Hydrophis: Difference between revisions

Hydrophis
	Annulated sea snake, H. cyanocinctus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Elapidae
Subfamily:	Hydrophiinae
Genus:	Hydrophis; Latreille In Sonnini & Latreille, 1801
Type species
	Hydrophis platurus; Linnaeus, 1766
Species
	See text
Synonyms
	Disteira Lacépède, 1804

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Hydrophis is a genus of sea snakes, venomous snakes in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. Species in the genus Hydrophis are typically found in Indo-Australian and Southeast Asian waters. Currently, around 36 species are recognized as being valid.^[1]

Systematics and classification

There are more than 30 recognized species in the genus.^[1]

Species	Authority	Subsp.*	Common name	Geographic range
H. annandalei	(Laidlaw, 1901)	0	bighead sea snake, Annandale's sea snake	Indian Ocean
H. anomalus	Schmidt, 1852	0	anomalous sea snake	South Chinese Sea, Indian Ocean
H. atriceps	Günther, 1864	0	black-headed sea snake
H. belcheri	(Gray, 1849)	0	Belcher's sea snake	Queensland and New Territories, Australia
H. bituberculatus	W. Peters, 1873	0	Peters' sea snake	Indian Ocean (Sri Lanka, Thailand)
H. brookii	Günther, 1872	0	Brooke's sea snake
H. caerulescens	(Shaw, 1802)	2	dwarf sea snake	Queensland, Australia
H. cantoris	Günther, 1864	0	Cantor's narrow-headed sea snake, Cantor's small-headed sea snake
H. coggeri	(Kharin, 1984)	0	slender-necked sea snake, Cogger's sea snake^[2]	Western Australia
H. curtus	(Shaw, 1802)	0	Shaw's sea snake, short sea snake, Hardwicke's sea snake, spine-bellied sea snake
H. cyanocinctus	Daudin, 1803	0	annulated sea snake, blue-banded sea snake
H. czeblukovi	(Kharin, 1984)	0	fine-spined sea snake
H. donaldi^[3]	Ukuwela, K. Sanders & B. Fry, 2012		rough-scaled sea snake	Northern Australia
H. elegans	(Gray, 1842)	0	elegant sea snake
H. fasciatus	(Schneider, 1799)	0	striped sea snake
H. hardwickii	(Gray, 1834)	0	Hardwicke's spine-bellied sea snake
H. inornatus	(Gray, 1849)	0	plain sea snake	Western Australia
H. jerdonii	(Gray, 1849)	2	Jerdon's sea snake	Indian Ocean
H. kingii	Boulenger, 1896	0	King's sea snake
H. klossi	Boulenger, 1912	0	Kloss' sea snake
H. laboutei	A. Rasmussen & Ineich, 2000	0	Laboute's sea snake^[2]	New Caledonia
H. lamberti	M.A. Smith, 1917	0	Lambert's sea snake
H. lapemoides	(Gray, 1849)	0	Persian Gulf sea snake
H. macdowelli	Kharin, 1983	0	small-headed sea snake, McDowell's sea snake	Western Australia
H. major	(Shaw, 1802)	0	greater sea snake, olive-headed sea snake
H. mamillaris	(Daudin, 1803)	0	Bombay sea snake
H. melanocephalus	Gray, 1849	0	slender-necked sea snake
H. melanosoma	Günther, 1864	0	black-banded robust sea snake
H. nigrocinctus	Daudin, 1803	0	black-banded sea snake
H. obscurus	Daudin, 1803	0	estuarine sea snake, Russel's sea snake
H. ocellatus	(Gray, 1849)	0	spotted sea snake
H. ornatus	(Gray, 1842)	4	ornate reef sea snake
H. pacificus	Boulenger, 1896	0	large-headed sea snake
H. parviceps	M.A. Smith, 1935	0	Smith's small-headed sea snake
H. peronii	(A.M.C. Duméril, 1853)	0	Peron's sea snake
H. platurus	Linnaeus, 1766	0	yellow-bellied sea snake
H. schistosus	Daudin, 1803	0	beaked sea snake	Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf to Pacific Ocean^[4]^[5]
H. semperi	Garman, 1881	0	Lake Taal snake, Garman's sea snake, Philippine freshwater sea snake, Luzon sea snake
H. sibauensis	A. Rasmussen, Auliya & W. Böhme, 2001	0	Kalimantan sea snake
H. spiralis	(Shaw, 1802)	0	yellow sea snake
H. stokesii	(Gray, 1846)	0	Stokes' sea snake, Stokes's sea snake
H. stricticollis	Günther, 1864	0	collared sea snake
H. torquatus	Günther, 1864	2	west coast black-headed sea snake
H. viperinus	Schmidt, 1852	0	viperine sea snake	Persian Gulf and Western Indian Ocean to Western Pacific Ocean^[6]
H. vorisi	Kharin, 1984	0	estuarine sea snake	Torres Strait, Queensland
H. zweifeli	(Kharin, 1985)	0	Sepik beaked sea snake, Zweifel’s beaked sea snake

^[7] *) Not including the nominate subspecies (typical form).

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Hydrophis.

References

^ ^a ^b "Hydrophis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 7 September 2007.
^ ^a ^b Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Hydrophis coggeri, p. 56; H. laboutei, p. 149).
^ "Spiny, Venomous New Sea Snake Discovered—"Something Special"". Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
^ Rasmussen, A. (15 February 2009). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hydrophis schistosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
^ "Hydrophis schistosus".
^ Rasmussen, A. (15 February 2009). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hydrophis viperinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
^ "The Reptiles of Australia, Marine snakes". Archived from the original on 2010-06-16. Retrieved 2010-02-19. (downloaded Feb. 18,2010.)

External links

Hydrophis at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 7 September 2007.

[ITIS-1] "Hydrophis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 7 September 2007.

[EDR-2] Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Hydrophis coggeri, p. 56; H. laboutei, p. 149).

[3] "Spiny, Venomous New Sea Snake Discovered—"Something Special"". Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012.

[4] Rasmussen, A. (15 February 2009). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hydrophis schistosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

[5] "Hydrophis schistosus".

[6] Rasmussen, A. (15 February 2009). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hydrophis viperinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

[7] "The Reptiles of Australia, Marine snakes". Archived from the original on 2010-06-16. Retrieved 2010-02-19. (downloaded Feb. 18,2010.)

[1]

[2]

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[7]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Genus of snakes}}
 {{Italic title}}
 {{Automatic taxobox
-| name              = ''Hydrophis''
+| name = ''Hydrophis''
-| image             = Hydrophis - Brehms.jpg
+| image = Hydrophis - Brehms.jpg
-| image_caption     = Annulated sea snake, ''[[Hydrophis cyanocinctus|H. cyanocinctus]]''
+| image_caption = Annulated sea snake, ''[[Hydrophis cyanocinctus|H. cyanocinctus]]''
-| taxon             = Hydrophis
+| taxon = Hydrophis
-| authority         = [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]] ''In'' [[Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert Sonnini de Manoncourt|Sonnini]] & Latreille, 1801
+| authority = [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]] ''In'' [[Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert Sonnini de Manoncourt|Sonnini]] & Latreille, 1801
+| type_species = ''[[Hydrophis platurus]]''
+| type_species_authority = [[Linnaeus]], 1766
 | subdivision_ranks = Species
-| subdivision       = 35, ''See text''
+| subdivision =  ''See text''
+| synonyms = ''Disteira'' <small>[[Bernard Germain de Lacépède|Lacépède]], 1804</small>
 }}
-'''''Hydrophis''''' is a [[genus]] of [[sea snake]]s. They are typically found in Indo-Australian and Southeast Asian waters. Currently, around 36 [[species]] are recognized.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=700227 |taxon=''Hydrophis'' |accessdate=7 September 2007}}</ref>
+'''''Hydrophis''''' is a [[genus]] of [[sea snake]]s, [[venomous snake]]s in the [[subfamily]] [[Hydrophiinae]] of the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Elapidae]]. [[Species]] in the genus ''Hydrophis'' are typically found in Indo-Australian and Southeast Asian waters. Currently, around 36 species are recognized as being valid.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=700227 |taxon=''Hydrophis'' |accessdate=7 September 2007}}</ref>
 ==Systematics and classification==
@@ Line 48: / Line 52: @@
 |[[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1873
 |align="center"|0
-| [[Wilhelm Peters|Peters']] Sea Snake
+| [[Wilhelm Peters|Peters']] sea snake
 | [[Indian Ocean]] ([[Sri Lanka]], [[Thailand]])
 |-
@@ Line 58: / Line 62: @@
 |-
 |''[[Hydrophis caerulescens|H. caerulescens]]''
-|([[George Shaw|Shaw]], 1802)
+|([[George Shaw (biologist)|Shaw]], 1802)
-|align="center"|0
+|align="center"|2
 |dwarf sea snake
 |[[Queensland]], [[Australia]]
@@ Line 78: / Line 82: @@
 |(Shaw, 1802)
 |align="center"|0
-|[[George Shaw|Shaw's]] sea snake, Short sea snake, Hardwicke's sea snake, spine-bellied sea snake
+|[[George Shaw (biologist)|Shaw's]] sea snake, short sea snake, Hardwicke's sea snake, spine-bellied sea snake
 |
 |-
@@ Line 93: / Line 97: @@
 |
 |-
-|''[[Hydrophis donaldi|H. donaldi]]'' <ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/03/120302-new-sea-snake-species-animals-science-australia/ |title=Spiny, Venomous New Sea Snake Discovered—"Something Special" |accessdate=March 6, 2012}}</ref>
+|''[[Hydrophis donaldi|H. donaldi]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/03/120302-new-sea-snake-species-animals-science-australia/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304150559/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/03/120302-new-sea-snake-species-animals-science-australia/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 4, 2012 |title=Spiny, Venomous New Sea Snake Discovered—"Something Special" |access-date=March 6, 2012}}</ref>
 |[[Kanishka D. Ukuwela|Ukuwela]], [[Kate Laura Sanders|K. Sanders]] <br> & [[Bryan G. Fry|B. Fry]], 2012
 |align="center"|
@@ Line 109: / Line 113: @@
 |align="center"|0
 |striped sea snake
-|
-|-
-|''[[Hydrophis gracilis|H. gracilis]]''
-|(Shaw, 1802)
-|align="center"|0
-|common small-headed sea snake, graceful small-headed sea snake, narrow-headed sea snake, slender sea snake
 |
 |-
@@ Line 131: / Line 129: @@
 |''[[Hydrophis jerdonii|H. jerdonii]]''
 |(Gray, 1849)
-|align="center"|0
+|align="center"|2
 |[[Thomas C. Jerdon|Jerdon's]] sea snake
 |Indian Ocean
@@ Line 186: / Line 184: @@
 |Gray, 1849
 |align="center"|0
-|sea snake
+|slender-necked sea snake
 |
 |-
@@ Line 215: / Line 213: @@
 |''[[Hydrophis ornatus|H. ornatus]]''
 |(Gray, 1842)
-|align="center"|0
+|align="center"|4
-|sea snake
+|ornate reef sea snake
 |
 |-
@@ Line 242: / Line 240: @@
 |yellow-bellied sea snake
 |
+|-
+|''[[Hydrophis schistosus|H. schistosus]]''
+|[[Daudin]], 1803
+|align="center"|0
+|beaked sea snake
+|[[Indian Ocean]] and [[Persian Gulf]] to [[Pacific Ocean]]<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/176719/136258180|title = IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hydrophis schistosus|journal = IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|date = 15 February 2009|last1 = Rasmussen|first1 = A.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Hydrophis&species=schistosus|title = Hydrophis schistosus}}</ref>
 |-
 |''[[Hydrophis semperi|H. semperi]]''
 |[[Samuel Garman|Garman]], 1881
 |align="center"|0
+|Lake Taal snake, Garman's sea snake, Philippine freshwater sea snake, Luzon sea snake
-|[[Carl Semper|Semper's]] sea snake
+|
-|[[Lake Taal]], [[Philippines]]
 |-
 |''[[Hydrophis sibauensis|H. sibauensis]]''
@@ Line 278: / Line 282: @@
 |west coast black-headed sea snake
 |
+|-
+|''[[Hydrophis viperinus|H. viperinus]]''
+|Schmidt, 1852
+|align="center"|0
+|viperine sea snake
+|Persian Gulf and Western Indian Ocean to Western Pacific Ocean<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/176711/136259318|title = IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hydrophis viperinus|journal = IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|date = 15 February 2009|last1 = Rasmussen|first1 = A.}}</ref>
 |-
 |''[[Hydrophis vorisi|H. vorisi]]''
 |Kharin, 1984
 |align="center"|0
-|[[Estuarine sea snake]]
+|[[estuarine sea snake]]
 |[[Torres Strait]], [[Queensland]]
 |-
-|''[[Hydrophis walli|H. walli]]''
+|''[[Hydrophis zweifeli|H. zweifeli]]''
-|(Kharin, 1989)
+|(Kharin, 1985)
 |align="center"|0
-|[[Frank Wall (herpetologist)|Wall's]] sea snake
+|Sepik beaked sea snake, Zweifel’s beaked sea snake
 |
 |-
 |}
-<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kingsnake.com/oz/snakes/marine/marine.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-02-19 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616160645/http://www.kingsnake.com/oz/snakes/marine/marine.htm |archivedate=2010-06-16 }} (downloaded Feb. 18,2010.)</ref>
+<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kingsnake.com/oz/snakes/marine/marine.htm |title=The Reptiles of Australia, Marine snakes |access-date=2010-02-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616160645/http://www.kingsnake.com/oz/snakes/marine/marine.htm |archive-date=2010-06-16 }} (downloaded Feb. 18,2010.)</ref>
 ''*) Not including the [[Nominotypical subspecies|nominate subspecies]] (typical form).''
@@ Line 305: / Line 315: @@
 ==Further reading==
-*{{cite book|author1=Zug, George R.|authorlink1=:de:George Robert Zug|author2=Vitt, Laurie J.|author3=Caldwell, Janalee P.|title=Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles|edition=Second|publisher=Academic Press|date=May 2001|location=|url=https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=012782622X/theemblreptiledaA/|isbn=0-12-782622-X|page=630}}
+*{{cite book|author1=Zug, George R.|author-link1=:de:George Robert Zug|author2=Vitt, Laurie J.|author3=Caldwell, Janalee P.|title=Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles|edition=Second|publisher=Academic Press|date=May 2001|url=https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=012782622X/theemblreptiledaA/|isbn=0-12-782622-X|page=630}}
-*{{cite web|last=Uetz|first=Peter|title=Family Elapidae (cobras, coral snakes, and seasnakes etc.)|publisher=The Reptile Database|url=http://www.jcvi.org/reptiles/families/elapidae.php|accessdate=2007-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011004551/http://www.jcvi.org/reptiles/families/elapidae.php|archive-date=2008-10-11|url-status=dead}}
+*{{cite web|last=Uetz|first=Peter|title=Family Elapidae (cobras, coral snakes, and seasnakes etc.)|publisher=The Reptile Database|url=http://www.jcvi.org/reptiles/families/elapidae.php|access-date=2007-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011004551/http://www.jcvi.org/reptiles/families/elapidae.php|archive-date=2008-10-11|url-status=dead}}
 ==External links==
 * {{NRDB genus|genus=Hydrophis|date=7 September|year=2007}}
-{{Taxonbar|from=Q152504}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q152504|from2=Q152199}}
-[[Category:Sea snakes]]
+[[Category:Hydrophis| ]]
 [[Category:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille]]
 [[Category:Snake genera]]
-[[Category:Hydrophis|*]]

Taxon identifiers
Hydrophis	Wikidata: Q152504 Wikispecies: Hydrophis AFD: Hydrophis CoL: 636MV EoL: 46559575 GBIF: 9206453 iNaturalist: 35201 IRMNG: 1438812 ITIS: 700227 NCBI: 8683 Open Tree of Life: 58280 WoRMS: 343607
Disteira	Wikidata: Q152199 Wikispecies: Disteira GBIF: 2449909 iNaturalist: 35274 Open Tree of Life: 58280 WoRMS: 343597

Latest revision as of 06:05, 12 March 2024

Systematics and classification

See also

References

Further reading

External links