituitary receptor that has only recently been characterized because of its rarity.[5]

It has been found that the 420-amino-acid sequence of the AVPR1B receptor shared the most overall similarities with the AVP1A, AVP2 and oxytocin receptors.[6] AVPR1B maps to chromosome region 1q32 and is a member of the vasopressin/oxytocin family subfamily.[7]

Tissue distribution

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AVPR1B was initially described as a novel vasopressin receptor located in the anterior pituitary, where it stimulates ACTH release.[8] Subsequent studies have shown that it is also present in the brain and some peripheral tissues.[9][10][11][12]

Clinical significance

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Behavioral

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Inactivation of the Avpr1b gene in mice (knockout) produces mice with greatly reduced aggression and a reduced ability to recognize recently investigated mice.[13] Defensive behaviour and predatory behaviours appear normal in these knockout mice,[14] but there is evidence that social motivation or awareness is reduced.[15] The AVPR1B antagonist, SSR149415, has been shown to have anti-aggressive actions in hamsters[16] and anti-depressant- and anxiety (anxiolytic)-like behaviors in rats.[17] A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been associated with susceptibility to depression in humans.[6]

Metabolic

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Various stress-induced elevations of ACTH are blunted in the Avpr1b knockout mouse.[18][19]

Oncology

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AVPR1B is expressed at high levels in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas as well as in bronchial carcinoids[20] responsible for the ectopic ACTH syndrome.[21]

Ligands

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Nelivaptan (SSR149415)[22] and D-[Leu4-Lys8]-vasopressin[23] are a specific antagonist and agonist for the vasopressin 1b receptor, respectively.

Function

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AVPR1B is found in different parts of the body and thus has several influences and regulatory actions. Arginine vasopressin influences several symptoms related to affective disorders including significant memory processes, pain sensitivity, synchronization of biological rhythms and the timing and quality of REM sleep.[6] Studies have shown that AVPR1B deficiencies produce behavioral changes that can be reversed when the peptide is replaced.[6] These effects are expressed through contact with specific plasma membrane receptors.[6] AVPR1B is responsible for fueling the effects of vasopressin on ACTH release.[7] This interaction takes place as Arginine Vasopressin works with corticotropin releasing hormone to stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete ACTH.[6] AVPR1b is then responsible for mediating the stimulatory effect of vasopressin on ACTH release. Several G proteins are also involved in the signal transduction pathways linked with AVPR1B.[5] These relationships depend on the level of receptor expression and concentration of vasopressin.[5] For example, AVPR1B causes secretion of ACTH from the anterior pituitary cells in a dose-dependent relationship by activating protein kinase C via the Gq/11 protein.[5]

Application

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There have been several experiments which have studied these interactions further and revealed AVPR1B's role in psychological disorders and regulatory functions. Haplotypes of AVPR1B are associated with increased protective effects to recurrent major depression.[6] AVPR1B has also been associated with higher cortisol responses to psychosocial stress in children with psychiatric disorders compared with carriers of glucocorticoid receptor gene.[24] AVPR1b has also shown involvement in regulation of brain water content and cerebral edema.[25] This was revealed as increased levels of AVPR1B mRNA on the choroid plexus were discovered as a result of increased plasma osmolality.[25] The increase after a reduction of brain water content from salt water loading indicated AVPR1B's role in the neuroendocrine feedback loop in maintaining normal central nervous system fluid balance.[25]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000198049 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026432 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b c d Holmes CL, Landry DW, Granton JT (December 2003). "Science review: Vasopressin and the cardiovascular system part 1--receptor physiology". Critical Care. 7 (6): 427–34. doi:10.1186/cc2337. PMC 374366. PMID 14624682.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g van West D, Del-Favero J, Aulchenko Y, Oswald P, Souery D, Forsgren T, Sluijs S, Bel-Kacem S, Adolfsson R, Mendlewicz J, Van Duijn C, Deboutte D, Van Broeckhoven C, Claes S (March 2004). "A major SNP haplotype of the arginine vasopressin 1B receptor protects against recurrent major depression". Molecular Psychiatry. 9 (3): 287–92. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001420. PMID 15094789. S2CID 25408207.
  7. ^ a b "anti-Arginine Vasopressin Receptor 1B (AVPR1B) antibody (ABIN122463)". antibodies-online.
  8. ^ Antoni FA, Holmes MC, Makara GB, Kárteszi M, László FA (1984). "Evidence that the effects of arginine-8-vasopressin (AVP) on pituitary corticotropin (ACTH) release are mediated by a novel type of receptor". Peptides. 5 (3): 519–22. doi:10.1016/0196-9781(84)90080-9. PMID 6089144. S2CID 3843868.
  9. ^ Hernando F, Schoots O, Lolait SJ, Burbach JP (2001). "Immunohistochemical localization of the vasopressin V1b receptor in the rat brain and pituitary gland: anatomical support for its involvement in the central effects of vasopressin". Endocrinology. 142 (4): 1659–68. doi:10.1210/endo.142.4.8067. PMID 11250948.
  10. ^ Young WS, Li J, Wersinger SR, Palkovits M (2006). "The Vasopressin 1b Receptor is Prominent in the Hippocampal Area CA2 Where It Is Unaffected by Restraint Stress or Adrenalectomy". Neuroscience. 143 (4): 1031–9. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.08.040. PMC 1748954. PMID 17027167.
  11. ^ Lolait SJ, O'Carroll AM, Mahan LC, Felder CC, Button DC, Young WS, Mezey E, Brownstein MJ (July 1995). "Extrapituitary expression of the rat V1b vasopressin receptor gene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (15): 6783–7. Bibcode:1995PNAS...92.6783L. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.15.6783. PMC 41413. PMID 7624319.
  12. ^ Lolait SJ, Roper JA, Hazell GG, Li Y, Thomson FJ, O'Carroll AM (2016). "10: Neuropeptide receptors". In Murphy E, Gainer H (eds.). Molecular Neuroendocrinology: From Genome to Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 195–218. doi:10.1002/9781118760369.ch10. ISBN 9781118760369.
  13. ^ Wersinger SR, Ginns EI, O'Carroll AM, Lolait SJ, Young WS (2002). "AVPR1B knockout reduces aggressive behavior in male mice". Mol. Psychiatry. 7 (9): 975–84. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001195. PMID 12399951. S2CID 12267433.
  14. ^ Wersinger SR, Caldwell HK, Christiansen M, Young WS (2007). "Disruption of the Vasopressin 1b Receptor Gene Impairs the Attack Component of Aggressive Behavior in Mice". Genes, Brain and Behavior. 6 (7): 653–60. doi:10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00294.x. PMC 2486432. PMID 17284170.
  15. ^ Wersinger SR, Kelliher KR, Zufall F, Lolait SJ, O'Carroll AM, Young WS (2004). "Social motivation is reduced in vasopressin 1b receptor null mice despite normal performance in an olfactory discrimination task". Hormones and Behavior. 46 (5): 638–45. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.07.004. PMID 15555506. S2CID 38444963.
  16. ^ Blanchard RJ, Griebel G, Farrokhi C, Markham C, Yang M, Blanchard DC (2005). "AVP V1b selective antagonist SSR149415 blocks aggressive behaviors in hamsters". Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 80 (1): 189–94. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2004.10.024. PMID 15652395. S2CID 236345.
  17. ^ Serradeil-Le Gal C, Wagnon J, Tonnerre B, Roux R, Garcia G, Griebel G, Aulombard A (2005). "An overview of SSR149415, a selective nonpeptide vasopressin V1b receptor antagonist for the treatment of stress-related disorders". CNS Drug Reviews. 11 (1): 53–68. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2005.tb00035.x. PMC 6741711. PMID 15867952.
  18. ^ Lolait SJ, Stewart LQ, Jessop DS, Young WS, O'Carroll AM (2007). "The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Response to Stress in Mice Lacking Functional Vasopressin V1b Receptors". Endocrinology. 148 (2): 849–56. doi:10.1210/en.2006-1309. PMC 2040022. PMID 17122081.
  19. ^ Roper J, O'Carroll AM, Young W, Lolait S (January 2011). "The vasopressin Avpr1b receptor: molecular and pharmacological studies". Stress. 14 (1): 98–115. doi:10.3109/10253890.2010.512376. PMC 3016603. PMID 20828336.
  20. ^ Arlt W, Dahia PL, Callies F, Nordmeyer JP, Allolio B, Grossman AB, Reincke M (1997). "Ectopic ACTH production by a bronchial carcinoid tumour responsive to desmopressin in vivo and in vitro". Clinical Endocrinology. 47 (5): 623–7. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.3091129.x. PMID 9425403. S2CID 7833666.
  21. ^ de Keyzer Y, Lenne F, Auzan C, Jégou S, René P, Vaudry H, Kuhn JM, Luton JP, Clauser E, Bertagna X (1996). "The pituitary V3 vasopressin receptor and the corticotroph phenotype in ectopic ACTH syndrome". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 97 (5): 1311–8. doi:10.1172/JCI118547. PMC 507185. PMID 8636444.
  22. ^ Serradeil-Le Gal C, Wagnon J, Simiand J, Griebel G, Lacour C, Guillon G, Barberis C, Brossard G, Soubrié P, Nisato D, Pascal M, Pruss R, Scatton B, Maffrand JP, Le Fur G (2002). "Characterization of (2S,4R)-1-[5-chloro-1-[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidine carboxamide (SSR149415), a selective and orally active vasopressin V1b receptor antagonist". Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 300 (3): 1122–30. doi:10.1124/jpet.300.3.1122. PMID 11861823. S2CID 15987154.
  23. ^ Pena A, Murat B, Trueba M, Ventura MA, Bertrand G, Cheng LL, Stoev S, Szeto HH, Wo N, Brossard G, Serradeil-Le Gal C, Manning M, Guillon G (2007). "Pharmacological and physiological characterization of d[Leu4, Lys8]vasopressin, the first V1b-selective agonist for rat vasopressin/oxytocin receptors". Endocrinology. 148 (9): 4136–46. doi:10.1210/en.2006-1633. PMID 17495006.
  24. ^ van West D, Del-Favero J, Deboutte D, Van Broeckhoven C, Claes S (August 2010). "Associations between common arginine vasopressin 1b receptor and glucocorticoid receptor gene variants and HPA axis responses to psychosocial stress in a child psychiatric population". Psychiatry Research. 179 (1): 64–8. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.04.002. PMID 20472303. S2CID 25578813.
  25. ^ a b c Zemo DA, McCabe JT (2001). "Salt-loading increases vasopressin and vasopressin 1b receptor mRNA in the hypothalamus and choroid plexus". Neuropeptides. 35 (3–4): 181–8. doi:10.1054/npep.2001.0864. PMID 11884209. S2CID 9507417.
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