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{{Short description|Species of bat}}
{{Short description|Species of bat}}
{{speciesbox
{{speciesbox
| image = Balantiopteryx io 59588355.jpg
| status = VU
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
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| range_map = Thomas's Sac-Winged Bat area.png
| range_map = Thomas's Sac-Winged Bat area.png
| range_map_caption = Thomas's sac-winged bat range
| range_map_caption = Thomas's sac-winged bat range
|status_ref=<ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Lim, B. |date=2015 |title=''Balantiopteryx io'' |volume=2015 |page=e.T2532A22030080 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T2532A22030080.en |access-date=17 November 2021}}</ref>
|status_ref=<ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Lim, B. |date=2015 |title=''Balantiopteryx io'' |volume=2015 |page=e.T2532A22030080 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T2532A22030080.en |access-date=17 November 2021}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''Thomas's sac-winged bat''' (''Balantiopteryx io'') is a species of [[sac-winged bat]] in the family [[Emballonuridae]].
'''Thomas's sac-winged bat''' ('''''Balantiopteryx io''''') is a species of [[sac-winged bat]] in the family [[Emballonuridae]].<ref>{{MSW3 Chiroptera | id = 13800968 | page = }}</ref> It is found in [[Belize]], [[Guatemala]], and [[Mexico]].<ref name=iucn/>


==Taxonomy==
It is found in [[Belize]], [[Guatemala]], and [[Mexico]].<ref>Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996.</ref><ref>Simmons 2005, p. 312-529</ref>
⚫
[[Oldfield Thomas]] named this bat in 1904.<ref name="Balantiopteryx">{{cite journal |last1=Thomas |first1=Oldfield |authorlink1=Oldfield Thomas |title=XXIX.—New forms of ''Saimiri'', ''Saccopteryx'', ''Balantiopteryx'', and ''Thrichomys'' from the Neotropical region |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |date=1904 |volume=13 |issue=76 |series=7 |pages=250–255 |doi=10.1080/00222930409487064 |language=en |issn=0374-5481 |oclc=4806270958|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1430023 }}</ref> It is presumed that he named it after the [[Io (mythology)|Io]] found in Greek mythology, who was cursed by Hera to be eternally chased, because bats seem to be “flighty.” <ref>{{cite book |last1=Beolens |first1=Bo |last2=Grayson |first2=Michael |last3=Watkins |first3=Michael |title=The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals |url=https://archive.org/details/eponymdictionary00beol |url-access=limited |date=2009 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore |doi=10.1353/book.3355 |isbn=9780801895333 |language=en |oclc=8160843969 |page = [https://archive.org/details/eponymdictionary00beol/page/n221 205]|s2cid=81786606 }}</ref> ''Balantiopteryx io'' is a sister species of ''[[Balantiopteryx infusca]]'' and has no recognised subspecies.<ref name=gardner>Gardner, Alfred L. ''Mammals of South America''. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2008, p. 194.</ref>

==General Information==
⚫
[[Oldfield Thomas]] named this bat in 1904.<ref name="Balantiopteryx">{{cite journal |last1=Thomas |first1=Oldfield |authorlink1=Oldfield Thomas |title=XXIX.—New forms of ''Saimiri'', ''Saccopteryx'', ''Balantiopteryx'', and ''Thrichomys'' from the Neotropical region |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |date=1904 |volume=13 |issue=76 |series=7 |pages=250–255 |doi=10.1080/00222930409487064 |language=en |issn=0374-5481 |oclc=4806270958|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1430023 }}</ref> It is presumed that he named it after the [[Io (mythology)|Io]] found in Greek mythology, who was cursed by Hera to be eternally chased, because bats seem to be “flighty.” <ref>{{cite book |last1=Beolens |first1=Bo |last2=Grayson |first2=Michael |last3=Watkins |first3=Michael |title=The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals |url=https://archive.org/details/eponymdictionary00beol |url-access=limited |date=2009 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore |doi=10.1353/book.3355 |isbn=9780801895333 |language=en |oclc=8160843969 |page = [https://archive.org/details/eponymdictionary00beol/page/n221 205]}}</ref>
⚫
The bat is considered “vulnerable” according to the IUCN redlist, and the population is decreasing.<ref>Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008</ref> This assumption that the population is decreasing comes from the evidence of habitat destruction, and it has been estimated that about 30% of the bats’ natural habitat has been destroyed by human causes: vandalism, fires in caves, and tourism.<ref>Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008</ref>
''Balantiopteryx io'' is a sister species of ''[[Balantiopteryx infusca]]''.<ref>Gardner 2008, p. 194.</ref>
There are no subspecies for ''Balantiopteryx io.'' <ref>Gardner 2008, p. 194.</ref>


==Appearance==
==Appearance==
It is the smallest species when compared to others in the genus ''Balantiopteryx,'' and lacks the white trim that is characteristic of ''[[Balantiopteryx plicata]]''.<ref>Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 1.</ref>
It is the smallest species when compared to others in the genus ''Balantiopteryx,'' and lacks the white trim that is characteristic of ''[[Balantiopteryx plicata]]''. The males weigh about 3.7 g, while the females weigh about 5 g.<ref name=Arroyo1988>{{cite journal |last1= Arroyo-Cabrales |first1= Joaquin |last2= Knox Jones |first2= J. |date= 1988 |title= ''Balantiopteryx io'' and ''infusca'' |journal= Mammalian Species |volume= 313 |pages= 1–3 |doi= 10.2307/3504205|jstor= 3504205 |doi-access= free }}</ref>
The males weigh about 3.7 g, while the females weigh about 5 g.<ref>Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 1.</ref>


==Biology and behavior==
==Reproduction==
There is not much data available for this species’ courting rituals, but what is known is that the female usually has one fetus, and the pregnant females can be found in March, April, May, and June.<ref>Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 2.</ref>
Thomas's sac-winged bat prefers to live in caves near the entrance, but there have been instances where they have been found deeper in the caves where it is darker.<ref name=Arroyo1988/> It has also been found in railroad tunnels.<ref name=gardner/> It likes to stay about nine inches or more away from the others when hanging on the ceiling.<ref name=Arroyo1988/> Groups of fifty or more of these bats can be found in a colony.<ref name=Lim2008>Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008{{full|date=November 2022}}</ref> It feeds on insects after sunset, so observing the bats is difficult.<ref name=Lim2008/><ref>Nowak, Ronald M. ''Walker's Bats of the World''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1994, p. 96</ref> There is not much data available for this species’ courting rituals, but what is known is that the female usually has one fetus, and the pregnant females can be found in March, April, May, and June.<ref name=Arroyo1988/>


==Habits==
==Conservation==
⚫
The bat is considered “vulnerable” according to the IUCN redlist, and the population is decreasing.<ref name=Lim2008/> This assumption comes from the evidence of [[habitat destruction]], and it has been estimated that about 30% of the bats’ natural habitat has been destroyed by human causes such as vandalism, fires in caves, and tourism.<ref name=Lim2008/>
This bat prefers to live in caves near the entrance with some light, but there have been instances where they have been found deeper in the caves where it is darker.<ref>Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 2.</ref> It has also been found in railroad tunnels.<ref>Gardner 2008, p. 194</ref> It likes to stay about nine inches or more away from the others when hanging on the ceiling.<ref>Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones 1988, p. 2.</ref> Groups of fifty or more of these bats can be found in the colony.<ref>Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008</ref>
It feeds after sunset, so observing the bats is difficult.<ref>Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008</ref>
These bats are insectivores.<ref>Nowak 1994, p. 96</ref>


==Notes==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin, and J. Knox Jones, Jr. "''Balantiopteryx io'' and ''infusca''." ''Mammalian Species'' 313 (1988): 1-3. <https://web.archive.org/web/20151019024828/http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-313-01-0001.pdf>.
* Gardner, Alfred L. ''Mammals of South America''. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2008. Print.
* Nowak, Ronald M. ''Walker's Bats of the World''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1994. Print.
* {{MSW3 Chiroptera | id = 13800968 | page = }}


{{Emballonuridae}}
{{Emballonuridae}}

Latest revision as of 21:23, 16 March 2024

Thomas's sac-winged bat
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Emballonuridae
Genus: Balantiopteryx
Species:
B. io
Binomial name
Balantiopteryx io
Thomas, 1904
Thomas's sac-winged bat range

Thomas's sac-winged bat (Balantiopteryx io) is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae.[2] It is found in Belize, Guatemala, and Mexico.[1]

Taxonomy

[edit]

Oldfield Thomas named this bat in 1904.[3] It is presumed that he named it after the Io found in Greek mythology, who was cursed by Hera to be eternally chased, because bats seem to be “flighty.” [4] Balantiopteryx io is a sister species of Balantiopteryx infusca and has no recognised subspecies.[5]

Appearance

[edit]

It is the smallest species when compared to others in the genus Balantiopteryx, and lacks the white trim that is characteristic of Balantiopteryx plicata. The males weigh about 3.7 g, while the females weigh about 5 g.[6]

Biology and behavior

[edit]

Thomas's sac-winged bat prefers to live in caves near the entrance, but there have been instances where they have been found deeper in the caves where it is darker.[6] It has also been found in railroad tunnels.[5] It likes to stay about nine inches or more away from the others when hanging on the ceiling.[6] Groups of fifty or more of these bats can be found in a colony.[7] It feeds on insects after sunset, so observing the bats is difficult.[7][8] There is not much data available for this species’ courting rituals, but what is known is that the female usually has one fetus, and the pregnant females can be found in March, April, May, and June.[6]

Conservation

[edit]

The bat is considered “vulnerable” according to the IUCN redlist, and the population is decreasing.[7] This assumption comes from the evidence of habitat destruction, and it has been estimated that about 30% of the bats’ natural habitat has been destroyed by human causes such as vandalism, fires in caves, and tourism.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Lim, B. (2015). "Balantiopteryx io". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T2532A22030080. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T2532A22030080.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Order Chiroptera". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 312–529. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. ^ Thomas, Oldfield (1904). "XXIX.—New forms of Saimiri, Saccopteryx, Balantiopteryx, and Thrichomys from the Neotropical region". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 7. 13 (76): 250–255. doi:10.1080/00222930409487064. ISSN 0374-5481. OCLC 4806270958.
  4. ^ Beolens, Bo; Grayson, Michael; Watkins, Michael (2009). The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 205. doi:10.1353/book.3355. ISBN 9780801895333. OCLC 8160843969. S2CID 81786606.
  5. ^ a b Gardner, Alfred L. Mammals of South America. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2008, p. 194.
  6. ^ a b c d Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin; Knox Jones, J. (1988). "Balantiopteryx io and infusca". Mammalian Species. 313: 1–3. doi:10.2307/3504205. JSTOR 3504205.
  7. ^ a b c d Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008[full citation needed]
  8. ^ Nowak, Ronald M. Walker's Bats of the World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1994, p. 96
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