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{{Short description|1876 speech by Victor Hugo in support of Serbia}} |
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{{Use British English|date=January 2020}} |
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[[File:Le Rappel Pour la Serbie par Victor Hugo 1876.jpg|thumb|Front page cover of the newspaper Le Rappel of 30 August 1876, with the text {{Lang|fr|Pour la Serbie}}, written by [[Victor Hugo]] about the massacres committed against the Serbs.]] |
[[File:Le Rappel Pour la Serbie par Victor Hugo 1876.jpg|thumb|Front page cover of the newspaper Le Rappel of 30 August 1876, with the text {{Lang|fr|Pour la Serbie}}, written by [[Victor Hugo]] about the massacres committed against the Serbs.]] |
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"'''Pour la Serbie'''" (For Serbia) is a speech written by [[Victor Hugo]], on 29 August 1876, castigating massacres perpetrated by the Turks. It was published in the French newspaper [[Le Rappel]], later included in the last volume of [[Actes et Paroles]], Hugo's collected political writings, entitled {{Lang|fr|Depuis l'exil}}.<ref name="Stephens2019">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=laCKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA213|title=Victor Hugo|author=Bradley Stephens|publisher=Reaktion Books|year=2019|isbn=978-1-78914-111-5|page=213}}</ref> |
"'''Pour la Serbie'''" (For Serbia) is the title of a speech written by [[Victor Hugo]], on 29 August 1876, castigating massacres perpetrated by the Turks in Serbia. It was first published as an open letter in the French newspaper [[Le Rappel]], later included in the last volume of [[Actes et Paroles]], Hugo's collected political writings, entitled {{Lang|fr|Depuis l'exil}}.<ref name="Stephens2019">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=laCKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA213|title=Victor Hugo|author=Bradley Stephens|publisher=Reaktion Books|year=2019|isbn=978-1-78914-111-5|page=213}}</ref> |
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==Content== |
==Content== |
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During 1876, the Ottoman harsh suppression of the uprisings of Balkan Christians, specifically, the [[Batak massacre|atrocities]] in Bulgaria, had been witnessed by Western observers and fully reported in the European press with gruesome details.<ref>{{cite book|last=MacGahan|first= Januarius A.|title= Turkish Atrocities in Bulgaria, Letters of the Special Commissioner of the "Daily News,"|publisher=Bradbury Agnew and Co. |location= London |year= 1876|chapter= |url=https://archive.org/details/MacGahanTurkishAtrocitiesInBulgaria |
During 1876, the Ottoman harsh suppression of the uprisings of Balkan Christians, specifically, the [[Batak massacre|atrocities]] in Bulgaria, had been witnessed by Western observers and fully reported in the European press with gruesome details.<ref>{{cite book|last=MacGahan|first= Januarius A.|title= Turkish Atrocities in Bulgaria, Letters of the Special Commissioner of the "Daily News,"|publisher=Bradbury Agnew and Co. |location= London |year= 1876|chapter= |url=https://archive.org/details/MacGahanTurkishAtrocitiesInBulgaria }}</ref> The Turks had very few regular troops and therefore used irregular [[Bashi-bazouk]]s who used methods of the utmost violence. When the full extent of the massacres became known, a very strong public reaction against the Ottoman Empire occurred.<ref name="Jelavich1983">{{cite book|author=Barbara Jelavich|title=History of the Balkans|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qR4EeOrTm-0C|year=1983|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-27458-6|page=354}}</ref> In this text, Hugo delivers a plea protesting against the impassivity of European governments, in particular in the face of the massacre committed by the Turks in [[Serbian-Turkish Wars (1876–1878)|Serbia]].<ref name="Stein2007">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JxcbAQAAIAAJ|title=Victor Hugo orateur politique, 1846-1880|author=Marieke Stein|publisher=Champion|year=2007|isbn=978-2-7453-1448-2|language=French}}</ref> |
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{{Quote|text=Here is a fact: a nation is being murdered. Where? In Europe. Are there any witnesses? One witness, the whole world. Do governments see it? No.|author=|title=|source=}} |
{{Quote|text=Here is a fact: a nation is being murdered. Where? In Europe. Are there any witnesses? One witness, the whole world. Do governments see it? No.|author=|title=|source=}} |
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Hugo's eloquent appeal is calling European governments to take action, and people to raise their voices in universal indignation. This speech is considered as one of the founding acts of the European idea.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.senat.fr/evenement/archives/D24/etats.html|title=Bicentenaire de Victor Hugo (1802-2002) |
Hugo's eloquent appeal is calling European governments to take action, and people to raise their voices in universal indignation. This speech is considered as one of the founding acts of the European idea.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.senat.fr/evenement/archives/D24/etats.html|title=Bicentenaire de Victor Hugo (1802-2002) - Sénat, French Government|website=www.senat.fr}}</ref><ref name="Chaltiel2006">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dtmhJ5XNi-cC&pg=PA25|title=Naissance du peuple européen|author=Florence Chaltiel|publisher=Odile Jacob|year=2006|isbn=978-2-7381-1843-1|page=25|language=French}}</ref> |
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{{Quote|text=What is happening in Serbia demonstrates the necessity for |
{{Quote|text=What is happening in Serbia demonstrates the necessity for the United States of Europe. May disunited governments be succeeded by united peoples. Let us be finished with murderous empires. Let us muzzle fanaticisms and despotisms. . . No more wars, no more massacres, no more carnage; free-thought; free trade; fraternity...What the atrocities of Serbia place beyond doubt is that Europe needs a European nationality, a single government, an immense fraternal arbitration, democracy at peace with itself... In a word, a United States of Europe. There lies the goal, the haven.|author=Victor Hugo|title=Pour la Serbie (1876)|source=<ref name="KritzmanReilly2007">{{cite book|author=Lawrence D. Kritzman|title=The Columbia History of Twentieth-century French Thought|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bREQibN9i-sC&pg=PA231|year=2007|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-10790-7|page=231}}</ref>}} |
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==See also== |
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* [[Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)]] |
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* [[Le Rappel]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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*{{cite book |
* {{cite book|author=Victor Hugo|title=Actes et Paroles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iI2ZDwAAQBAJ|year=2018|publisher=Seltzer Books|isbn=978-1-4553-4287-7}} |
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*{{cite book |
* {{cite book|author=Graham Robb|title=Victor Hugo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kU9LloPylhQC|year=1999|publisher=W.W. Norton & Company|isbn=978-0-393-31899-9}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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[[Category:Works by Victor Hugo]] |
[[Category:Works by Victor Hugo]] |
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[[Category:1870s speeches]] |
[[Category:1870s speeches]] |
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[[Category:1876 works]] |
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[[Category:1876 in politics]] |
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[[Category:August 1876 events]] |
[[Category:August 1876 events]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)]] |
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[[Category:1876 in the Ottoman Empire]] |
[[Category:1876 in the Ottoman Empire]] |
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Latest revision as of 19:59, 17 March 2024
"Pour la Serbie" (For Serbia) is the title of a speech written by Victor Hugo, on 29 August 1876, castigating massacres perpetrated by the Turks in Serbia. It was first published as an open letter in the French newspaper Le Rappel, later included in the last volume of Actes et Paroles, Hugo's collected political writings, entitled Depuis l'exil.[1]
Content
[edit]During 1876, the Ottoman harsh suppression of the uprisings of Balkan Christians, specifically, the atrocities in Bulgaria, had been witnessed by Western observers and fully reported in the European press with gruesome details.[2] The Turks had very few regular troops and therefore used irregular Bashi-bazouks who used methods of the utmost violence. When the full extent of the massacres became known, a very strong public reaction against the Ottoman Empire occurred.[3] In this text, Hugo delivers a plea protesting against the impassivity of European governments, in particular in the face of the massacre committed by the Turks in Serbia.[4]
Here is a fact: a nation is being murdered. Where? In Europe. Are there any witnesses? One witness, the whole world. Do governments see it? No.
Hugo's eloquent appeal is calling European governments to take action, and people to raise their voices in universal indignation. This speech is considered as one of the founding acts of the European idea.[5][6]
What is happening in Serbia demonstrates the necessity for the United States of Europe. May disunited governments be succeeded by united peoples. Let us be finished with murderous empires. Let us muzzle fanaticisms and despotisms. . . No more wars, no more massacres, no more carnage; free-thought; free trade; fraternity...What the atrocities of Serbia place beyond doubt is that Europe needs a European nationality, a single government, an immense fraternal arbitration, democracy at peace with itself... In a word, a United States of Europe. There lies the goal, the haven.
— Victor Hugo, Pour la Serbie (1876), [7]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Bradley Stephens (2019). Victor Hugo. Reaktion Books. p. 213. ISBN 978-1-78914-111-5.
- ^ MacGahan, Januarius A. (1876). Turkish Atrocities in Bulgaria, Letters of the Special Commissioner of the "Daily News,". London: Bradbury Agnew and Co.
- ^ Barbara Jelavich (1983). History of the Balkans. Cambridge University Press. p. 354. ISBN 978-0-521-27458-6.
- ^ Marieke Stein (2007). Victor Hugo orateur politique, 1846-1880 (in French). Champion. ISBN 978-2-7453-1448-2.
- ^ "Bicentenaire de Victor Hugo (1802-2002) - Sénat, French Government". www.senat.fr.
- ^ Florence Chaltiel (2006). Naissance du peuple européen (in French). Odile Jacob. p. 25. ISBN 978-2-7381-1843-1.
- ^ Lawrence D. Kritzman (2007). The Columbia History of Twentieth-century French Thought. Columbia University Press. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-231-10790-7.
Further reading
[edit]- Victor Hugo (2018). Actes et Paroles. Seltzer Books. ISBN 978-1-4553-4287-7.
- Graham Robb (1999). Victor Hugo. W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-31899-9.
External links
[edit]
French Wikisource has original text related to this article:
- For the speech in full, see: Pour la Serbie (in French), Za Srbiju (in Serbian).