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{{Short description|American cardiopulmonary physiologist (1926–1979)}} |
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1926|5|23}} |
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1926|5|23}} |
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| birth_place = [[Chicago]], |
| birth_place = [[Chicago]], Illinois, U.S. |
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1979|3|6|1926|5|23}} |
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1979|3|6|1926|5|23}} |
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| death_place = |
| death_place = [[Boston]], Massachusetts, U.S. |
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| fields = [[Cardiovascular physiology]] |
| fields = [[Cardiovascular physiology]] |
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| alma_mater = |
| alma_mater = [[Harvard College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|AB]])<br />[[Washington University School of Medicine]] ([[Doctor of Medicine|MD]])<br />[[University of Rochester Medical Center]]<br />[[University at Buffalo]] |
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| known_for = 9th president of the [[Rockefeller Foundation]] |
| known_for = 9th president of the [[Rockefeller Foundation]] |
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'''John Hilton Knowles''' (May 23, 1926{{spaced ndash}}March 6, 1979) was an American [[Cardiovascular physiology|cardiopulmonary physiologist]] and [[physician]] who was most notable for being the |
'''John Hilton Knowles''' (May 23, 1926{{spaced ndash}}March 6, 1979) was an American [[Cardiovascular physiology|cardiopulmonary physiologist]] and [[physician]] who was most notable for being the eighth president of the [[Rockefeller Foundation]] from 1972 until his death from [[pancreatic cancer]] in 1979, and general director of the [[Massachusetts General Hospital]] from 1962 until 1972. |
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== Biography == |
== Biography == |
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=== Early life and education === |
=== Early life and education === |
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Knowles was born on May 23, 1926, in [[Chicago]] to [[James Knowles (aviator)|James Knowles]] (1896–1971), who was a [[flying ace]] in [[World War I]] and served as [[vice president]] of the [[Rexall|Rexall Drug Company]], and Jean Laurence Turnbull (1894–1982), an artist. Knowles grew up in [[Normandy, Missouri|Normandy]], but when he was twelve he and his family moved to [[Belmont, Massachusetts|Belmont]] where he would attend [[Belmont High School (Massachusetts)|Belmont High School]]. After graduating from high school, Knowles would enroll at [[Harvard College]] where he majored in [[biochemistry]]. Along with his classmate [[Jack Lemmon]], he would play piano on the [[WHRB|Harvard radio station]]. He graduated in 1947 completing his [[Bachelor of Arts]].<ref name="ANB">{{cite journal |last1=Mieczkowski|first1=Yanek |title=Knowles, John Hilton |journal=[[American National Biography]] |date=1999 |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1002084}}</ref> After being rejected by eleven medical schools, including the [[Harvard Medical School]], he would enroll at the [[Washington University School of Medicine]] where he would be elected into the [[honor society]] [[Alpha Omega Alpha]] and graduated [[cum laude]] as [[Doctor of Medicine]].<ref name="ANB"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Altman |first1=Lawrence K. |title=John H. Knowles, Leading Medical Figure, Dies at 52 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/07/archives/john-h-knowles-leading-medical-figure-dies-at-52-individual-can.html |access-date=January 30, 2022 |agency=[[The New York Times Company]] | |
Knowles was born on May 23, 1926, in [[Chicago]] to [[James Knowles (aviator)|James Knowles]] (1896–1971), who was a [[flying ace]] in [[World War I]] and served as [[vice president]] of the [[Rexall|Rexall Drug Company]], and Jean Laurence Turnbull (1894–1982), an artist. Knowles grew up in [[Normandy, Missouri|Normandy]], but when he was twelve he and his family moved to [[Belmont, Massachusetts|Belmont]] where he would attend [[Belmont High School (Massachusetts)|Belmont High School]]. After graduating from high school, Knowles would enroll at [[Harvard College]] where he majored in [[biochemistry]]. Along with his classmate [[Jack Lemmon]], he would play piano on the [[WHRB|Harvard radio station]]. He graduated in 1947 completing his [[Bachelor of Arts]].<ref name="ANB">{{cite journal |last1=Mieczkowski|first1=Yanek |title=Knowles, John Hilton |journal=[[American National Biography]] |date=1999 |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1002084}}</ref> After being rejected by eleven medical schools, including the [[Harvard Medical School]], he would enroll at the [[Washington University School of Medicine]] where he would be elected into the [[honor society]] [[Alpha Omega Alpha]] and graduated [[cum laude]] as [[Doctor of Medicine]].<ref name="ANB"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Altman |first1=Lawrence K. |title=John H. Knowles, Leading Medical Figure, Dies at 52 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/07/archives/john-h-knowles-leading-medical-figure-dies-at-52-individual-can.html |access-date=January 30, 2022 |agency=[[The New York Times Company]] |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 7, 1979}}</ref> |
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Knowles would start his [[Internship (medicine)|medical internship]] at the [[Massachusetts General Hospital]] where he would meet Edith Morris LaCroix, a [[cytotechnologist]], whom he would marry in 1953 and have six children with.<ref name="ANB"/> From 1953 to 1955, Knowles would serve as lieutenant at the [[Naval Medical Center Portsmouth]], where he would be in charge of the cardiopulmonary laboratory. From 1956 to 1957, he studied [[physiology]] at the [[University of Rochester Medical Center]] and [[University at Buffalo]]. He would also become a part of the [[Academic personnel|faculty]] at the [[Harvard Medical School]] where he would later in 1969 become a [[Clinical professor|professor of medicine]].<ref>{{cite news |title=John Hilton Knowles |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/03/09/john-hilton-knowles/0977e0b9-232e-4919-96ee-77cde0553e39/ |access-date=January 30, 2022 |agency=[[Jeff Bezos#The Washington Post|Nash Holdings]] | |
Knowles would start his [[Internship (medicine)|medical internship]] at the [[Massachusetts General Hospital]] where he would meet Edith Morris LaCroix, a [[cytotechnologist]], whom he would marry in 1953 and have six children with.<ref name="ANB"/> From 1953 to 1955, Knowles would serve as lieutenant at the [[Naval Medical Center Portsmouth]], where he would be in charge of the cardiopulmonary laboratory. From 1956 to 1957, he studied [[physiology]] at the [[University of Rochester Medical Center]] and [[University at Buffalo]]. He would also become a part of the [[Academic personnel|faculty]] at the [[Harvard Medical School]] where he would later in 1969 become a [[Clinical professor|professor of medicine]].<ref>{{cite news |title=John Hilton Knowles |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/03/09/john-hilton-knowles/0977e0b9-232e-4919-96ee-77cde0553e39/ |access-date=January 30, 2022 |agency=[[Jeff Bezos#The Washington Post|Nash Holdings]] |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=March 9, 1979}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=John H. Knowles papers |url=https://dimes.rockarch.org/collections/76ZBLLaofB53A2qRdw4n4s?limit=40 |website=[[Rockefeller Archive Center]] |access-date=January 30, 2022}}</ref> |
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=== Massachusetts General Hospital === |
=== Massachusetts General Hospital === |
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In 1962 he became the general director of the [[Massachusetts General Hospital]]. One of the first things he did as general director was replacing wooden benches with comfortable chairs and also introduced nine [[coronary care units]]. He would also assign psychiatrists at schools, courts and social agencies including opening a medical station at the [[Logan International Airport]] for airport employees and passengers.<ref name="ANB"/> |
In 1962 he became the general director of the [[Massachusetts General Hospital]]. One of the first things he did as general director was replacing wooden benches with comfortable chairs and also introduced nine [[coronary care units]]. He would also assign psychiatrists at schools, courts and social agencies including opening a medical station at the [[Logan International Airport]] for airport employees and passengers.<ref name="ANB"/> |
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For five months in 1969 the [[Nixon administration]] unsuccessfully tried to elect Knowles into the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services#Department of Health, Education, and Welfare|Department of Health, Education, and Welfare]] and aroused opposition from the [[American Medical Association]] and from [[Senate Minority Leader]] [[Everett Dirksen]], it was known as "the Knowles affair" by the media.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kotlowski |first1=Dean J. |title=The Knowles Affair: Nixon's Self-Inflicted Wound |journal=[[Presidential Studies Quarterly]] |date=September 2000 |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=443–463 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27552116 |access-date=January 30, 2022}}</ref> |
For five months in 1969 the [[Nixon administration]] unsuccessfully tried to elect Knowles into the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services#Department of Health, Education, and Welfare|Department of Health, Education, and Welfare]] and aroused opposition from the [[American Medical Association]] and from [[Senate Minority Leader]] [[Everett Dirksen]], it was known as "the Knowles affair" by the media.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kotlowski |first1=Dean J. |title=The Knowles Affair: Nixon's Self-Inflicted Wound |journal=[[Presidential Studies Quarterly]] |date=September 2000 |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=443–463 |doi=10.1111/j.0360-4918.2000.00123.x |jstor=27552116 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27552116 |access-date=January 30, 2022}}</ref> |
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=== Rockefeller Foundation === |
=== Rockefeller Foundation === |
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=== Later life and death === |
=== Later life and death === |
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In December 1978, it was revealed that Knowles had developed a tumor in his pancreas. Knowles remained president and professor until his death on March 6, 1979, due to [[pancreatic cancer]]. He was honored at the [[Memorial Church of Harvard University]] by friends and family, including [[Jack Lemmon]], and was [[eulogized]] by [[Theodore Hesburgh]], Mary MacDonald, Richard Sears Humphrey and his eldest son John Hilton Jr., he was later buried at the [[Forest Hills Cemetery]].<ref>{{cite |
In December 1978, it was revealed that Knowles had developed a tumor in his pancreas. Knowles remained president and professor until his death on March 6, 1979, due to [[pancreatic cancer]]. He was honored at the [[Memorial Church of Harvard University]] by friends and family, including [[Jack Lemmon]], and was [[eulogized]] by [[Theodore Hesburgh]], Mary MacDonald, Richard Sears Humphrey and his eldest son John Hilton Jr., he was later buried at the [[Forest Hills Cemetery]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Glaser |first1=Robert J. |title=John H. Knowles |journal=Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association |year=1981 |volume=92 |pages=liii-lvi |pmc=2279517 }}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Knowles, John Hilton}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Knowles, John Hilton}} |
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[[Category:1979 deaths]] |
[[Category:1979 deaths]] |
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[[Category:American physicians]] |
[[Category:American physicians]] |
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[[Category:Deaths from pancreatic cancer]] |
[[Category:Deaths from pancreatic cancer in Massachusetts]] |
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[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] |
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] |
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[[Category:Washington University School of Medicine alumni]] |
[[Category:Washington University School of Medicine alumni]] |
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Latest revision as of 01:40, 14 March 2024
John Hilton Knowles | |
|---|---|
| Born | May 23, 1926 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | March 6, 1979 (aged 52) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Harvard College (AB) Washington University School of Medicine (MD) University of Rochester Medical Center University at Buffalo |
| Known for | 9th president of the Rockefeller Foundation |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Cardiovascular physiology |
John Hilton Knowles (May 23, 1926 – March 6, 1979) was an American cardiopulmonary physiologist and physician who was most notable for being the eighth president of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1972 until his death from pancreatic cancer in 1979, and general director of the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1962 until 1972.
Biography
[edit]Early life and education
[edit]Knowles was born on May 23, 1926, in Chicago to James Knowles (1896–1971), who was a flying ace in World War I and served as vice president of the Rexall Drug Company, and Jean Laurence Turnbull (1894–1982), an artist. Knowles grew up in Normandy, but when he was twelve he and his family moved to Belmont where he would attend Belmont High School. After graduating from high school, Knowles would enroll at Harvard College where he majored in biochemistry. Along with his classmate Jack Lemmon, he would play piano on the Harvard radio station. He graduated in 1947 completing his Bachelor of Arts.[1] After being rejected by eleven medical schools, including the Harvard Medical School, he would enroll at the Washington University School of Medicine where he would be elected into the honor society Alpha Omega Alpha and graduated cum laude as Doctor of Medicine.[1][2]
Knowles would start his medical internship at the Massachusetts General Hospital where he would meet Edith Morris LaCroix, a cytotechnologist, whom he would marry in 1953 and have six children with.[1] From 1953 to 1955, Knowles would serve as lieutenant at the Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, where he would be in charge of the cardiopulmonary laboratory. From 1956 to 1957, he studied physiology at the University of Rochester Medical Center and University at Buffalo. He would also become a part of the faculty at the Harvard Medical School where he would later in 1969 become a professor of medicine.[3][4]
Massachusetts General Hospital
[edit]In 1962 he became the general director of the Massachusetts General Hospital. One of the first things he did as general director was replacing wooden benches with comfortable chairs and also introduced nine coronary care units. He would also assign psychiatrists at schools, courts and social agencies including opening a medical station at the Logan International Airport for airport employees and passengers.[1]
For five months in 1969 the Nixon administration unsuccessfully tried to elect Knowles into the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and aroused opposition from the American Medical Association and from Senate Minority Leader Everett Dirksen, it was known as "the Knowles affair" by the media.[5]
Rockefeller Foundation
[edit]In 1972, Knowles became the 9th president of the Rockefeller Foundation and in this position he established the International Agricultural Development Service. While president, he became a professor of medicine at the New York University Medical Center.[1]
Later life and death
[edit]In December 1978, it was revealed that Knowles had developed a tumor in his pancreas. Knowles remained president and professor until his death on March 6, 1979, due to pancreatic cancer. He was honored at the Memorial Church of Harvard University by friends and family, including Jack Lemmon, and was eulogized by Theodore Hesburgh, Mary MacDonald, Richard Sears Humphrey and his eldest son John Hilton Jr., he was later buried at the Forest Hills Cemetery.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Mieczkowski, Yanek (1999). "Knowles, John Hilton". American National Biography. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1002084.
- ^ Altman, Lawrence K. (March 7, 1979). "John H. Knowles, Leading Medical Figure, Dies at 52". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
- ^ "John Hilton Knowles". The Washington Post. Nash Holdings. March 9, 1979. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
- ^ "John H. Knowles papers". Rockefeller Archive Center. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
- ^ Kotlowski, Dean J. (September 2000). "The Knowles Affair: Nixon's Self-Inflicted Wound". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 30 (3): 443–463. doi:10.1111/j.0360-4918.2000.00123.x. JSTOR 27552116. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
- ^ Glaser, Robert J. (1981). "John H. Knowles". Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association. 92: liii–lvi. PMC 2279517.
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