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{{Short description|American journalist}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
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==Background==
==Background==


Albert Merriman Smith was born on February 10, 1913, in [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]].<ref name=HelenThomasHonored>{{cite news |title=Helen Thomas honored |work=The Pittsburgh Press |date=June 24, 1985 |page=A2 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=U4McAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UWIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5835,5656080&dq=helen-thomas+thank-you-mr-president&hl=en }}</ref>
Albert Merriman Smith was born on February 10, 1913, in [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]].<ref name=HelenThomasHonored>{{cite news |title=Helen Thomas honored |work=The Pittsburgh Press |date=June 24, 1985 |page=A2 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=U4McAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UWIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5835,5656080&dq=helen-thomas+thank-you-mr-president&hl=en }}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
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Smith began covering the White House in 1940. After the United States entered the Second World War, he was designated as one of the wire service reporters to follow the president on all his travels. They agreed for security purposes not to file their stories until after each trip had ended. Consequently, Smith was in Warm Springs, Georgia, on April 12, 1945, and filed one of the first reports on the death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.<ref>Donald A. Ritchie (2005), ''Reporting from Washington: The History of the Washington Press Corps'', p. 121.</ref>
Smith began covering the White House in 1940. After the United States entered the Second World War, he was designated as one of the wire service reporters to follow the president on all his travels. They agreed for security purposes not to file their stories until after each trip had ended. Consequently, Smith was in Warm Springs, Georgia, on April 12, 1945, and filed one of the first reports on the death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.<ref>Donald A. Ritchie (2005), ''Reporting from Washington: The History of the Washington Press Corps'', p. 121.</ref>


On November 22, 1963, Smith was the main UPI reporter in Dallas for [[John F. Kennedy]]'s visit. He traveled in the motorcade in the White House Pool car, which had a radiotelephone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/article/merriman-smiths-account-jfks-assassination|title=Merriman Smith's account of JFK's assassination|first=Bill|last= Sanderson|website=www.pulitzer.org}}</ref> When the shots were fired, Smith grabbed the phone and called the UPI office.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanderson |first1=Bill |title=Fifty Years Ago This Minute: How the Assassination Story Broke |url=https://observer.com/2013/11/how-the-assassination-story-broke/ |website=Observer |accessdate=4 September 2018 |date=2013}}</ref> He stayed on the phone while Jack Bell, the AP reporter in the car, started punching Smith and yelling at him to hand the phone over.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2016/11/05/how-this-forgotten-journalist-scored-the-20th-centurys-biggest-scoop/|title=How this forgotten journalist scored the 20th century's biggest scoop|date=6 November 2016|website=nypost.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/article/merriman-smiths-account-jfks-assassination|title=Merriman Smith's account of JFK's assassination|first=Bill|last= Sanderson|website=www.pulitzer.org}}</ref> At 12:34 PM CST, four minutes after the presidential shooting, the report went out over UPI wire.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/article/merriman-smiths-account-jfks-assassination|title=Merriman Smith's account of JFK's assassination|first=Bill|last= Sanderson|website=www.pulitzer.org}}</ref> In 1964, he won the Pulitzer Prize for his coverage of the assassination of US President [[John F. Kennedy]]. He was the first to publicly use the term "grassy knoll" regarding the assassination.<ref>Pages documenting this are held by [[Gary Mack]], the curator of [[The Sixth Floor Museum]] at [[Dealey Plaza]].</ref>
On November 22, 1963, Smith was the main UPI reporter in Dallas for [[John F. Kennedy]]'s visit. He traveled in the motorcade in the White House Pool car, which had a radiotelephone.<ref name="Sanderson">{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/article/merriman-smiths-account-jfks-assassination|title=Merriman Smith's account of JFK's assassination|first=Bill|last= Sanderson|website=www.pulitzer.org}}</ref> When the shots were fired, Smith grabbed the phone and called the UPI office.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanderson |first1=Bill |title=Fifty Years Ago This Minute: How the Assassination Story Broke |url=https://observer.com/2013/11/how-the-assassination-story-broke/ |website=Observer |accessdate=4 September 2018 |date=2013}}</ref> He stayed on the phone while Jack Bell, the AP reporter in the car, started punching Smith and yelling at him to hand the phone over.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2016/11/05/how-this-forgotten-journalist-scored-the-20th-centurys-biggest-scoop/|title=How this forgotten journalist scored the 20th century's biggest scoop|date=6 November 2016|website=nypost.com}}</ref><ref name="Sanderson"/> At 12:34 PM CST, four minutes after the presidential shooting, the report went out over UPI wire.<ref name="Sanderson"/> In 1964, he received the Pulitzer Prize for his coverage of the assassination of US President [[John F. Kennedy]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Sanderson |first=Bill |title=Bulletins from Dallas: Reporting the JFK Assassination |publisher=[[Skyhorse Publishing]] |date=1 November 2016 |isbn=978-1510712645}}</ref> He was the first to publicly use the term "grassy knoll" regarding the assassination.<ref>Pages documenting this are held by [[Gary Mack]], the curator of [[The Sixth Floor Museum]] at [[Dealey Plaza]].</ref>


In the 1960s, Smith was a frequent guest on television interview programs hosted by [[Jack Paar]] and [[Merv Griffin]]. Smith was presented with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] by President [[Lyndon Johnson]] in 1967.{{cn|date=July 2020}}
In the 1960s, Smith was a frequent guest on television interview programs hosted by [[Jack Paar]] and [[Merv Griffin]]. Smith was presented with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] by President [[Lyndon Johnson]] in 1969.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}


==Death==
==Death==


Despondent over the death of his son in the [[Vietnam War]] and perhaps suffering from PTSD as a result of witnessing the Kennedy assassination, Smith died at his home in [[Washington, D.C.]], on April 13, 1970 from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lim |first1=Young Joon |last2=Sweeney |first2=Michael S.|date=2016 |title=UPI's Merriman Smith may have suffered from PTSD |journal=Newspaper Research Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=113–123 |doi=10.1177/0739532916648956 }}</ref> Although he never served in the military himself, his grave is in Section 32 of [[Arlington National Cemetery]] next to his son's, by special permission of the Commanding General of the Military District of Washington.{{cn|date=July 2020}}
Despondent over the death of his son in the [[Vietnam War]] and perhaps suffering from PTSD as a result of witnessing the Kennedy assassination, Smith died at his home in [[Alexandria, Virginia]], on April 13, 1970, from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lim |first1=Young Joon |last2=Sweeney |first2=Michael S.|date=2016 |title=UPI's Merriman Smith may have suffered from PTSD |journal=Newspaper Research Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=113–123 |doi=10.1177/0739532916648956 }}</ref> Although he never served in the military himself, his grave is in Section 32 of [[Arlington National Cemetery]] next to his son's, by special permission of the Commanding General of the Military District of Washington.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}


At the end of the President's press conference of May 8, 1970, concentrating on the [[Kent State shootings]] and his decision to expand the [[Cambodian campaign|war into Cambodia]], Nixon called on the White House press corps to stand in Smith's remembrance.
==Legacy==


==Merriman Smith Memorial Award==
Part of his legacy is [[White House Correspondents' Association#The Merriman Smith Memorial Award|The Merriman Smith Memorial Award]], a journalism award bestowed by the [[White House Correspondents' Association]].{{cn|date=July 2020}}


In 1970, the [[White House Correspondents' Association]] established [[White House Correspondents' Association#The Merriman Smith Memorial Award|The Merriman Smith Memorial Award]] for excellence in presidential news coverage under deadline pressure.<ref>{{cite web |title=2013 WHCA Journalism Award Winners |url=https://whca.press/news/awards/past-winners/2013-award-winners/ |website=whca.press |publisher=White House Correspondents’ Association |access-date=March 11, 2022}}</ref> His name was removed from the award in 2022 because of his support of excluding Black and female journalists from membership in the [[National Press Club (United States)|National Press Club]] and from attending the [[White House Correspondents' Association#White House Correspondents' dinner|White House Correspondents' Dinner]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Farhi |first=Paul |title=His reporting on the Kennedy assassination made him a legend. Then a press group looked into his past. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2022/03/11/merriman-smith-award/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=March 11, 2022 |access-date=March 11, 2022}}</ref>
Near the end of the novel ''[[Seven Days in May]]'', by [[Fletcher Knebel]] and [[Charles W. Bailey II]], Smith is thinly disguised as a White House reporter nicknamed "Milky."{{cn|date=July 2020}}


==Works==
==Works==
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[[Category:20th-century American writers]]
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[[Category:Male suicides]]
[[Category:20th-century American journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century American journalists]]
[[Category:United Press International]]
[[Category:United Press International people]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]

Latest revision as of 17:20, 19 March 2024

Merriman Smith
Smith in 1962
Born(1913-02-10)February 10, 1913
Savannah, Georgia
DiedApril 13, 1970(1970-04-13) (aged 57)
Washington, D.C.
NationalityAmerican
OccupationJournalist
Awards

Albert Merriman Smith (February 10, 1913 – April 13, 1970) was an American wire service reporter, notably serving as White House correspondent for United Press International and its predecessor, United Press. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1964 for his coverage of the assassination of John F. Kennedy and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969 by Lyndon B. Johnson.[1][2]

Background

[edit]

Albert Merriman Smith was born on February 10, 1913, in Savannah, Georgia.[3]

Career

[edit]

Known by his middle name (and his nickname, "Smitty"), Smith covered US presidents from Franklin Delano Roosevelt to Richard Nixon and originated the practice of closing presidential news conferences with "Thank You, Mr. President," which was the title of his 1946 book, written during his coverage of the Harry Truman administration.[2] That honor, accorded the senior wire service reporter present at presidential news conferences, became more popularly known when it was continued by Smith's UPI colleague Helen Thomas.[3]

Smith began covering the White House in 1940. After the United States entered the Second World War, he was designated as one of the wire service reporters to follow the president on all his travels. They agreed for security purposes not to file their stories until after each trip had ended. Consequently, Smith was in Warm Springs, Georgia, on April 12, 1945, and filed one of the first reports on the death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[4]

On November 22, 1963, Smith was the main UPI reporter in Dallas for John F. Kennedy's visit. He traveled in the motorcade in the White House Pool car, which had a radiotelephone.[5] When the shots were fired, Smith grabbed the phone and called the UPI office.[6] He stayed on the phone while Jack Bell, the AP reporter in the car, started punching Smith and yelling at him to hand the phone over.[7][5] At 12:34 PM CST, four minutes after the presidential shooting, the report went out over UPI wire.[5] In 1964, he received the Pulitzer Prize for his coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy.[8] He was the first to publicly use the term "grassy knoll" regarding the assassination.[9]

In the 1960s, Smith was a frequent guest on television interview programs hosted by Jack Paar and Merv Griffin. Smith was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Lyndon Johnson in 1969.[citation needed]

Death

[edit]

Despondent over the death of his son in the Vietnam War and perhaps suffering from PTSD as a result of witnessing the Kennedy assassination, Smith died at his home in Alexandria, Virginia, on April 13, 1970, from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.[10] Although he never served in the military himself, his grave is in Section 32 of Arlington National Cemetery next to his son's, by special permission of the Commanding General of the Military District of Washington.[citation needed]

At the end of the President's press conference of May 8, 1970, concentrating on the Kent State shootings and his decision to expand the war into Cambodia, Nixon called on the White House press corps to stand in Smith's remembrance.

Merriman Smith Memorial Award

[edit]

In 1970, the White House Correspondents' Association established The Merriman Smith Memorial Award for excellence in presidential news coverage under deadline pressure.[11] His name was removed from the award in 2022 because of his support of excluding Black and female journalists from membership in the National Press Club and from attending the White House Correspondents' Dinner.[12]

Works

[edit]
  • Thank You, Mr. President: A White House Notebook (1946,[13] 1976[14])
    • Danke sehr, Herr Präsident! Notizbuch aus dem Weissen Haus (1948)[15]
  • President is Many Men (1948)[16]
  • Meet Mister Eisenhower (1955)[17]
  • President's Odyssey (1961,[18] 1975[19])
  • Good New Days (1962)[20]
  • News Media – A Service and a Force (1970)[21]
  • Merriman Smith's Book of Presidents: A White House Memoir (1972)[22]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Judy Muhlberg (June 14, 1976). "Medal of Freedom" (PDF). Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library & Museum. p. 43. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  2. ^ a b Joe Alex Morris (1957). "Deadline Every Minute The Story Of The United Press".
  3. ^ a b "Helen Thomas honored". The Pittsburgh Press. June 24, 1985. p. A2.
  4. ^ Donald A. Ritchie (2005), Reporting from Washington: The History of the Washington Press Corps, p. 121.
  5. ^ a b c Sanderson, Bill. "Merriman Smith's account of JFK's assassination". www.pulitzer.org.
  6. ^ Sanderson, Bill (2013). "Fifty Years Ago This Minute: How the Assassination Story Broke". Observer. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  7. ^ "How this forgotten journalist scored the 20th century's biggest scoop". nypost.com. 6 November 2016.
  8. ^ Sanderson, Bill (1 November 2016). Bulletins from Dallas: Reporting the JFK Assassination. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1510712645.
  9. ^ Pages documenting this are held by Gary Mack, the curator of The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza.
  10. ^ Lim, Young Joon; Sweeney, Michael S. (2016). "UPI's Merriman Smith may have suffered from PTSD". Newspaper Research Journal. 37 (2): 113–123. doi:10.1177/0739532916648956.
  11. ^ "2013 WHCA Journalism Award Winners". whca.press. White House Correspondents’ Association. Retrieved March 11, 2022.
  12. ^ Farhi, Paul (March 11, 2022). "His reporting on the Kennedy assassination made him a legend. Then a press group looked into his past". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 11, 2022.
  13. ^ Smith, A. Merriman (1946). Thank You, Mr. President: A White House Notebook. Harper & Brothers.
  14. ^ Smith, A. Merriman (1976). Thank You, Mr. President: A White House Notebook. Da Capo Press.
  15. ^ Smith, A. Merriman (1948). "translation (Herbert Mühlbauer)". Thank You, Mr. President: A White House Notebook. Vienna: Humboldt.
  16. ^ Smith, A. Merriman (1948). President is Many Men. Harper.
  17. ^ Smith, A. Merriman (1955). Meet Mister Eisenhower. Harper.
  18. ^ Smith, A. Merriman (1961). President's Odyssey. Harper.
  19. ^ Smith, A. Merriman (1975). President's Odyssey. Greenwood Press.
  20. ^ Smith, A. Merriman (1962). Good New Days: A Not Entirely Reverent Study of Native Habits and Customs in Modern Washington. Bobbs-Merrill.
  21. ^ Smith, A. Merriman; Smith, Howard K.; Elliot, Osborn (1970). News Media – A Service and a Force. Memphis State University Press.
  22. ^ Smith, A. Merriman (1972). Timothy G. Smith (ed.). Merriman Smith's Book of Presidents: A White House Memoir. WW Norton.
[edit]
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