French curve: Difference between revisions

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A set of the three most common French curves, also known as a Burmester set. The bottom object is most commonly used for hyperbolas; the smaller one above it is suited for ellipses. The large one is used mostly for parabolas.^[1]

A French curve is a template usually made from metal, wood or plastic composed of many different curved segments. It is used in manual drafting and in fashion design to draw smooth curves of varying radii. The curve is placed on the drawing material, and a pencil, knife or other implement is traced around its curves to produce the desired result. They were invented by the German mathematician Ludwig Burmester and are also known as Burmester (curve) set.

Clothing design

A complete Burmester set from the *Lexikon der gesamten Technik* (1904)

French curves are used in fashion design and sewing alongside hip curves, straight edges and right-angle rulers. Commercial clothing patterns can be personalized for fit by using French curves to draw neckline, sleeve, bust and waist variations.

References

^ "Drawing tools – French curves".

External links

Weisstein, Eric W. French Curve from MathWorld.
Use of the French Curve from Integrated Publishing.

[1] "Drawing tools – French curves".

[1]

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+{{Short description|Template made from metal, wood or plastic composed of segments of smooth curves}}
-A '''French curve''' is a template made out of [[metal]], [[wood]] or [[plastic]] composed of many different [[curve]]s. It is used in manual drafting to draw smooth curves of varying radii. The shapes are segments of the [[Euler spiral]] or clothoid curve. The curve is placed on the drawing material, and a [[pencil]], [[knife]] or other implement is traced around its curves to produce the desired result.
+{{Multiple issues|
+{{More citations needed|date=November 2023}}
+{{One source|date=November 2023}}
+}}
+[[File:Krzywiki.jpg|thumb|A set of the three most common French curves, also known as a [[Ludwig Burmester|Burmester]] set. The bottom object is most commonly used for [[hyperbolas]]; the smaller one above it is suited for [[ellipse]]s. The large one is used mostly for [[parabolas]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.daube.ch/docu/glossary/drawingtools.html#french_curves | title = Drawing tools – French curves}}</ref>]]
+A '''French curve''' is a template usually made from [[metal]], [[wood]] or [[plastic]] composed of many different curved segments. It is used in manual [[Technical drawing|drafting]] and in [[fashion design]] to draw smooth curves of varying radii.  The curve is placed on the drawing material, and a [[pencil]], [[knife]] or other implement is traced around its curves to produce the desired result. They were invented by the German mathematician [[Ludwig Burmester]] and are also known as Burmester (curve) set.
-== Modern successors ==
-Modern computer-aided drafting ([[CAD]]) systems use vector-based graphics to achieve a precise [[radius]], so no template is required.  Digital computers can also be used to generate a set of coordinates that accurately describe an arbitrary curve, and the points can be connected with line segments to approximate the curve with a high degree of accuracy.  Some computer graphic systems make use of [[Bézier curve]]s, which allow a curve to be bent in real time on a display screen to follow a set of coordinates, much in the way a French curve would be placed on a set of three or four points on paper.
+== Clothing design ==
-<gallery>
-File:Krzywiki.jpg|French curves.
-File:L-Zeichnen2.png|A complete [[Ludwig Burmester|Burmester]] set from the [[Lexikon der gesamten Technik]] (1904).
+[[File:L-Zeichnen2.png|thumb|A complete [[Ludwig Burmester|Burmester]] set from the ''[[Lexikon der gesamten Technik]]'' (1904)]]
+French curves are used in [[fashion design]] and [[sewing]] alongside [[hip curves]], [[straightedge|straight edges]] and [[square (tool)|right-angle ruler]]s. [[Pattern (sewing)|Commercial clothing patterns]] can be personalized for fit by using French curves to draw neckline, sleeve, bust and waist variations.
-File:Curve stencils.jpg|This set of the three most common French curves is also known as a [[Ludwig Burmester|Burmester]] set. The one on the far left side is most commonly used for [[hyperbolas]]; the smaller one on the far right side is suited for [[ellipse]]s. The large one below is used most for [[parabolas]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.daube.ch/docu/glossary/drawingtools.html#french_curves | title = Drawing tools – French curves}}</ref>
-</gallery>
 ==See also==
+*{{annotated link|Flat spline}}
-*[[Technical drawing tools]]
+*{{annotated link|Lesbian rule}}
+*{{annotated link|Ruler}}
+*{{annotated link|Technical drawing tool}}
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
 ==External links==
-*  Weisstein, Eric W. ''[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/FrenchCurve.html French Curve]'' from MathWorld.
+* Weisstein, Eric W. ''[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/FrenchCurve.html French Curve]'' from MathWorld.
-*  ''[http://tpub.com/content/engineering/14069/css/14069_92.htm Use of the French Curve]'' from Integrated Publishing.
+* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20061129051244/http://www.tpub.com/content/engineering/14069/css/14069_92.htm Use of the French Curve]'' from Integrated Publishing.
+{{Measuring and alignment tools}}
+{{Authority control}}
-[[Category:Technical drawing]]
+[[Category:Technical drawing tools]]
 [[Category:Curves]]
 [[Category:Mathematical tools]]