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{{Short description|Genus of hydrozoans}}
{{Taxobox
{{For|the junior homonym of a genus of gastropods|Rossiteria}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Reef invertebrates at the wreck of the Ker Yar Vor PC038332.JPG
| image = Reef invertebrates at the wreck of the Ker Yar Vor PC038332.JPG
⚫
| image_caption = [[Grey fan hydroid]] (''Solanderia procumbens'')
| image_width = 240px
| display_parents = 2
⚫
| image caption = the [[grey fan hydroid]], ''Solanderia procumbens''
⚫
| parent_authority = Marshall, 1892<ref name="worms1">Schuchert, P. (2015). [http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=266972 Solanderiidae Marshall, 1892.] In: Schuchert, P. (2015) World Hydrozoa database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-17</ref>
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
⚫
| taxon = Solanderia
| subregnum = [[Eumetazoa]]
⚫
| authority = Duchassaing & Michelin, 1846
| phylum = [[Cnidaria]]
| subphylum = [[Medusozoa]]
| classis = [[Hydrozoa]]
| subclassis = [[Hydroidolina]]
| ordo = [[Anthoathecata]]
| subordo = [[Capitata (Hydrozoa)|Capitata]]
| familia = '''Solanderiidae'''
⚫
| familia_authority = Marshall, 1892<ref name="worms1">Schuchert, P. (2015). [http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=266972 Solanderiidae Marshall, 1892.] In: Schuchert, P. (2015) World Hydrozoa database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-17</ref>
⚫
| genus = '''''Solanderia'''''
⚫
| genus_authority = Duchassaing & Michelin, 1846
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
|see text
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
Family-level:
Family-level:
* Ceratelladae <small>Gray, 1868</small>
* Ceratelladae <small>Gray, 1868</small>
-----
----
Genus-level:
Genus-level:
*''Ceratella Gray, 1868
* ''Ceratella'' <small>Gray, 1868</small>
*''Chitina'' Carter, 1873
* ''Chitina'' <small>Carter, 1873</small>
*''Dehitella'' Gray, 1868
* ''Dehitella'' <small>Gray, 1868</small>
*''Dendrocoryne'' Inaba, 1892
* ''Dendrocoryne'' <small>Inaba, 1892</small>
* ''Eugemmaria'' <small>Fraser, 1938</small>
*''Spongiocladium'' Jäderholm, 1896
* ''Spongiocladium'' <small>Jäderholm, 1896</small>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="worms1" />
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="worms1" />
}}
}}


'''Solanderiidae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[cnidarian]]s within the class [[Hydrozoa]]. According to the World Register of Marine Species, '''''Solanderia''''' is the only [[genus]] in this family.<ref name="worms1" />
'''''Solanderia''''' is the sole [[genus]] of [[hydrozoans]] in the [[monotypic]] [[family (biology)|family]] '''Solanderiidae'''.<ref name="worms1" /> They are commonly known as '''tree hydroids''' or '''sea fan hydroids'''.<ref name=":0" />

The gastropod genus ''Solanderia'' <small>P. Fischer, 1879</small> is a junior homonym of ''Solanderia'' <small>Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1846</small> ( a replacement name was given as ''[[Rossiteria]]'' <small>Brazier, 1895</small>).


==Description==
==Description==
[[File:Hydrozoa Rakitu-Island MNP9142 NIWA101027 edited.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|''Solanderia'' sp. at Rakitu Island (Arid Island), [[Great Barrier Island]], New Zealand]]
The hydroid forms large colonies. The [[chitin]]ous skeleton is internal, branches, and may form [[anastomoses]]. The skeleton is formed by coalescence and modification of adjacent [[wikt:hydrocaulus|hydrocauline]] tubes. The [[wikt:coenosarc|coenosarc]] covers the entire colony and penetrates skeletal interstices. The [[wikt:hydranth|hydranths]] cover the whole colony surface. Hydranths are uniform in structure, cylindrical, with a single whorl of [[wikt:capitate|capitate]] tentacles around the mouth. Numerous similar tentacles are scattered over the body. Where known, [[wikt:gonophore|gonophores]] are [[cryptomedusoid]] or [[eumedusoid]], arising directly from the coenosarc.
''Solanderia'' hydroids forms large colonies. They are one of about 1000 species of athecate hydroids, which do not construct a skeletal covering for their polyps (as opposed to the thecate hydroids in the order Leptothecata.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.niwa.co.nz/blogs/critteroftheweek/196|title=Critter of the Week: Solanderia – the tree hydroid|last=|first=|date=2016|website=NIWA|publisher=|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref> The [[chitin]]ous skeleton is internal, branches, and may form [[anastomoses]]. The skeleton is formed by coalescence and modification of adjacent [[wikt:hydrocaulus|hydrocauline]] tubes. The [[wikt:coenosarc|coenosarc]] covers the entire colony and penetrates skeletal interstices. The [[wikt:hydranth|hydranths]] cover the whole colony surface and are uniform in structure, cylindrical, with a single whorl of [[wikt:capitate|capitate]] tentacles around the mouth. Numerous similar tentacles are scattered over the body. ''Solanderia'' is known from its polyp or hydroid stage, and produces [[wikt:gonophore|gonophores]] which release sperm and eggs for reproduction. Where known, the gonophores are [[cryptomedusoid]] or [[eumedusoid]], arising directly from the coenosarc.<ref>Pallas, P.S. (1766) Elenchus zoophytorum. Van Cleef, Hagae-Comitum, pp. 1-451 IDDOC=222048 in Schuchert, P. (2013) [http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=266972 World Hydrozoa database.] Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2013-08-12</ref>
<ref>Pallas, P.S. (1766) Elenchus zoophytorum. Van Cleef, Hagae-Comitum, pp. 1-451 IDDOC=222048 in Schuchert, P. (2013) [http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=266972 World Hydrozoa database.] Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2013-08-12</ref>


==Ecology==
==Ecology==
Species of ''Solanderia'' are eaten by nudibranchs in the genus ''[[Hermosita]]'' and the family [[Pleurolidiidae]].<ref>Carmona, L., Pola, M., Gosliner, T. M. & Cervera, J. L. (2015). Protaeolidiella atra ''Baba, 1955 versus ''Pleurolidia juliae'' Burn, 1966: One or two species?'' Helgoland Marine Research. doi:10.1007/s10152-014-0422-3</ref>
Species of ''Solanderia'' are eaten by [[nudibranch]]s in the genus ''[[Hermosita]]'' and the family [[Pleurolidiidae]].<ref>Carmona, L., Pola, M., Gosliner, T. M. & Cervera, J. L. (2015). Protaeolidiella atra ''Baba, 1955 versus ''Pleurolidia juliae'' Burn, 1966: One or two species?'' Helgoland Marine Research. doi:10.1007/s10152-014-0422-3</ref>


==Species==
==Species==
[[File:Hydrozoa Site-12 Houhora-Harbour MNP7182 NIWA101292 edited 0.jpg|thumb|250x250px|''Solanderia'' sp. Houhora Harbour, [[Northland Region|Northland]], New Zealand]]
''Solanderia'' contains the following species:<ref>Schuchert, P. (2015). [http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=206034 ''Solanderia'' Duchassaing & Michelin, 1846.] In: Schuchert, P. (2015) World Hydrozoa database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-17</ref>
''Solanderia'' contains the following species:<ref>Schuchert, P. (2015). [http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=206034 ''Solanderia'' Duchassaing & Michelin, 1846.] In: Schuchert, P. (2015) World Hydrozoa database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-17</ref>
*''[[Solanderia dendritica]]'' (Fraser, 1938)
*''[[Solanderia dendritica]]'' <small>(Fraser, 1938)</small>
*''[[Solanderia ericopsis]]'' (Carter, 1873)
*''[[Solanderia ericopsis]]'' <small>(Carter, 1873)</small>
*''[[Solanderia fusca]]'' (Gray, 1868)
*''[[Solanderia fusca]]'' <small>(Gray, 1868)</small>
*''[[Solanderia gracilis]]'' Duchassaing & Michelin, 1846
*''[[Solanderia gracilis]]'' <small>Duchassaing & Michelin, 1846</small>
*''[[Solanderia misakinensis]]'' (Inaba, 1892)
*''[[Solanderia misakinensis]]'' <small>(Inaba, 1892)</small>
*''[[Solanderia procumbens]]'' (Carter, 1873)
*''[[Solanderia procumbens]]'' <small>(Carter, 1873)</small>
*''[[Solanderia secunda]]'' (Inaba, 1892)
*''[[Solanderia secunda]]'' <small>(Inaba, 1892)</small>
;Species brought into synonymy
* ''Solanderia atrorubens'' <small>(Gray, 1868)</small>: synonym of ''Solanderia fusca'' <small>(Gray, 1868)</small>
* ''Solanderia minima'' <small>(Hickson, 1903)</small>: synonym of ''Solanderia secunda'' <small>(Inaba, 1892)</small>
* ''Solanderia misakiensis'' <small>(Inaba, 1892)</small>: synonym of ''Solanderia misakinensis'' <small>(Inaba, 1892)</small>
* ''Solanderia rufescens'' <small>Jäderholm, 1896</small>: synonym of ''Solanderia secunda'' <small>(Inaba, 1892)</small>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q4005785|from2=Q17132282}}


[[Category:Hydrozoa]]
[[Category:Solanderiidae]]
[[Category:Hydrozoan genera]]
[[Category:Animals described in 1873]]

Latest revision as of 23:11, 12 March 2024

For the junior homonym of a genus of gastropods, see Rossiteria.

Solanderia
Grey fan hydroid (Solanderia procumbens)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Hydrozoa
Order: Anthoathecata
Suborder: Capitata
Family: Solanderiidae
Marshall, 1892[1]
Genus: Solanderia
Duchassaing & Michelin, 1846
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]

Family-level:

  • Ceratelladae Gray, 1868

Genus-level:

  • Ceratella Gray, 1868
  • Chitina Carter, 1873
  • Dehitella Gray, 1868
  • Dendrocoryne Inaba, 1892
  • Eugemmaria Fraser, 1938
  • Spongiocladium Jäderholm, 1896

Solanderia is the sole genus of hydrozoans in the monotypic family Solanderiidae.[1] They are commonly known as tree hydroids or sea fan hydroids.[2]

Description

[edit]
Solanderia sp. at Rakitu Island (Arid Island), Great Barrier Island, New Zealand

Solanderia hydroids forms large colonies. They are one of about 1000 species of athecate hydroids, which do not construct a skeletal covering for their polyps (as opposed to the thecate hydroids in the order Leptothecata.[2] The chitinous skeleton is internal, branches, and may form anastomoses. The skeleton is formed by coalescence and modification of adjacent hydrocauline tubes. The coenosarc covers the entire colony and penetrates skeletal interstices. The hydranths cover the whole colony surface and are uniform in structure, cylindrical, with a single whorl of capitate tentacles around the mouth. Numerous similar tentacles are scattered over the body. Solanderia is known from its polyp or hydroid stage, and produces gonophores which release sperm and eggs for reproduction. Where known, the gonophores are cryptomedusoid or eumedusoid, arising directly from the coenosarc.[3]

Ecology

[edit]

Species of Solanderia are eaten by nudibranchs in the genus Hermosita and the family Pleurolidiidae.[4]

Species

[edit]
Solanderia sp. Houhora Harbour, Northland, New Zealand

Solanderia contains the following species:[5]

Species brought into synonymy
  • Solanderia atrorubens (Gray, 1868): synonym of Solanderia fusca (Gray, 1868)
  • Solanderia minima (Hickson, 1903): synonym of Solanderia secunda (Inaba, 1892)
  • Solanderia misakiensis (Inaba, 1892): synonym of Solanderia misakinensis (Inaba, 1892)
  • Solanderia rufescens Jäderholm, 1896: synonym of Solanderia secunda (Inaba, 1892)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Schuchert, P. (2015). Solanderiidae Marshall, 1892. In: Schuchert, P. (2015) World Hydrozoa database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-17
  2. ^ a b "Critter of the Week: Solanderia – the tree hydroid". NIWA. 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  3. ^ Pallas, P.S. (1766) Elenchus zoophytorum. Van Cleef, Hagae-Comitum, pp. 1-451 IDDOC=222048 in Schuchert, P. (2013) World Hydrozoa database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2013-08-12
  4. ^ Carmona, L., Pola, M., Gosliner, T. M. & Cervera, J. L. (2015). Protaeolidiella atra Baba, 1955 versus Pleurolidia juliae Burn, 1966: One or two species? Helgoland Marine Research. doi:10.1007/s10152-014-0422-3
  5. ^ Schuchert, P. (2015). Solanderia Duchassaing & Michelin, 1846. In: Schuchert, P. (2015) World Hydrozoa database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-17
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