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{{Short description|Technique of stone wall construction}}
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2014}}
'''Polygonal masonry''' is a technique of stone construction of the ancient Mediterranean world. True polygonal masonry is a technique wherein the visible surfaces of the stones are [[Wiktionary:dress|dressed]] with straight sides or joints, giving the block the appearance of a polygon.
{{Expand Italian|Opera poligonale|date=October 2014}}
'''Polygonal masonry''' is a technique of stone wall construction. True polygonal masonry is a technique wherein the visible surfaces of the stones are [[Wiktionary:dress|dressed]] with straight sides or joints, giving the block the appearance of a polygon.<ref name="Wright2009">{{cite book|author=G.R.H. Wright|title=Ancient Building Technology, Volume 3: Construction (2 Vols)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQHsKG6g5zwC&pg=PA154|date=23 November 2009|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-17745-0|pages=154–}}</ref>


This technique is found throughout the Mediterranean and sometimes corresponds to the less technical category of [[Cyclopean masonry]].
This technique is found throughout the world and sometimes corresponds to the less technical category of [[Cyclopean masonry]].<ref name="Malacrino2010">{{cite book|author=Carmelo G. Malacrino|title=Constructing the Ancient World: Architectural Techniques of the Greeks and Romans|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Gfk34wJ8-kC&pg=PA97|year=2010|publisher=Getty Publications|isbn=978-1-60606-016-2|pages=97–}}</ref>


{{horizontal TOC}}
==Italy==

In Italy it is particularly indicative of the region of Latium, but it occurs also in [[Etruria]], [[Lucania]], [[Samnium]], and [[Umbria]]; scholars including [[Giuseppe Lugli]] have carried out studies of the technique. Some notable sites that have fortification walls built in this technique include [[Norba]], [[Segni|Signia]], [[Aletrium|Alatri]], [[Bovianum|Boiano]], [[Circeii|Circeo]], [[Cosa]], [[Alba Fucens]], [[Palestrina]], and [[Terracina]].
==Places==

===Albania===
*[[Lezhe]]
*[[Chaonia]]
And others

===Crimea===
*[[Chufut-Kale]]
*[[Mangup]]
*[[Vorontsov Palace (Alupka)|Vorontsov Palace]]

===Easter Island===
[[File:Ahuvinapu.jpg|thumb|Ahu Vinapú]]
*[[Ahu Vinapu]]

===Ecuador===
*[[Ingapirca]]

===Finland===
[[File:Bomarsund 3.jpg|thumb|175px|A part of the wall of the Bomarsund Fortress]]

*[[Bomarsund, Åland|Bomarsund Fortress]]
*[[Suomenlinna]]

===Georgia===
*[[Anakopia Fortress]]
*[[Ateni Sioni Church]]
*[[Bagrati Cathedral]]
*[[Gudarekhi]]
*[[Gelati Monastery]]

===Greece===
[[File:Section of Polygonal Wall at Delphi.jpg|thumb|Section of polygonal wall at Delphi]]

*[[Delphi]]
*[[Keramikos]]
*[[Nekromanteion]]

===Hungary===
*[[Komárom]]
*[[Fort Monostor]]

===India===
*[[Vellore Fort]]
*[[Great Wall of India]]
*[[Murud Janjira]]

===Indonesia===
*[[Nias]]
*[[Toraja]]

===Iran===
*[[Si-o-se-pol]]

===Italy===
[[File:Velia 0975.jpg|thumb|Velia, Porta Rosa]]

In Italy, polygonal masonry is particularly indicative of the region of Latium, but it occurs also in [[Etruria]], [[Lucania]], [[Samnium]], and [[Umbria]]; scholars including [[Giuseppe Lugli]] have carried out studies of the technique.<ref>[[Tenney Frank|Frank, T.]] 1924. "Roman buildings of the Republic: an attempt to date them from their materials." ''MAAR'' 3.</ref><ref name="Lugli1957">{{cite book|author=Giuseppe Lugli|title=La Tecnica Edilizia Romana Con Particolare Riguardo a Roma E Lazio: Testo. 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ftGxnQEACAAJ|year=1957|publisher=Johnson Reprint}}</ref> Some notable sites that have fortification walls built in this technique include [[Norba]], [[Segni|Signia]], [[Aletrium|Alatri]], [[Bovianum Undecumanorum|Boiano]], [[Circeii|Circeo]], [[Cosa]], [[Alba Fucens]], [[Palestrina]], and [[Terracina]].<ref name="Becker2007">{{cite book|author=Jeffrey Alan Becker|title=The Building Blocks of Empire: Civic Architecture, Central Italy, and the Roman Middle Republic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kMjzj8WJhgC&pg=PA109|year=2007|publisher=ProQuest|isbn=978-0-549-55847-7|pages=109–}}</ref> The Porta Rosa of the ancient city of [[Velia]] employs a variant of the technique known as Lesbian masonry.<ref name="Wright2009"/>

*[[Santa Severa]]
*[[Rialto Bridge]]

===Japan===
[[File:Naha Shuri Castle50s3s4500.jpg|thumb|Shuri Castle, Naha]]

*[[Akō Castle]]
*[[Fushimi Castle]]
*[[Goryōkaku]]
*[[Nakagusuku Castle]]
*[[Nijō Castle]]
*[[Odawara Castle]]
*[[Oka Castle]]
*[[Osaka Castle]]
*[[Shibata Castle]]
*[[Shuri Castle]]
*[[Uwajima Castle]]

===Latvia===
[[File:Nikolaja vārti. Ārējā fasāde.JPG|thumb|Daugavpils Fortress]]

*[[Daugavpils]]

===Malta===
*[[Corradino Lines]]
*[[Ħaġar Qim]]
*[[Megalithic Temples of Malta]]

===Mexico===
*[[Teotihuacan]]

===Montenegro===
[[File:Entrance to Stützpunkt Grabovac, Fort Trašte.jpg|thumb|Entrance to Stützpunkt Grabovac at the rear of Fort Trašte]]

*[[Fort Gorazda]]
*[[Fort Trašte]]
*[[Lovćen]]

===Morocco===
*[[Lixus (ancient city)|Lixus]]

===Peru===
[[File:Sacsayhuamán, Cusco, Perú, 2015-07-31, DD 27.JPG|thumb|Sacsayhuamán, Cusco, Perú|alt=Sacsayhuamán, Cusco, Perú, 2015-07-31, DD 27.JPG]]

*[[Chinchero]]
*[[Chullpa|Chullpa Towers]]
*[[Coricancha]]
*[[Inti Watana, Ayacucho]]
[[File:Pumacocha Archaeological site - wall.jpg|thumb|Pumacocha Archaeological site|alt=Pumacocha Archaeological site - wall.jpg]]

*[[Ollantaytambo]]
*[[Raqch'i]]
*[[Saksaywaman]]
*[[Tambomachay]]
*[[Tarawasi]]
*[[Usnu, Ayacucho|Usnu]]
*[[Vilcabamba, Peru|Vilcabamba]]
*[[Vilcashuamán]]
*[[Wanuku Pampa]]
*[[Twelve-angled_stone]]

===Philippines===
*[[Fort Pilar]]
*[[Fort San Pedro]]

===Portugal===
*[[Quinta da Regaleira]]

===Romania===
[[File:Iulia Hasdeu Castle.jpg|thumb|Iulia Hasdeu Castle]]

*[[Curtea de Argeș Cathedral]]
*[[Iulia Hasdeu Castle]]
*[[Orăștioara de Sus]]
*[[Sarmizegetusa Regia|Sarmisegetusa]]

===Russia===
[[File:RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Forts of Kronstadt (Fort Alexander I).jpg|thumb|Fort Alexander I]]

*[[Fort Alexander (Saint Petersburg)|Fort Alexander]]
*[[Königsberg Castle]]

===Spain===
*[[Olèrdola|Castell d'Olèrdola]]
*[[Les Ferreres Aqueduct]]

===Sudan===
*[[Meroë]]

===Sweden===
*[[Älvsborg fortress]]
*[[Vaberget Fortress]]

=== Syria ===
[[File:Hosnsuleiman.jpg|thumb|Hosn Suleiman temple]]

*[[Arwad]]
*[[Hosn Suleiman|Hosn Suleiman Baitokaike]]
*[[Bara, Syria|Bara]]
*[[Barad, Syria|Barad]]
*[[Barjaka]]
*[[Basufan]]
* [[Bauda, Syria|Bauda]]
[[File:BaudaS,pyramidtomb.jpg|thumb|Pyramidal tomb in 6th century Bauda, one of the former [[Dead Cities]] in northwestern Syria]]

*[[Benastur Monastery]]
*[[Church of Saint Simeon Stylites]]
*[[Churches of Sheikh Suleiman village]]
*[[Cyrrhus]]
*[[Al-Dana, Syria|Dana]]
*[[Deir Qeita]]
*[[Jarada]]
*[[Kharab Shams Basilica]]
*[[Mount Simeon]]
*[[Mushabbak Basilica]]
*[[Refade]]
*[[Serjilla]]
[[File:Serjilla 06 - Press-house.jpg|thumb|The press-house of Serjilla, Syria]]

*[[Qalb Loze]]
*[[Qatura]]

===Thailand===
*[[Phimai|Phi Mai]]
*[[Phanom Rung]]

===Turkey===
[[File:Selimiye Kışlası.jpg|thumb|Selimiye Kışlası]]

*[[Enderun School]]
*[[Efes, Turkey|Efes]]
*[[Hagia Sophia]]
*[[Hattusa]]
*[[Lyrbe]]
*[[Selimiye Barracks]]

===United Arab Emirates===
*[[Hili Archaeological Park]]

===United Kingdom===
*[[Gloucester Cathedral]]
*[[Maes Howe]]
*[[Stanton Moor]]

===United States===
[[File:Memorial quadrangle gate.jpg|thumb|upright|Memorial Quadrangle Gate at Yale]]

*[[Alamo Mission in San Antonio|The Alamo]]
*[[Harsimus Stem Embankment]]
*[[Hearst Castle]]
*[[Yale]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Frank, T. 1924. “Roman building of the Republic.” MAAR 3.
* P. Gros. 1996. ''L'architecture romaine: du début du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. à la fin du Haut-Empire''. 2 v. Paris: Picard.
* [[Pierre Gros|P. Gros]]. 1996. ''L'architecture romaine: du début du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. à la fin du Haut-Empire''. 2 v. Paris: Picard.

* G. Lugli. 1957. ''La tecnica edilizia Romana''. 2 v. Bardi.
{{Stonemasonry}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Polygonal Masonry}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Polygonal Masonry}}
[[Category:Polygonal masonry| ]]
[[Category:Masonry]]
[[Category:Masonry]]

Latest revision as of 20:55, 10 March 2024

Polygonal masonry is a technique of stone wall construction. True polygonal masonry is a technique wherein the visible surfaces of the stones are dressed with straight sides or joints, giving the block the appearance of a polygon.[1]

This technique is found throughout the world and sometimes corresponds to the less technical category of Cyclopean masonry.[2]

Places

[edit]

Albania

[edit]

And others

Crimea

[edit]

Easter Island

[edit]
Ahu Vinapú

Ecuador

[edit]

Finland

[edit]
A part of the wall of the Bomarsund Fortress

Georgia

[edit]

Greece

[edit]
Section of polygonal wall at Delphi

Hungary

[edit]

India

[edit]

Indonesia

[edit]

Iran

[edit]

Italy

[edit]
Velia, Porta Rosa

In Italy, polygonal masonry is particularly indicative of the region of Latium, but it occurs also in Etruria, Lucania, Samnium, and Umbria; scholars including Giuseppe Lugli have carried out studies of the technique.[3][4] Some notable sites that have fortification walls built in this technique include Norba, Signia, Alatri, Boiano, Circeo, Cosa, Alba Fucens, Palestrina, and Terracina.[5] The Porta Rosa of the ancient city of Velia employs a variant of the technique known as Lesbian masonry.[1]

Japan

[edit]
Shuri Castle, Naha

Latvia

[edit]
Daugavpils Fortress

Malta

[edit]

Mexico

[edit]

Montenegro

[edit]
Entrance to Stützpunkt Grabovac at the rear of Fort Trašte

Morocco

[edit]

Peru

[edit]
Sacsayhuamán, Cusco, Perú, 2015-07-31, DD 27.JPG
Sacsayhuamán, Cusco, Perú
Pumacocha Archaeological site - wall.jpg
Pumacocha Archaeological site

Philippines

[edit]

Portugal

[edit]

Romania

[edit]
Iulia Hasdeu Castle

Russia

[edit]
Fort Alexander I

Spain

[edit]

Sudan

[edit]

Sweden

[edit]

Syria

[edit]
Hosn Suleiman temple
Pyramidal tomb in 6th century Bauda, one of the former Dead Cities in northwestern Syria
The press-house of Serjilla, Syria

Thailand

[edit]

Turkey

[edit]
Selimiye Kışlası

United Arab Emirates

[edit]

United Kingdom

[edit]

United States

[edit]
Memorial Quadrangle Gate at Yale

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b G.R.H. Wright (23 November 2009). Ancient Building Technology, Volume 3: Construction (2 Vols). BRILL. pp. 154–. ISBN 90-04-17745-0.
  2. ^ Carmelo G. Malacrino (2010). Constructing the Ancient World: Architectural Techniques of the Greeks and Romans. Getty Publications. pp. 97–. ISBN 978-1-60606-016-2.
  3. ^ Frank, T. 1924. "Roman buildings of the Republic: an attempt to date them from their materials." MAAR 3.
  4. ^ Giuseppe Lugli (1957). La Tecnica Edilizia Romana Con Particolare Riguardo a Roma E Lazio: Testo. 1. Johnson Reprint.
  5. ^ Jeffrey Alan Becker (2007). The Building Blocks of Empire: Civic Architecture, Central Italy, and the Roman Middle Republic. ProQuest. pp. 109–. ISBN 978-0-549-55847-7.
  • P. Gros. 1996. L'architecture romaine: du début du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. à la fin du Haut-Empire. 2 v. Paris: Picard.
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