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The Lithuanian calendar is unusual among Western countries in that neither the names of the months nor the names of the weekdays are derived from Greek or Norse mythology. They were formalized after Lithuania regained independence in 1918, based on historic names, and celebrate natural phenomena; three months are named for birds, two for trees, and the remainder for seasonal activities and features. The days of the week are simply ordinal numbers. The Lithuanian calendar shows some similarities with the Slavic calendars.

History

Medieval calendar with the so-called Sceptre of Gediminas, 14th century

Lithuanian researcher Libertas Klimka [lt] proposed that there was a simple astronomical observatory on the Birutė Hill in Palanga before the Christianization of Lithuania.^[1]

The so-called Sceptre of Gediminas cause much speculation about a medieval Lithuanian calendar. It was found on the shore of the Strėva River near Kietaviškės [lt] in 1680. It was an iron stick 68.6 centimetres (27.0 in) in length covered in brass tin with small golden nails that formed various symbols grouped in a spiral of 39 rows. The original was lost at the end of the 19th century, but copies were made and one is kept at the National Museum of Lithuania. A copy owned by the historian Teodor Narbutt was studied and described by the Russian astronomer Matvey Gusev who argued that the symbols marked lunar months and days. No similar artifacts have been found since and researchers doubt its authenticity.^[2]^[3]

The Julian calendar was used in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; the Gregorian calendar was adopted by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1586, a few years after its promulgation in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII. In 1800, following Lithuania's annexation by the Russian Empire, the Julian calendar again became the norm, although a part of ethnic Lithuania left of Nemunas River (Suvalkija) retained the Gregorian calendar (see Aleksotas).^[4] The Russian Revolution of 1917 re-instated the Gregorian calendar, which had been the Western European standard for over a century, in January 1918. These changes caused some confusion before their usage became familiar.^[5]

Names of the months

The standardization of month names was made difficult by the fact that publication of the Lithuanian language in Latin script was illegal from 1864 to 1904 (see Lithuanian press ban) and some drift in the usages occurred.

Month names are not capitalized in the Lithuanian language, reflecting their secular origins.

sausis (January) derives from the adjective sausas, "dry". At this point in Lithuania's winter, precipitation is usually in the form of fine, dry snowflakes, and indoor humidity is very low. Its historic names included ragas, didysis ragutis, siekis, sausinis, and pusčius.
vasaris (February) derives from the noun vasara, "summer". At this point, the days have begun to lengthen, there are occasional thaws, and thoughts and plans of summer reawaken. Cognates of "vasara" in other Indo-European languages also mean "spring", so this month might have been named as the beginning of spring. The historic names for this month were ragutis, kovinis, and pridėtinis.
kovas (March) may derive from either the noun kovas, the rook, or the noun kova, meaning battle. Rooks increase their activity at this time, building their nests and mating. The alternate derivation refers to the struggle between winter and spring. It was formerly known as morčius and karvelinis.
balandis (April) is derived from balandis, the dove, which at this point has begun to coo, nest and mate. Earlier names included žiedų, sultekis, gegužinis, karvelinis, biržėtas, and Velykų.
gegužė (May) is derived from gegužė, the cuckoo. Its call is felt to herald the final arrival of spring. Several folk beliefs are associated with this event. It was earlier known as gegužinis, sėtinis, sėmenis, žiedžius, žiedų, berželis, sultekis, milčius, and mildinis.
birželis (June) is derived from beržas, the birch, which flowers during this month. Birch branches are used as decorations during Pentecost. Its earlier names were visjavis, jaunius, žienpjovys, sėmenis, kirmėlių, biržis, mėšlinis, and pūdymo.
liepa (July) is derived from liepa, the linden tree, which flowers during this month; the flowers pleasantly scent the air, are used to make herbal teas, and attract honeybees. Older names for the month were liepinis, liepžiedis, plaukjavis, plūkis, šienpjūtis, and šienpjūvis. Cognate to Polish lipiec, Ukrainian липень (lypen') and Belarusian ліпень (lipień).
rugpjūtis (August) is derived from rugiai, rye, and the verb pjauti, to cut. This staple Lithuanian grain is harvested then; before mechanization, this was performed with sickles. It was also known as degėsis, paukštlėkis, and pjūties.
rugsėjis (September) is also derived from rugiai, with the verb sėti, to plant. The grain is sown at this time, germinates, and overwinters in the fields, resuming growth in the spring. Other names for this month were rudenio, vėsulinis, paukštlėkis, šilų, rujos, strazdinis, rudugys, viržių, sėjos, veselinis, and vesulis.
spalis (October) is derived from spaliai, flax hards. The plant was harvested at this time; it was and is used for fiber, food, and as a cash crop. The historic names for this month were vėlinis, spalinis, lapkristys, visagalis, and septintinis.
lapkritis (November) is derived from lapas, leaf, and kristi, to fall. Its older names include vėlių, vėlius, spalinis, lapkrėstys, lapkristys, grodis, gruodinis, and vilkų.
gruodis (December) is derived from the noun gruodas, which has no direct English equivalent; it may be described as "a frozen clod". Its older names include sausinis, vilkinis, vilkų, and Kalėdų. Cognate to Polish grudzień and Ukrainian грудень (hruden').

Days of the week

The days of the week are named in sequence, beginning with Monday. They are pirmadienis ("first day"), antradienis, trečiadienis, ketvirtadienis, penktadienis, šeštadienis, and sekmadienis. They are not capitalized.

References

^ Žulkus, Vladas; Klimka, Libertas (1989). "Birutės kalnas – astronominių stebėjimų vieta". Lietuvos pajūrio žemės viduramžiais (PDF) (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Mokslas. pp. 73–85. ISBN 5-420-00243-4.
^ Kulikauskas, Pranas; Zabiela, Gintautas (1999). Lietuvos archeologijos istorija: iki 1945 m. (in Lithuanian). Lietuvos istorijos institutas. pp. 16–17. ISBN 9986-23-066-7.
^ Klimka, Libertas (2009). Tradicinių kalendorinių švenčių semantika (in Lithuanian). Vilniaus pedagoginis universitetas. pp. 173–175. ISBN 978-9955-20-438-1.
^ Timeline of Lithuanian history
^ Lithuanian calendar from the 13th to 20th centuries Archived 2007-03-02 at the Wayback Machine

External links

[1] Žulkus, Vladas; Klimka, Libertas (1989). "Birutės kalnas – astronominių stebėjimų vieta". Lietuvos pajūrio žemės viduramžiais (PDF) (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Mokslas. pp. 73–85. ISBN 5-420-00243-4.

[2] Kulikauskas, Pranas; Zabiela, Gintautas (1999). Lietuvos archeologijos istorija: iki 1945 m. (in Lithuanian). Lietuvos istorijos institutas. pp. 16–17. ISBN 9986-23-066-7.

[3] Klimka, Libertas (2009). Tradicinių kalendorinių švenčių semantika (in Lithuanian). Vilniaus pedagoginis universitetas. pp. 173–175. ISBN 978-9955-20-438-1.

[4] Timeline of Lithuanian history

[5] Lithuanian calendar from the 13th to 20th centuries Archived 2007-03-02 at the Wayback Machine

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+[[File:Calendário Calendar.jpg|thumb|Lithuanian calendar from 1990]]
-The '''Lithuanian calendar''' is unusual among Western countries in that neither the names of the months nor the names of the weekdays are derived from [[Greek mythology|Greek]] or [[Norse mythology]].{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} They were formalized after [[Lithuania]] [[Act of Independence of Lithuania|regained independence]] in 1918, based on historic names, and celebrate natural phenomena; three months are named for birds, two for trees, and the remainder for seasonal activities and features. The days of the week are simply [[Names of numbers in English#Ordinal numbers|ordinal numbers]].
+The '''Lithuanian calendar''' is unusual among Western countries in that neither the names of the months nor the names of the weekdays are derived from [[Greek mythology|Greek]] or [[Norse mythology]]. They were formalized after [[Lithuania]] [[Act of Independence of Lithuania|regained independence]] in 1918, based on historic names, and celebrate natural phenomena; three months are named for birds, two for trees, and the remainder for seasonal activities and features. The days of the week are simply [[Names of numbers in English#Ordinal numbers|ordinal numbers]]. The Lithuanian calendar shows some similarities with the [[Slavic calendar]]s.
 ==History==
+[[File:Gediminas calendar.jpg|thumb|200px|Medieval calendar with the so-called Sceptre of [[Gediminas]], 14th century]]
-[[Image:Gediminas calendar.jpg|thumb|200px|The Gediminas Sceptre, a medieval Lithuanian calendar]][[Image:Lithuanian calendars 19th century.jpg|thumb|200 px|19th century Lithuanian calendars; the left in [[Russian language|Russian]], the right in [[Polish language|Polish]]]][[Image:Lithuanian calendar 1861.jpg|thumb|200 px|A [[Lithuanian language]] calendar by [[Laurynas Ivinskis]]]]
+[[File:Lithuanian calendar 1861.jpg|thumb|200 px|A [[Lithuanian language]] calendar by [[Laurynas Ivinskis]]]]
-Ancient [[Baltic peoples|Baltic]] [[cosmological]] schemes have been found on burial urns dated from 600-200 [[Before Christ|BC]]. As with other [[Bronze Age]] cultures, there were [[megaliths]] associated with the summer and winter [[solstice]]s; hill enclaves with solar calendars have been discovered at [[Birutė]] Mountain near [[Palanga]],<ref>[http://ausis.gf.vu.lt/eka/eastr/sun7.html Lithuanian archeoastronomy]</ref> and at the Purmaliai mound near [[Klaipėda]]. A modern interpretation of the ancient solar calendar was created in 2002 at the [[Kretinga Museum]].
+Lithuanian researcher {{ill|Libertas Klimka|lt}} proposed that there was a simple astronomical observatory on the [[Birutė Hill]] in [[Palanga]] before the [[Christianization of Lithuania]].<ref>{{cite book |first1=Vladas |last1=Žulkus |first2=Libertas |last2=Klimka |title=Lietuvos pajūrio žemės viduramžiais |location=Vilnius |publisher=Mokslas |year= 1989 |url=http://lad.lt/data/com_ladlibrary/631/1-96.pdf |chapter=Birutės kalnas – astronominių stebėjimų vieta |isbn=5-420-00243-4 |language=lt |pages=73–85}}</ref>
+The so-called Sceptre of [[Gediminas]] cause much speculation about a medieval Lithuanian calendar. It was found on the shore of the [[Strėva River]] near {{ill|Kietaviškės|lt}} in 1680. It was an iron stick {{convert|68.6|cm}} in length covered in brass tin with small golden nails that formed various symbols grouped in a spiral of 39 rows. The original was lost at the end of the 19th century, but copies were made and one is kept at the [[National Museum of Lithuania]]. A copy owned by the historian [[Teodor Narbutt]] was studied and described by the Russian astronomer [[Matvey Gusev]] who argued that the symbols marked lunar months and days. No similar artifacts have been found since and researchers doubt its authenticity.<ref>{{cite book |title=Lietuvos archeologijos istorija: iki 1945 m. |first1=Pranas |last1=Kulikauskas |first2= Gintautas |last2=Zabiela |publisher= Lietuvos istorijos institutas |year=1999 |isbn=9986-23-066-7 |language=lt |pages=16–17}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Libertas |last=Klimka |title=Tradicinių kalendorinių švenčių semantika |url=http://talpykla.elaba.lt/elaba-fedora/objects/elaba:4245657/datastreams/MAIN/content |publisher=Vilniaus pedagoginis universitetas |year=2009 |isbn=978-9955-20-438-1 |language=lt |pages=173–175}}</ref>
-The [[Gediminas]] Sceptre, discovered in 1680, indicates that during his reign the year started in April and was divided into 12 months, varying in length from 29 to 31 days. Each month began with a new moon; the weeks were nine days long <ref>{{cite web|author=Libertas Klima|title=Zmogus ir gamta etninëje kultûroje|url=http://www.lkdtc.lt/senas/files/2006/2006_3(50)/31_33.pdf|publisher=Lietuvos kultūros darbuotojų tobulinimosi centras|accessdate=2009-01-21}}</ref> The month names on this artifact are expressed in symbols, based on natural phenomena and agricultural cycles.<ref>[http://www.lithuanian.net/mitai/cosmos/baltai5.htm Cosmology of the ancient Balts]</ref>   (i.e. the [[Month#Sidereal month|sidereal month]] was divided into three parts).<ref>
-{{cite web
-| last = Straižys
-| first = Vytautas
-|author2=Klimka, Libertas
- | title = Natural rythms and calendar
-| work = Cosmology of the Ancient Balts
-| publisher = Global Lithuanian Net
-| url = http://www.lithuanian.net/mitai/cosmos/baltai5.htm
-| accessdate = 2009-01-21}}</ref>
-The [[Julian calendar]] was used in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]; the [[Gregorian calendar]] was adopted by the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] in 1586, a few years after its promulgation in 1582 by [[Pope Gregory XIII]]. In 1800, following Lithuania's annexation by the [[Russian Empire]], the Julian calendar again became the norm, although a part of ethnic Lithuania left of [[Nemunas River]] ([[Suvalkija]]) retained the Gregorian calendar (see [[Aleksotas]]).<ref>[http://www.manoprograma.com/Adelaide%20Tunto%20Handbook/Lithuanian%20History.pdf Timeline of Lithuanian history]</ref> The [[Russian Revolution of 1917]] re-instated the Gregorian calendar, which had been the Western European standard for over a century, in January 1918. These changes caused some confusion before their usage became familiar.<ref>[http://ausis.gf.vu.lt/eka/customs/calen.html Lithuanian calendar from the 13th to 20th centuries]</ref>
+The [[Julian calendar]] was used in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]; the [[Gregorian calendar]] was adopted by the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] in 1586, a few years after its promulgation in 1582 by [[Pope Gregory XIII]]. In 1800, following Lithuania's annexation by the [[Russian Empire]], the Julian calendar again became the norm, although a part of ethnic Lithuania left of [[Nemunas River]] ([[Suvalkija]]) retained the Gregorian calendar (see [[Aleksotas]]).<ref>[http://www.manoprograma.com/Adelaide%20Tunto%20Handbook/Lithuanian%20History.pdf Timeline of Lithuanian history]</ref> The [[Russian Revolution of 1917]] re-instated the Gregorian calendar, which had been the Western European standard for over a century, in January 1918. These changes caused some confusion before their usage became familiar.<ref>[http://ausis.gf.vu.lt/eka/customs/calen.html Lithuanian calendar from the 13th to 20th centuries] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302100159/http://ausis.gf.vu.lt/eka/customs/calen.html |date=2007-03-02 }}</ref>
 ==Names of the months==
-The standardization of month names was made difficult by the fact that publication in the Lithuanian language was illegal from 1864 to 1904 (see [[Lithuanian press ban]]) and some drift in the usages occurred.
+The standardization of month names was made difficult by the fact that publication of the Lithuanian language in Latin script was illegal from 1864 to 1904 (see [[Lithuanian press ban]]) and some drift in the usages occurred.
-Month names are not customarily capitalized in the [[Lithuanian language]], reflecting their [[secular]] origins.
+Month names are not capitalized in the [[Lithuanian language]], reflecting their [[secular]] origins.
+* '''sausis''' (January) derives from the adjective ''sausas'', "dry". At this point in Lithuania's [[winter]], precipitation is usually in the form of fine, dry snowflakes, and indoor [[humidity]] is very low. Its historic names included ''ragas, didysis ragutis, siekis, sausinis'', and ''pusčius''.
-* Sausis (January) derives from the adjective ''sausas'', "dry". At this point in Lithuania's [[winter]], precipitation is usually in the form of fine, dry snowflakes, and indoor [[humidity]] is very low. Its historic names included ''ragas, didysis ragutis, siekis, sausinis'', and ''pusčius''.
+* '''vasaris''' (February) derives from the noun ''vasara'', "summer". At this point, the days have begun to lengthen, there are occasional thaws, and thoughts and plans of summer reawaken. Cognates of "vasara" in other Indo-European languages also mean "spring", so this month might have been named as the beginning of spring. The historic names for this month were ''ragutis, kovinis'', and ''pridėtinis''.
+* '''kovas''' (March) may derive from either the noun ''kovas'', the [[rook (bird)|rook]], or the noun ''kova'', meaning battle. Rooks increase their activity at this time, building their nests and mating. The alternate derivation refers to the struggle between winter and spring. It was formerly known as ''morčius'' and ''karvelinis''.
-* Vasaris (February) derives from the noun ''vasara'', "summer". At this point, the days have begun to lengthen, there are occasional thaws, and thoughts and plans of summer reawaken. Its historic names were ''ragutis, kovinis'', and ''pridėtinis''.
+* '''balandis''' (April) is derived from ''balandis'', the [[dove]], which at this point has begun to coo, nest and mate. Earlier names included ''žiedų, sultekis, gegužinis, karvelinis, biržėtas'', and ''Velykų''.
+* '''gegužė''' (May) is derived from ''gegužė'', the [[cuckoo]]. Its call is felt to herald the final arrival of spring. Several folk beliefs are associated with this event. It was earlier known as ''gegužinis'', ''sėtinis'', ''sėmenis'', ''žiedžius'', ''žiedų'', ''berželis'', ''sultekis'', ''milčius'', and ''mildinis''.
+* '''birželis''' (June) is derived from ''beržas'', the [[birch]], which flowers during this month. Birch branches are used as decorations during [[Pentecost]]. Its earlier names were ''visjavis, jaunius, žienpjovys, sėmenis, kirmėlių, biržis, mėšlinis'', and ''pūdymo''.
-* Kovas (March) may derive from either the noun ''kovas'', the [[rook (bird)|rook]], or the noun ''kova'', meaning struggle. Rooks increase their activity at this time, building their nests and mating. The alternate derivation refers to the struggle between winter and spring. It was formerly known as ''morčius'' and ''karvelinis''.
+* '''liepa''' (July) is derived from ''liepa'', the [[Tilia|linden]] tree, which flowers during this month; the flowers pleasantly scent the air, are used to make [[herbal tea]]s, and attract [[honeybees]]. Older names for the month were ''liepinis'', ''liepžiedis'', ''plaukjavis'', ''plūkis'', ''šienpjūtis'', and ''šienpjūvis''. Cognate to [[Polish language|Polish]] [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lipiec#Polish lipiec],  [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C липень] (lypen') and [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C ліпень] (lipień).
-* Balandis (April) is derived from ''balandis'', the [[dove]], which at this point has begun to coo, nest and mate. Earlier names included ''žiedų, sultekis, gegužinis, karvelinis, biržėtas'', and ''Velykų''.
+* '''rugpjūtis''' (August) is derived from ''rugiai'', [[rye]], and the verb ''pjauti'', to cut. This staple Lithuanian grain is harvested then; before mechanization, this was performed with [[sickle]]s. It was also known as ''degėsis'', ''paukštlėkis'', and ''pjūties''.
+* '''rugsėjis''' (September) is also derived from ''rugiai'', with the verb ''sėti'', to plant. The grain is sown at this time, germinates, and overwinters in the fields, resuming growth in the spring. Other names for this month were ''rudenio'', ''vėsulinis'', ''paukštlėkis'', ''šilų'', ''rujos'', ''strazdinis'', ''rudugys'', ''viržių'', ''sėjos'', ''veselinis'', and ''vesulis''.
-* Gegužė (May) is derived from ''gegužė'', the [[cuckoo]]. Its call is felt to herald the final arrival of spring. Several folk beliefs are associated with this event. It was earlier known as ''gegužinis'', ''sėtinis'', ''sėmenis'', ''žiedžius'', ''žiedų'', ''berželis'', ''sultekis'', ''milčius'', and ''mildinis''.
+* '''spalis''' (October) is derived from ''spaliai'', [[flax]] hards. The plant was harvested at this time; it was and is used for fiber, food, and as a cash crop. The historic names for this month were ''vėlinis'', ''spalinis'', ''lapkristys'', ''visagalis'', and ''septintinis''.
+* '''lapkritis''' (November) is derived from ''lapas'', leaf, and ''kristi'', to fall. Its older names include ''vėlių'', ''vėlius'', ''spalinis'', ''lapkrėstys'', ''lapkristys'', ''grodis'', ''gruodinis'', and ''vilkų''.
+* '''gruodis''' (December) is derived from the noun ''gruodas'', which has no direct English equivalent; it may be described as "a frozen clod". Its older names include ''sausinis, vilkinis, vilkų'', and ''Kalėdų''. Cognate to [[Polish language|Polish]] [[wikt:grudzień|grudzień]] and [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] [[wikt:грудень|грудень]] (hruden').
-* Birželis (June) is derived from ''beržas'', the [[birch]], which flowers during this month. Birch branches are used as decorations during [[Pentecost]]. Its earlier names were ''visjavis, jaunius, žienpjovys, sėmenis, kirmėlių, biržis, mėšlinis'', and ''pūdymo''.
-* Liepa (July) is derived from ''liepa'', the [[Tilia|linden]] tree, which flowers during this month; the flowers pleasantly scent the air, are used to make [[herbal tea]]s, and attract [[honeybees]]. Older names for the month were ''liepinis'', ''liepžiedis'', ''plaukjavis'', ''plūkis'', ''šienpjūtis'', and ''šienpjūvis''.
-* Rugpjūtis (August) is derived from ''rugiai'', [[rye]], and the verb ''pjauti'', to cut. This staple Lithuanian grain is harvested then; before mechanization, this was performed with [[sickle]]s. It was also known as ''degėsis'', ''paukštlėkis'', and ''pjūties''.
-* Rugsėjis (September) is also derived from ''rugiai'', with the suffix ''sėti'', to sow. The grain is sown at this time, germinates, and overwinters in the fields, resuming growth in the spring. Other names for this month were ''rudenio'', ''vėsulinis'', ''paukštlėkis'', ''šilų'', ''rujos'', ''strazdinis'', ''rudugys'', ''viržių'', ''sėjos'', ''veselinis'', and ''vesulis''.
-* Spalis (October) is derived from ''spaliai'', [[flax]] hards. The plant was harvested at this time; it was and is used for fiber, food, and as a cash crop. The historic names for this month were ''vėlinis'', ''spalinis'', ''lapkristys'', ''visagalis'', and ''septintinis''.
-* Lapkritis (November) is derived from ''lapas'', leaf, and ''kristi'', to fall. Its older names include ''vėlių'', ''vėlius'', ''spalinis'', ''lapkrėstys'', ''lapkristys'', ''grodis'', ''gruodinis'', and ''vilkų''.
-* Gruodis (December) is derived from the noun ''gruodas'', which has no direct English equivalent; it may be described as "a frozen clod". Its older names include ''sausinis, vilkinis, vilkų'', and ''Kalėdų''.
 ==Days of the week==
+The days of the week are named in sequence, beginning with Monday. They are ''pirmadienis'' ("first day"), ''antradienis'', ''trečiadienis'', ''ketvirtadienis'', ''penktadienis'', ''šeštadienis'', and ''sekmadienis''. They are not capitalized.
-The days of the week are named in sequence, beginning with Monday. They are ''pirmadienis'' ("first day"), ''antradienis'', ''trečiadienis'', ''ketvirtadienis'', ''penktadienis'', ''šeštadienis'', and ''sekmadienis''. They are not ordinarily capitalized.
 ==See also==
 *[[History of Lithuania]]
 *[[Symbols of Lithuania]]
@@ Line 59: / Line 38: @@
 *[[Archaeoastronomy]]
-== Footnotes ==
+==References==
 {{reflist}}
-==References==
-*[http://lietuviu-bendruomene.org/educat/tradicijos/months.html Months in the Lithuanian calendar]
-*[http://culture.polishsite.us/articles/art331fr.htm  Months in Polish calendar - Origin and Meaning]
 ==External links==
-* [http://lietuviu-bendruomene.org/educat/tradicijos/months.html The Lithuanian months]
+* [http://lietuviu-bendruomene.org/educat/tradicijos/months.html Months in the Lithuanian calendar]
+* [http://culture.polishsite.us/articles/art331fr.htm  Months in Polish calendar - Origin and Meaning]
 * [http://www.muziejai.lt/Prienai/kalendoriu_muziejus.en.htm Calendar exposition at a Lithuanian museum]
 * [http://www.qedata.se/bilder/gallerier/litauiskt-galleri/kretinga-kalender/kalender-mot-pelaren.jpg Photos of a modern solar calendar in Kretinga]
-* {{lt icon}} [http://vydija.puslapiai.lt/kalendorius/ The Lithuanian calendar]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929115252/http://vydija.puslapiai.lt/kalendorius/ The Lithuanian calendar] {{in lang|lt}}
 {{Lithuania topics}}
 {{Calendars}}
-[[Category:Cultural history of Lithuania]]
+[[Category:Cultural history of Lithuania|Calendar]]
 [[Category:Specific calendars]]