Woggabaliri: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Latest revision as of 03:14, 19 March 2024

Woggabaliri is a traditional Indigenous Australian co-operative kicking volley game. Described as a kicking game similar to soccer played in a group of four to six players in a circle, the game has been encouraged in schools in New South Wales and Queensland.

Origin

Ken Edwards research

In 1999 Australian author Ken Edwards, then Associate Professor in Sport, Health and Physical Education at the Queensland University of Technology, published a book Choopadoo: Games from the Dreamtime,^{[unreliable source?]} in which he makes mention of a game played by the Wiradjuri children near the Bogan River and Lachlan River.^{[citation needed]} Historian David Thompson while investigating Aboriginal games, alleges that Edwards simply coined the term using an existing Aboriginal word and attributed it to various observations across outback Victoria and New South Wales.^[1] Ken Edwards and Troy Meston stated that the word Woggabaliri comes from the Wiradjuri word for "play".^[2] However according to the official Wiradjuri dictionary (as researched by Dr Stan Grant and Dr John Rudder) the word for play is wagigi.^[3]^[4] Robert Hamilton Mathews, studying Aboriginal Australian languages, listed the word woggabaliri in 1901 as the Ngunnawal word for "play".^[5]

The Australian Sports Commission (ASC) in 2000 cited permission to "use and adapt" Edwards' Choopadoo book to publish a derivative titled Indigenous Traditional Games, listing it as one of 19 games complete with lists of rules. The ASC's John Evans copied the descriptions of the games verbatim from Edwards' book, though further modified Woggabaliri with additional rules to make it suitable for contemporary children to play.^[6]^{[better source needed]} Indigenous Traditional Games has subsequently been cited as a source for Woggabaliri by others, such as English-Australian fantasy author Malcom Walker.^[7]

Funding and grants based on Woggabaliri

In 2002 the ASC also funded the Laureus Sport for Good Foundation and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission to promote Woggabaliri to schools as part of the Indigenous Sports program (ISC).^[8]

FIFA World Cup bids

In 2007 Dr Patrick Greene, CEO of Museums Victoria, discovered Gustav Mützel's 1862 engravings of findings from the Blandowski expedition, including a depiction of Jarijari in 1857, observed at Mondellimin (now Merbein, Victoria). In the background of this engraving a child can be seen kicking the "ball" with others attempting to catch it, the caption translated from German reads "A group of children is playing with a ball. The ball is made out of typha roots (roots of the bulrush). It is not thrown or hit with a bat, but is kicked up in the air with a foot. The aim of the game - never let the ball touch the ground".^{[citation needed]}

In 2010 Football Federation Australia (FFA) in its Australian 2022 FIFA World Cup bid, connected the Australian Sports Commission's Edwards-based game to Mützel's image and cited the similarity to football (soccer) as evidence that football (soccer) had a history in Australia stretching back thousands of years. Rod Allen, FFA media relations was quoted "We'd hope a wider knowledge of Woggabaliri might encourage more indigenous kids to play football".^[9]

John Maynard research

Historian John Maynard, in his 2011 book The Aboriginal Soccer Tribe, reiterating the FFA's attribution of Mützel's image, proclaimed it as Australia's first football game, and strongly link it to the modern game of association football (soccer).^[10] The 2011 bestseller received a Deadly Award for Outstanding Achievement in Literature.^[11] Maynard's book and its reference to Woggabaliri was subsequently widely cited. A passionate soccer fan, following his Ph.D at the University of Newcastle in 2003, Maynard began studying Aboriginal involvement in 2004, writing in 2008 of the significant under-representation of Indigenous Australians in the "world game" in comparison to Australian football.^[12] Former soccer player Craig Foster in 2011 wrote an opinion piece supporting Maynard's theory connecting Woggabaliri with soccer.^[13]

Hoax claims

In 2010, Ian Syson of The Footy Almanac alleged that Woggabaliri was a hoax perpetrated by the Australian Sports Commission to further Australia's World Cup bid. He pointed out the similarity between the words "Woggabaliri" and "wogball", a derogatory Australian slang term for soccer, suggesting that the choice of name may be tongue-in-cheek.^[14]

Historian David Thompson is critical of Ken Edwards claim of the existence of Woggabaliri, having found no academic sources to support it.^[15]

Wiradjuri country (location of Woggabaliri account from Edwards 1999)

Ngunnawal country (source of word Woggabaliri according to Robert Hamilton Mathews 1901)

Jarijari country (Blandowski observation 1857)

Jardwadjali country (Marngrook documented)

New South Wales

Victoria

class=notpageimage|

Map showing the various locations and distances involved in Woggabaliri

Modern play

Basic rules

According to the NSW Office of Sport, it is a kicking game similar to soccer played in a group of four to six players in a circle 2 m (6 ft 7 in) apart and uses either a soccer ball, volleyball, or soft beach ball.^[16] It can be played by groups of four to six players standing in a circle using feet and knees only,^[17] in no set order but without consecutive touches, the players attempt to keep the ball from touching the ground. The group that has the most touches in a set time wins. If the ball touches the ground the count is restarted.^[18]^[19]

Team rules

Two teams of four play on a volleyball-court-sized pitch with football (soccer) goals at each end. A game consists of two halves lasting 10 minutes each. Players may use feet, knees, thighs, chest and head to keep the ball aloft with the team losing possession if the ball touches the ground, is intercepted or an infringement occurs. Tackling is not permitted, and goals can be scored from any part of the pitch.^[18]^[19]

References

^ "Marngrook and Aussie rules: The continuum of football in Australia". Sporting Traditions. 34 (2). Melbourne, Vic.: Australian Society for Sports History Publications: 98. November 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2023 – via Informit.
^ Edwards, Ken; Meston, Troy (2009). Yulunga: YulungaTraditional Indigenous Games Traditional Indigenous Games (PDF). Australian Sports Commission. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-74013-102-5.
^ Rudder & Grant 2005.
^ Rudder & Grant 2010.
^ "Full text of "The Wiradyuri and Other Languages of New South Wales"". web.archive.org. 3 April 2022. Archived from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
^ Acknowledgements - Indigenous Traditional Games Australian Sports Commission 2000
^ Walker, Malcolm (2017). The Birth of Football. Cork: BookBaby. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-4835-9565-8. OCLC 980789255.
^ "Sports legends visit city". Port Lincoln Times. South Australia. 3 January 2002. p. 1. Retrieved 22 March 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "The Australian Game - FFA highlights indigenous soccer ties", by Tim Hilferti. The Advertiser, 24 October 2010, p.79.
^ Maynard, John (2011). The Aboriginal soccer tribe : a history of aboriginal involvement with the world game (Library catalogue entry). Broome, W.A.: Magabala Books. ISBN 978-1-921248-39-9. OCLC 742574972.
^ Outstanding Achievement in Literature from Deadly Vibe August 30th, 2012.
^ Maynard, John (3 December 2008). "Football barriers – Aboriginal under-representation and disconnection from the 'world game'". Soccer & Society. 10 (1): 39–56. doi:10.1080/14660970802472650. eISSN 1743-9590. ISSN 1466-0970. S2CID 145363759.
^ Foster, Craig (22 October 2011). "Indigenous Australians put their foot down to fully embrace the world game". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
^ Syson, Ian. Woggabaliri 4 November 2010.
^ Thompson, David. "Margrook and Aussie Rules: The Continuum of Football in Australia". Sporting Traditions, 2017, 34 (2}, p. 98.
^ "Woggabaliri". NSW Government. Office of Sport (New South Wales). Retrieved 20 March 2023.
^ "Indigenous Australians put their foot down to fully embrace the world game". 3 February 2023. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Yulunga Traditional Indigenous Games" (PDF). 7 March 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Indigenous Traditional Games" (PDF). 9 May 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 24 February 2023.

Sources

Rudder, John; Grant, Stan (2005). A first Wiradjuri Dictionary: English to Wiradjuri and Categories. Restoration House. ISBN 978-0-869-42131-4.
Rudder, John; Grant, Stan (2010). A New Wiradjuri Dictionary. Restoration House. ISBN 978-0-869-42150-5.

[1] "Marngrook and Aussie rules: The continuum of football in Australia". Sporting Traditions. 34 (2). Melbourne, Vic.: Australian Society for Sports History Publications: 98. November 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2023 – via Informit.

[2] Edwards, Ken; Meston, Troy (2009). Yulunga: YulungaTraditional Indigenous Games Traditional Indigenous Games (PDF). Australian Sports Commission. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-74013-102-5.

[FOOTNOTERudderGrant2005-3] Rudder & Grant 2005.

[FOOTNOTERudderGrant2010-4] Rudder & Grant 2010.

[5] "Full text of "The Wiradyuri and Other Languages of New South Wales"". web.archive.org. 3 April 2022. Archived from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2023.

[acknowledgements-6] Acknowledgements - Indigenous Traditional Games Australian Sports Commission 2000

[Walker_2017_p.-7] Walker, Malcolm (2017). The Birth of Football. Cork: BookBaby. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-4835-9565-8. OCLC 980789255.

[8] "Sports legends visit city". Port Lincoln Times. South Australia. 3 January 2002. p. 1. Retrieved 22 March 2023 – via National Library of Australia.

[hilferty-9] "The Australian Game - FFA highlights indigenous soccer ties", by Tim Hilferti. The Advertiser, 24 October 2010, p.79.

[:0-10] Maynard, John (2011). The Aboriginal soccer tribe : a history of aboriginal involvement with the world game (Library catalogue entry). Broome, W.A.: Magabala Books. ISBN 978-1-921248-39-9. OCLC 742574972.

[11] Outstanding Achievement in Literature from Deadly Vibe August 30th, 2012.

[Maynard2008-12] Maynard, John (3 December 2008). "Football barriers – Aboriginal under-representation and disconnection from the 'world game'". Soccer & Society. 10 (1): 39–56. doi:10.1080/14660970802472650. eISSN 1743-9590. ISSN 1466-0970. S2CID 145363759.

[13] Foster, Craig (22 October 2011). "Indigenous Australians put their foot down to fully embrace the world game". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 30 May 2023.

[14] Syson, Ian. Woggabaliri 4 November 2010.

[15] Thompson, David. "Margrook and Aussie Rules: The Continuum of Football in Australia". Sporting Traditions, 2017, 34 (2}, p. 98.

[16] "Woggabaliri". NSW Government. Office of Sport (New South Wales). Retrieved 20 March 2023.

[17] "Indigenous Australians put their foot down to fully embrace the world game". 3 February 2023. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.

[:3-18] "Yulunga Traditional Indigenous Games" (PDF). 7 March 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2023.

[:4-19] "Indigenous Traditional Games" (PDF). 9 May 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 24 February 2023.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
 {{Use Australian English|date=February 2023}}
+'''Woggabaliri''' is a traditional [[Indigenous Australian]] co-operative kicking volley game. Described as a kicking game similar to [[soccer]] played in a group of four to six players in a circle, the game has been encouraged in schools in [[New South Wales]] and [[Queensland]].
-'''Woggabaliri''' is described by the [[Australian Sports Commission]] (ASC) as a traditional [[Indigenous Australian]] "co-operative kicking volley game".
+== Origin ==
-According to the ASC, New South Wales and Queensland governments who fund its promotion in schools, it is a kicking game similar to [[soccer]] played in a group of four to six players in a circle. Author Ken Edwards wrote in 1999 that [[Wiradjuri]] children around the [[Bogan River|Bogan]] and [[Lachlan River]]s in [[New South Wales]] originally played it<ref>{{Cite web |title=Woggabaliri|publisher=[[Office of Sport (New South Wales)]] |url=https://www.sport.nsw.gov.au/traditional-indigenous-games/woggabaliri |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=NSW Government |language=en-AU}}</ref> however the basis of this account has been challenged.
+=== Ken Edwards research ===
-== History ==
-[[Robert Hamilton Mathews]], studying [[Aboriginal Australian languages]], listed the word ''woggabaliri'' in 1901 as the [[Ngunnawal language|Ngunnawal word]] for "play".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-03 |title=Full text of "The Wiradyuri and Other Languages of New South Wales" |url=https://archive.org/stream/thewiradyuriando18978gut/18978.txt |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=web.archive.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403232246/https://archive.org/stream/thewiradyuriando18978gut/18978.txt |archive-date=3 April 2022 }}</ref>
+In 1999 Australian author Ken Edwards, then Associate Professor in Sport, Health and Physical Education at the [[Queensland University of Technology]], published a book ''Choopadoo: Games from the Dreamtime'',{{Unreliable source?|date=June 2023}} in which he makes mention of a game played by the [[Wiradjuri people|Wiradjuri]] children near the [[Bogan River]] and [[Lachlan River]].{{fact|date=June 2023}} Historian David Thompson while investigating Aboriginal games, alleges that Edwards simply coined the term using an existing Aboriginal word and attributed it to various observations across outback Victoria and New South Wales.<ref>{{cite journal |date=November 2017 |title=Marngrook and Aussie rules: The continuum of football in Australia |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.366037478402801 |journal=Sporting Traditions |publisher=Australian Society for Sports History Publications |volume=34 |issue=2 |page=98 |url-access=subscription |access-date=30 May 2023 |via=Informit |place=Melbourne, Vic.}}</ref> Ken Edwards and Troy Meston stated that the word Woggabaliri comes from the [[Wiradjuri language|Wiradjuri]] word for "play".<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Edwards |first1=Ken |url=https://research.usq.edu.au/download/fb026f6d0421d091234518ebcfdeadaf5035d0edbab86984ef1d90eb009d1564/8919377/Edwards_Yulungu2008_PV.pdf |title=Yulunga: YulungaTraditional Indigenous Games Traditional Indigenous Games |last2=Meston |first2=Troy |date=2009 |publisher=[[Australian Sports Commission]] |isbn=978-1-74013-102-5 |page=36}}</ref> However according to the official Wiradjuri dictionary (as researched by [[Stan Grant (Wiradjuri elder)|Dr Stan Grant]] and [[John Rudder|Dr John Rudder]]) the word for play is ''wagigi''.{{sfn|Rudder|Grant|2005}}{{sfn|Rudder|Grant|2010}} [[Robert Hamilton Mathews]], studying [[Aboriginal Australian languages]], listed the word ''woggabaliri'' in 1901 as the [[Ngunnawal language|Ngunnawal word]] for "play".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-03 |title=Full text of "The Wiradyuri and Other Languages of New South Wales" |url=https://archive.org/stream/thewiradyuriando18978gut/18978.txt |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=web.archive.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403232246/https://archive.org/stream/thewiradyuriando18978gut/18978.txt |archive-date=3 April 2022 }}</ref>
-=== Ken Edwards Research: 1999 ===
-In 1999 Australian author Ken Edwards, Associate Professor in Sport, Health and Physical Education at the [[Queensland University of Technology]], published a book ''Choopadoo : Games from the Dreamtime'', in which he makes mention of a game played by the [[Wiradjuri people|Wiradjuri]] children near the [[Bogan River]] and [[Lachlan River]]. Edwards provides a bibliography with six works. One of these, ''Bush Toys'' by Claudia Haagen (1994), makes no mention Woggabaliri in its analysis of traditional Aboriginal games.<ref>pp 69 Haagen, C. (1994). Bush Toys: Aboriginal Children at Play. Australia: Aboriginal Studies Press.</ref> ''Sport and Play amidst the Aborigines of the Northern Territory'' by William E Harney (1952) specifically covers the [[Northern Territory]] and does not mention Woggabaliri. ''Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits 4: Arts and Crafts'' by A.C Haddon (1912) relates specifically to the [[Torres Strait Islands]]. Other works cited by Edwards include ''Sport and Play in Aboriginal Culture then and now'' by Ian Robertson (1975), which relates primarily to the [[Pitjantjatjara people]] of central Australia; ''Sports and Amusements of the Northern Queensland Aboriginals'' by Walter E Roth (1904) and ''Games and Pastimes of the Australian Aboriginal'' by Michael A Salter (1967).{{cn|date=March 2023}}
-The Australian Sports Commission in 2000 cited permission to "use and adapt" Ken Edwards' Choopadoo book to publish an otherwise unsourced derivative titled ''Indigenous Traditional Games'', listing it as one of 19 games complete with lists of rules. The ASC's John Evans copied the descriptions of the games verbatim from Edwards' book though further modified Woggabaliri with additional rules to make it suitable for contemporary children to play.<ref name="acknowledgements">Acknowledgements - Indigenous Traditional Games Australian Sports Commission 2000</ref> Though it contains a single source (Ken Edwards book) 'Indigenous Traditional Games' has also been cited as a source for Woggabaliri by others, for example by Malcom Walker (2017)<ref name="Walker 2017 p. ">{{cite book | last=Walker | first=Malcolm | title=The Birth of Football. | publisher=BookBaby | publication-place=Cork | date=2017 | isbn=978-1-4835-9565-8 | oclc=980789255 | page=23}}</ref> it is however generally not recognised by scholars. Ken Edwards was subsequently engaged to collaborate in follow up works produced by the ASC.
+The [[Australian Sports Commission]] (ASC) in 2000 cited permission to "use and adapt" Edwards' ''Choopadoo'' book to publish a derivative titled ''Indigenous Traditional Games'', listing it as one of 19 games complete with lists of rules. The ASC's John Evans copied the descriptions of the games verbatim from Edwards' book, though further modified Woggabaliri with additional rules to make it suitable for contemporary children to play.<ref name="acknowledgements">Acknowledgements - Indigenous Traditional Games Australian Sports Commission 2000</ref>{{better source|date=May 2023}} ''Indigenous Traditional Games'' has subsequently been cited as a source for Woggabaliri by others, such as English-Australian fantasy author Malcom Walker.<ref name="Walker 2017 p. ">{{cite book | last=Walker | first=Malcolm | title=The Birth of Football. | publisher=BookBaby | publication-place=Cork | date=2017 | isbn=978-1-4835-9565-8 | oclc=980789255 | page=23}}</ref>
+===Funding and grants based on Woggabaliri===
-In 2002 the Australian Sports Commission also funded the Laureus Sport for Good Foundation and [[Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission]] to promote Woggabaliri to schools as part of the Indigenous Sports program (ISC).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article267215884 |title=Sports legends visit city |newspaper=[[Port Lincoln Times]] |volume= |location=South Australia |date=3 January 2002 |accessdate=22 March 2023 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
+In 2002 the ASC also funded the Laureus Sport for Good Foundation and [[Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission]] to promote Woggabaliri to schools as part of the Indigenous Sports program (ISC).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article267215884 |title=Sports legends visit city |newspaper=[[Port Lincoln Times]] |volume= |location=South Australia |date=3 January 2002 |accessdate=22 March 2023 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
+=== FIFA World Cup bids===
-In 2004, historian [[John Maynard (historian)|John Maynard]]<!---already has incoming links; awaiting creation of an article; leave redlink here--->  received a grant {{AUD|34,060}} from the [[Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies]] (AIATSIS) to write a book inspired by the story of Woggabaliri on the history of Aboriginal involvement in soccer.<ref>[https://www.newcastle.edu.au/profile/john-maynard#grants Emeritus Professor John Maynard Indigenous Education and Research (Indigenous History)]</ref>
+[[File:Marn grook illustration 1857.jpg|thumb|[[Gustav Mützel]]'s 1862 interpretation of [[William Blandowski]]'s 1857 depiction of an Australian Aboriginal domestic scene at [[Mondellimin]]]]
+In 2007 Dr Patrick Greene, CEO of [[Museums Victoria]], discovered [[Gustav Mützel]]'s 1862 engravings of findings from the [[Blandowski expedition]], including a depiction of [[Jarijari]] in 1857, observed at [[Mondellimin]] (now [[Merbein, Victoria]]). In the background of this engraving a child can be seen kicking the "ball" with others attempting to catch it, the caption translated from German reads "A group of children is playing with a ball. The ball is made out of typha roots (roots of the [[bulrush]]). It is not thrown or hit with a bat, but is kicked up in the air with a foot. The aim of the game - never let the ball touch the ground".{{cn|date=May 2023}}
+In 2010 [[Football Federation Australia]] (FFA) in its [[Australian 2022 FIFA World Cup bid]], connected the Australian Sports Commission's Edwards-based game to Mützel's image and cited the similarity to [[Association football|football (soccer)]] as evidence that [[Association football|football (soccer)]] had a history in Australia stretching back thousands of years. Rod Allen, FFA media relations was quoted "We'd hope a wider knowledge of Woggabaliri might encourage more indigenous kids to play football".<ref name="hilferty">"The Australian Game - FFA highlights indigenous soccer ties", by Tim Hilferti. ''The Advertiser'', 24 October 2010, p.79.</ref>
-=== Blandowski attribution and World Cup Soccer bid: 2007-===
-[[File:Marn grook illustration 1857.jpg|thumb|[[Gustav Mützel]]'s 1862 interpretation of [[William Blandowski]]'s 1857 depiction of an Australian Aboriginal domestic scene at [[Mondellimin]] was discovered in 2007.]]
-In 2007 Dr Patrick Greene, CEO of [[Museums Victoria]] discovered [[Gustav Mützel]]'s 1862 engravings of findings from the [[Blandowski expedition]], including a depiction of [[Jarijari]] in 1857 observed at [[ Mondellimin]] (now [[Merbein, Victoria]]). In the background of this engraving a child can be seen kicking the "ball" with others attempting to catch it, the caption translated from German reads "A group of children is playing with a ball. The ball is made out of typha roots (roots of the bulrush). It is not thrown or hit with a bat, but is kicked up in the air with a foot. The aim of the game - never let the ball touch the ground".
+=== John Maynard research ===
-In 2010 [[Football Federation Australia]] (FFA) in its [[Australian 2022 FIFA World Cup bid]], connected the Australian Sports Commission's Edwards-based game to Mützel's image and cited the similarity to [[Association football|football (soccer)]] as evidence that [[Association football|football (soccer)]] had a history in Australia stretching back thousands of years.<ref name="hilferty">The Australian Game - FFA highlights indigenous soccer ties. by Tim Hilferti for The Advertiser Pg 79. 24 October 2010</ref> Rod Allen, FFA media relations was quoted to say "We'd hope a wider knowledge of Woggabaliri might encourage more indigenous kids to play football".<ref name="hilferty" /> This was reported in an [[opinion piece]] published by soccer reporter Tim Hilferty on 24 October 2010. This Wikipedia article was initially created on the same day based primarily from that single source and was subsequently extensively widely cited as an authoritative source in an example of [[circular reporting]].{{cn|date=March 2023}}
+Historian  John Maynard, in his 2011 book ''The Aboriginal Soccer Tribe'', reiterating the FFA's attribution of Mützel's image, proclaimed it as Australia's first football game, and strongly link it to the modern game of [[association football]] (soccer).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Maynard |first=John |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/742574972 |title=The Aboriginal soccer tribe : a history of aboriginal involvement with the world game| format=Library catalogue entry |date=2011 |publisher=Magabala Books |isbn=978-1-921248-39-9 |location=Broome, W.A. |oclc=742574972}}</ref> The 2011 bestseller received a [[Deadly Award]] for Outstanding Achievement in Literature.<ref>[https://deadlyvibe.com.au/2012/08/outstanding-achievement-in-literature/ Outstanding Achievement in Literature] from Deadly Vibe August 30th, 2012.</ref> Maynard's book and its reference to Woggabaliri was subsequently widely cited. A passionate soccer fan, following his Ph.D at the [[University of Newcastle (Australia)|University of Newcastle]] in 2003, Maynard began studying Aboriginal involvement in 2004, writing in 2008 of the significant under-representation of Indigenous Australians in the "world game" in comparison to [[Australian football]].<ref name="Maynard2008">{{cite journal | last1 = Maynard | first1 = John | title = Football barriers – Aboriginal under-representation and disconnection from the 'world game' | journal = Soccer & Society | date = 3 December 2008 | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 39–56 | issn = 1466-0970 | eissn = 1743-9590 | doi = 10.1080/14660970802472650 | pmid = | s2cid = 145363759 | url = https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1054&context=aprci}}</ref> Former soccer player [[Craig Foster]] in 2011 wrote an [[opinion piece]] supporting Maynard's theory connecting Woggabaliri with soccer.<ref>{{cite web | last=Foster | first=Craig | title=Indigenous Australians put their foot down to fully embrace the world game | website=The Canberra Times | date=22 October 2011 | url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/938252/indigenous-australians-put-their-foot-down-to-fully-embrace-the-world-game/ | access-date=30 May 2023}}</ref>
+==Hoax claims==
-Historian John Maynard, in his 2011 book ''The Aboriginal Soccer Tribe'', reiterating the FFA's attribution of Mützel's image, proclaimed it as Australia's first football game, and strongly link it to the modern game of [[association football]] (soccer).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Maynard |first=John |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/742574972 |title=The Aboriginal soccer tribe : a history of aboriginal involvement with the world game| format=Library catalogue entry |date=2011 |publisher=Magabala Books |isbn=978-1-921248-39-9 |location=Broome, W.A. |oclc=742574972}}</ref> The 2011 bestseller received a Deadly Award for outstanding Achievement in Literature.<ref>[https://deadlyvibe.com.au/2012/08/outstanding-achievement-in-literature/ Outstanding Achievement in Literature] from Deadly Vibe August 30th, 2012.</ref> Maynard's book and its reference to Woggabaliri was subsequently widely cited. A passionate soccer fan, following his Ph.D at the [[University of Newcastle (Australia)|University of Newcastle]] in 2003 Maynard began studying Aboriginal involvement in 2004, writing in 2008 of the significant under-representation of Indigenous Australians in the 'world game' in comparison to [[Australian football]].<ref name="Maynard2008">{{cite journal | last1 = Maynard | first1 = John | title = Football barriers – Aboriginal under‐representation and disconnection from the ‘world game’ | journal = Soccer &amp; Society | date = 3 December 2008 | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 39–56 | issn = 1466-0970 | eissn = 1743-9590 | doi = 10.1080/14660970802472650 | pmid = | url = }}</ref> Maynard joined Football Australia's National Indigenous Advisory Group in 2021. Former soccer player [[Craig Foster]] in 2011 wrote a popular opinion article supporting Maynard's theory connecting Woggabaliri with soccer.<ref>[https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/938252/indigenous-australians-put-their-foot-down-to-fully-embrace-the-world-game/ Indigenous Australians put their foot down to fully embrace the world game] By Craig Foster 10 November 2012</ref>
+In 2010, Ian Syson of ''The Footy Almanac'' alleged that Woggabaliri was a hoax perpetrated by the Australian Sports Commission to further Australia's World Cup bid. He pointed out the similarity between the words "Woggabaliri" and "wogball", a derogatory [[Australian slang]] term for soccer, suggesting that the choice of name may be [[tongue-in-cheek]].<ref>Syson, Ian. [https://www.footyalmanac.com.au/woggabaliri/ Woggabaliri] 4 November 2010. </ref>
+Historian David Thompson is critical of Ken Edwards claim of the existence of Woggabaliri, having found no academic sources to support it.<ref>Thompson, David. "Margrook and Aussie Rules: The Continuum of Football in Australia". ''Sporting Traditions'', 2017, 34 (2}, p. 98.</ref>
-The [[New South Wales Department of the Arts, Sport and Recreation]] in 2011 promoted Woggabaliri in [[New South Wales]] schools.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-12 |title=Wayback Machine |url=http://www.dsr.nsw.gov.au/assets/pubs/sshorts/ss_august07.pdf |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312133614/http://www.dsr.nsw.gov.au/assets/pubs/sshorts/ss_august07.pdf |archive-date=12 March 2011 }}</ref>
+{{Location map+|Australia New South Wales|width=500|float=right|caption=Map showing the various locations and distances involved in Woggabaliri|places=
-== Controversy and hoax allegations ==
-{{Location map+|Australia New South Wales|width=500|float=right|caption=Map showing the various locations and distances involved in Woggabaliri story claims|places=
   {{Location map~|Australia New South Wales |lat=-32.296 | long=147.296 |position=right|background=#FFFFDD|label=[[Wiradjuri]] country (location of Woggabaliri account from Edwards 1999)}}
-  {{Location map~|Australia New South Wales |lat=-35.155 | long=148.616 |position=right|background=#FFFFDD|label=[[Ngunnawal]] country (origin of word Woggabaliri according to Robert Hamilton Mathews 1901)}}
+  {{Location map~|Australia New South Wales |lat=-35.155 | long=148.616 |position=right|background=#FFFFDD|label=[[Ngunnawal]] country (source of word Woggabaliri according to Robert Hamilton Mathews 1901)}}
   {{Location map~|Australia New South Wales |lat=-34.127 | long=142.028 |position=right|background=#FFFFDD|label=[[Jarijari]] country (Blandowski observation 1857)}}
   {{Location map~|Australia New South Wales |lat=-35.819 | long=142.353 |position=right|background=#FFFFDD|label=[[Jardwadjali]] country (Marngrook documented)}}
@@ Line 37: / Line 36: @@
 {{Location map~|Australia New South Wales|lat=-37.182 |long=144.683 |position=right |label=[[Victoria, Australia|Victoria]]|label_size=125}}
 |background=#FFFFDD|mark=Left arrow.svg|position=above|label_size=82}}
-Critics of Woggabaliri point out various inconsistencies in the story and it has been called a [[hoax]].
-As at 2023 no mentions of the name Woggabaliri attributed to the activity described in Ken Edwards 1999 book prior to its publication have been found. [[Trove]] contains just one result from 2002.<ref>[https://trove.nla.gov.au/search/category/newspapers?keyword=Woggabaliri Woggabaliri search Trove]</ref>
-Ken Edwards and Troy Meston (Australian Sports Commission 2009) stated that the word comes from the [[Wiradjuri language]].<ref>{{Cite book|title= Yulunga: YulungaTraditional Indigenous Games Traditional Indigenous Games|url=https://research.usq.edu.au/download/fb026f6d0421d091234518ebcfdeadaf5035d0edbab86984ef1d90eb009d1564/8919377/Edwards_Yulungu2008_PV.pdf|first1= Ken |last1=Edwards| first2=Troy |last2=Meston| date=2009|publisher=[[Australian Sports Commission]]| isbn= 978 1 74013 102 5|p=36}}</ref> However the official Wiradjuri dictionary lists the word for play as ''wagigi''.<ref name="wiradjuri dictionary">[https://wiradjuri.wcclp.com.au/ Wiradjuri Online Dictiorary] - Wiradjuri Study Centre</ref> Though it appears in the Ngunnawal language, both Ngunnawal and Wiradjuri lands and languages are distinct and distant of each other.
-Critics also question John Maynard and the FFA's attribution's to the Blandowski expedition. Neither Blandowski's account or the Mützel engraving attribute any name to the activity. The tribe depicted is not the Wiradjuri but the Jarijari, groups separated by great distances. Blandowski's expedition did not travel as far as Wiradjuri country, only to the junction of the Murray and Darling Rivers.<ref name=ADB>Paszkowski, L.K. (1969). 'Blandowski, William (1822 - 1878)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 3, Melbourne University Press, pp 182-183. [http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A030174b.htm]</ref> Blandowski's route crossed the Murray only briefly into what is now New South Wales to [[Kureinji]] country at the approximate locations of the settlements of [[Euston, New South Wales|Euston]] and [[Wentworth, New South Wales|Wentworth]], three nations west of the Wiradjuri. The description that accompanies the engraving is also identical to other much better documented activities from the same area. Tim Hilferty's 2010 opinion piece and FFA's World Cup Bid stated that the etching from Haddon Library at Cambridge University they attributed to Woggabaliri was produced in 1857, however it was actually from 1862. Interviewed in 2012 John Maynard insisted that the 1860s engraving was drawn by William Blandowski and is of Woggabaliri<ref>[https://deadlyvibe.com.au/2012/09/the-growing-soccer-tribe/ The Growing Soccer Tribe] from Deadly Vibe September 3rd, 2012.</ref> however the engraving was not drawn by Blandowski and there it little academic evidence to support the assertion that the depiction can be attributed to the word Woggabaliri. The engraving, being of Merbein, Victoria is more than 600 kilometres away and across multiple major rivers and nations from Wiradjuri lands and therefore it is more commonly attributed by academics to [[Marn Grook]] which has been documented within less than 100 kilometres.
-In 2010, Ian Syson of The Footy Almanac labelled Woggabaliri a hoax perpetuated by the Australian Sports Commission to further Australia's world cup bid and highlights the similarity between Woggabaliri and "wogball" a derogatory [[Australian slang]] term for soccer, suggesting that the choice of name may be [[tongue-in-cheek]].<ref>[https://www.footyalmanac.com.au/woggabaliri/ Woggabaliri] November 4, 2010 by Ian Syson</ref>
-Many government sites in the 2010s subsequently withdrew their references to Woggabaliri, the exceptions being the Australian Sports Commission, based in the ACT and the governments of New South Wales and Queensland. Coincidentally all three are east of the [[Barassi Line]] and therefore less inclined to support a sports cultural connection with marngrook.
-Historian David Thompson (2017) while investigating aboriginal games states that Ken Edwards simply coined the term using an existing aboriginal word and attributed it to various already well documented observations across outback Victoria and New South Wales.<ref>Margrook and Aussie Rules: The Continuum of Football in Australia. David Thompson. Sporting Traditions. 2017 Vol 34. Issue 2. p. 98</ref>
-Whereas Woggabaliri was a major platform of Maynard's 'The Aboriginal Soccer Tribe' original bestselling edition, all references to it were redacted without explanation from a revised 2019 edition which instead makes increased reference to [[marn grook]].<ref name="John Maynard 2019 p. ">{{cite book | author=John Maynard | title=The Aboriginal Soccer Tribe | publication-place=Balgowlah Heights, NSW | date=2019 | isbn=978-1-925914-06-1 | oclc=1104207458 | page=}}</ref>
 == Modern play ==
 === Basic rules ===
-The game as described by Sports NSW can be played by groups of four to six players standing in a circle {{cvt|2|m}} apart and uses either a soccer ball or a [[Volleyball (ball)|volleyball]] ball. Using feet and knees only,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-03 |title=Indigenous Australians put their foot down to fully embrace the world game |url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/indigenous-australians-put-their-foot-down-to-fully-embrace-the-world-game-20111022-1mdjf.html |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203150803/http://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/indigenous-australians-put-their-foot-down-to-fully-embrace-the-world-game-20111022-1mdjf.html |archive-date=3 February 2023 }}</ref> in no set order but without consecutive touches, the players attempt to keep the ball from touching the ground. The group that has the most touches in a set time wins. If the ball touches the ground the count is restarted.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2019-03-07 |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://www.sportingschools.gov.au/~/media/pdfs/yulunga-resource/woggabaliri.pdf?la=en |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307173408/https://www.sportingschools.gov.au/~/media/pdfs/yulunga-resource/woggabaliri.pdf?la=en |archive-date=7 March 2019 }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2009-05-09 |title=Wayback Machine |url=http://fulltext.ausport.gov.au/fulltext/2000/ascpub/adult_games.pdf |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509030450/http://fulltext.ausport.gov.au/fulltext/2000/ascpub/adult_games.pdf |archive-date=9 May 2009 }}</ref>
+According to the NSW Office of Sport, it is a kicking game similar to [[soccer]] played in a group of four to six players in a circle {{cvt|2|m}} apart and uses either a soccer ball, [[Volleyball (ball)|volleyball]], or soft beach ball.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Woggabaliri|publisher=[[Office of Sport (New South Wales)]] |url=https://www.sport.nsw.gov.au/traditional-indigenous-games/woggabaliri |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=NSW Government |language=en-AU}}</ref> It can be played by groups of four to six players standing in a circle using feet and knees only,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-03 |title=Indigenous Australians put their foot down to fully embrace the world game |url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/indigenous-australians-put-their-foot-down-to-fully-embrace-the-world-game-20111022-1mdjf.html |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203150803/http://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/indigenous-australians-put-their-foot-down-to-fully-embrace-the-world-game-20111022-1mdjf.html |archive-date=3 February 2023 }}</ref> in no set order but without consecutive touches, the players attempt to keep the ball from touching the ground. The group that has the most touches in a set time wins. If the ball touches the ground the count is restarted.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2019-03-07 |title=Yulunga Traditional Indigenous Games |url=https://www.sportingschools.gov.au/~/media/pdfs/yulunga-resource/woggabaliri.pdf?la=en |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307173408/https://www.sportingschools.gov.au/~/media/pdfs/yulunga-resource/woggabaliri.pdf?la=en |archive-date=7 March 2019 }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2009-05-09 |title= Indigenous Traditional Games|url=http://fulltext.ausport.gov.au/fulltext/2000/ascpub/adult_games.pdf |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509030450/http://fulltext.ausport.gov.au/fulltext/2000/ascpub/adult_games.pdf |archive-date=9 May 2009 }}</ref>
 === Team rules ===
-Two teams of four play on a [[volleyball]] court sized pitch with football (soccer) goals at each end. A game consists of two halves lasting 10 minutes each. Players may use feet, knees, thighs, chest and head to keep the ball aloft with the team losing possession if the ball touches the ground, is intercepted or an infringement occurs. Tackling is not permitted, and goals can be scored from any part of the pitch.<sup><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /></sup>
+Two teams of four play on a volleyball-court-sized pitch with football (soccer) goals at each end. A game consists of two halves lasting 10 minutes each. Players may use feet, knees, thighs, chest and head to keep the ball aloft with the team losing possession if the ball touches the ground, is intercepted or an infringement occurs. Tackling is not permitted, and goals can be scored from any part of the pitch.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />
 == See also ==
@@ Line 68: / Line 52: @@
 {{Reflist}}
+==Sources==
+*{{Cite book| title = A first Wiradjuri Dictionary: English to Wiradjuri and Categories
+ | last1 = Rudder | first1 = John
+ | last2 = Grant | first2 = Stan
+ | author2-link = Stan Grant (Wiradjuri elder)
+ | year = 2005
+ | publisher = Restoration House
+ | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hSzLAQAACAAJ&q=,+A+first+Wiradjuri+dictionary,
+ | isbn = 978-0-869-42131-4
+}}
+*{{Cite book| title = A New Wiradjuri Dictionary
+ | last1 = Rudder | first1 = John
+ | last2 = Grant | first2 = Stan
+ | author2-link = Stan Grant (Wiradjuri elder)
+ | year = 2010
+ | publisher = Restoration House
+ | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7VqzXwAACAAJ&q=,+A+first+Wiradjuri+dictionary,
+ | isbn = 978-0-869-42150-5
+}}
@@ Line 73: / Line 76: @@
 [[Category:Cooperative games]]
 [[Category:Ball games]]
+[[Category:Ancient sports]]
+[[Category:Indigenous Australian sport]]
+[[Category:Sports originating in Australia]]
+[[Category:Australian Aboriginal words and phrases]]