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Coordinates: 40°15′26″N 116°08′59″E / 40.257169°N 116.149758°E / 40.257169; 116.149758
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{{Short description|Prototype pebble bed reactor, China}}
'''HTR-10''' is a 10 MWt prototype [[pebble bed reactor]] at [[Tsinghua University]] in [[China]]. Construction began in 1995, achieving its first criticality in December 2000, and was operated in full power condition in January 2003.<ref>{{Citation
{{Infobox power station
| title = HTR-10
| name = HTR-10
| url = http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/ineten/5696/index.html
| image = Tsinghua 04790004 (8389261478).jpg
| year = 2010
| image_caption = Control room of HTR-10 reactor
| accessdate = 2013-02-25 }}</ref>
| country = People's Republic of China
⚫
| coordinates = {{Coord|40.257169|116.149758|format=dms |type:landmark_region:CN-11 |display=inline,title}}
| owner = [[Tsinghua University]]
| construction_began = 1995
| commissioned = January 2003
| decommissioned =
| np_reactor_supplier =
| np_reactor_type = [[pebble-bed reactor]] [[high-temperature gas reactor|HTGR]]
| ps_units_operational = 10 MW
| ps_units_decommissioned =
| ps_units_uc =
| ps_units_planned =
| ps_annual_generation =
| status = O
⚫
| cost =
| website =
⚫
}}


'''HTR-10''' is a 10 MWt prototype [[high-temperature gas reactor|high-temperature gas-cooled]], [[pebble-bed reactor]] at [[Tsinghua University]] in [[China]]. Construction began in 1995, achieving its first criticality in December 2000, and was operated in full power condition in January 2003.<ref>{{Citation | title = HTR-10 | url = http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/ineten/5696/index.html | year = 2010 | publisher = Tsinghua University | access-date = 2023-02-27 | archive-date = 2011-09-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110928033448/http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/ineten/5696/index.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>
HTR-10 is modeled after the German [[HTR-MODUL]]. Like the HTR-MODUL, HTR-10 is claimed to be fundamentally safer,<ref>{{Citation
| title = Safety Demonstration Tests On HTR-10
| url = http://www.iaea.or.at/inisnkm/nkm/aws/htgr/abstracts/abst_htr2004_h06.html
| year = 2004
| journal = Proceedings of the Conference on High Temperature Reactors
| place = Beijing, China
| pages = 1–16
| last1 = Hu | first1 = Shouyin
| last2 = Wang | first2 = Ruipian
| last3 = Gao | first3 = Zuying
| accessdate = 2010-04-26 }} {{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref> potentially cheaper and more efficient than other nuclear reactor designs.{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}} Outlet temperature ranges between 700 C to 950 C, which allows these reactors to generate [[hydrogen]] as a byproduct efficiently, thus supplying inexpensive and non-polluting fuel for [[fuel cell]] powered vehicles.<ref>{{Citation
| title = R&D effort on nuclear hydrogen production technology in China
| url = http://inderscience.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=1743-4939&volume=1&issue=2&spage=104
| year = 2006
| journal = International Journal of Nuclear Hydrogen Production and Applications
| pages = 104–111
| volume = 1
⚫
| issue = 2
| last1 = Sun | first1 = Yuliang
| last2 = Xu | first2 = Jingming
| last3 = Zhang | first3 = Zuoyi
| accessdate = 2010-04-26 }}</ref>


⚫
Two [[HTR-PM]] reactors, scaled up versions of the HTR-10 with 250-MWt capacity, were installed at the [[Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant]] near the city of [[Rongcheng, Shandong|Rongcheng]] in [[Shandong|Shandong Province]] and achieved first criticality in September 2021.
HTR-10 is a [[Pebble-bed reactor|pebble bed]]
[[Very-high-temperature_reactor|HTGR]] utilizing [[Pebble-bed reactor|spherical fuel elements with ceramic coated fuel particles]].
The reactor core has a diameter of 1.8 m, a mean height of 1.97 m and
the volume of 5.0 m 3 , and is surrounded by [[Nuclear_graphite|graphite reflectors]].
The core is composed of 27,000 fuel elements. The fuel elements use [[Enriched_uranium#Low-enriched_uranium_.28LEU.29|low enriched uranium]] with a design mean burn
up of 80,000 MWd/t. The pressure of the primary [[Nuclear_reactor_coolant|helium coolant]] circuit is 3.0 Mpa<ref>
{{
cite web|
title=THE HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS COOLED REACTOR TEST MODULE CORE PHYSICS BENCHMARKS; from google (htr-10 fuel) result 3|
url=http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/te_1382_web/TE_1382_Part2.pdf
⚫
}}
</ref>.


==HTR-PM==
== Development ==
The Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology (INET) of [[Tsinghua University]] is the lead designer for the HTR-10 reactor. The project was approved by the [[State Council of the People's Republic of China|State Council]] in March 1992. The Design Criteria and Safety Analysis Report for the HTR-10 were approved in August 1992 and March 1993. In August 1994, [[Siemens]]/Interatom reviewed the fundamental design of the HTR-10 and exchanged knowledge gained from their advanced design efforts on the [[HTR-MODUL]] with INET. Like the HTR-MODUL, HTR-10 is claimed to be fundamentally safer,<ref>{{Citation | title = ''Safety Demonstration Tests On HTR-10'' | url = http://www.iaea.or.at/inisnkm/nkm/aws/htgr/abstracts/abst_htr2004_h06.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110725183719/http://www.iaea.or.at/inisnkm/nkm/aws/htgr/abstracts/abst_htr2004_h06.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2011-07-25 | year = 2004 | journal = Proceedings of the Conference on High Temperature Reactors | place = Beijing, China | pages = 1–16 | last1 = Hu | first1 = Shouyin | last2 = Wang | first2 = Ruipian
| last3 = Gao | first3 = Zuying | access-date = 2010-04-26 }}</ref> potentially cheaper and more efficient than other nuclear reactor designs.<ref name="iaeaeval2003">{{cite web |title=Evaluation of high temperatures gas cooled reactors performance: Benchmark analysis related to initial testing of HTTR and HTR-10 reactors |url=https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1382_web/TE_1382_Part2.pdf |publisher=[[IAEA]] |access-date=20 March 2024}}</ref> Outlet temperature ranges between {{convert|700|and(-)|750|°C|round=25}}.<ref name="chapter4"/><ref>[https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Key-components-of-second-HTR-PM-reactor-connected ''Key components of second HTR-PM reactor connected''] WNN, 25 March 2020</ref>


HTR-10 is a pebble-bed high-temperature gas reactor utilizing spherical fuel elements with ceramic coated fuel particles. The reactor core has a diameter of {{Convert|1.8|m}}, a mean height of {{convert|1.97|m}} and the volume of {{convert|5.0|m³}}, and is surrounded by [[Nuclear graphite|graphite reflectors]]. The core is composed of 27,000 fuel elements. The fuel elements use [[Enriched uranium#Low-enriched uranium .28LEU.29|low enriched uranium]] with a design mean burn up of 80,000 MWd/t. The pressure of the primary [[Nuclear reactor coolant|helium coolant]] circuit is {{Convert|3.0|MPa}}.<ref name="chapter4">
⚫
In 2005, China announced its intention to scale up HTR-10 for commercial power generation. The first two 250-MWt High Temperature Reactor-Pebble-bed Modules (HTR-PM) will be installed at the [[Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant]], near the city of [[Rongcheng, Shandong|Rongcheng]] in [[Shandong|Shandong Province]], and together drive a [[steam turbine]] generating 200 [[MWe]].
{{cite web|title=''The High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor Test Module Core Physics Benchmarks''; from google (htr-10 fuel) result 3|url=http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/te_1382_web/TE_1382_Part2.pdf|date=2002}}</ref>

Originally to be started in 2011, the project was postponed after the [[Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster|incident]] at [[Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant]] in [[Japan]] in March 2011. In 2009, it was planned to be finished in 2013.<ref>{{doi|10.1016/j.nucengdes.2009.02.023}} {{citeseerx|10.1.1.397.4052}}</ref> Construction finally began at the end of 2012,<ref>[http://www.nucnet.org/all-the-news/2013/01/07/china-begins-construction-of-first-generation-iv-htr-pm-unit Nucnet Report: 'China Begins Construction of First Generation IV HTR-PM Unit', 7 January 2013]</ref> with the pour of the concrete basemat occurring in April 2014.<ref name=wnn>{{cite web|title=First HTR-PM construction progresses|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-First-CAP1400-reactor-under-construction-0404144.html|accessdate=8 April 2014}}</ref> The vessel was installed in 2016.<ref>http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/nn-first-vessel-installed-in-chinas-htr-pm-unit-2103164.html</ref> It is expected to begin operating around 2017.<ref name=wnn />

HTR-10 is a derivative of [[AVR reactor]].


== See also ==
== See also ==
{{stack|{{Portal|China|Energy|Nuclear technology}}}}
*[[Pebble bed modular reactor]]
*[[Pebble bed modular reactor]]
*[[High-temperature engineering test reactor]]
*[[HTTR]]


==References==
==References==
Line 57: Line 42:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.09/china.html Let a Thousand Reactors Bloom] article at [[Wired News]].
* [https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.09/china.html Let a Thousand Reactors Bloom] article at [[Wired News]].
* April 2014: presentation given to the IAEA: [https://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloadable/Meetings/2014/2014-04-08-04-11-TM-NPTDS/2_Li01.pdf HTR Progress in China]
* April 2014: presentation given to the IAEA: [https://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloadable/Meetings/2014/2014-04-08-04-11-TM-NPTDS/2_Li01.pdf HTR Progress in China]

⚫
{{Coord|40.257169|116.149758|format=dms |type:landmark_region:CN-11 |display=title}}


{{nuclear fission reactors}}
{{nuclear fission reactors}}

Latest revision as of 01:38, 20 March 2024

HTR-10
Control room of HTR-10 reactor
Map
CountryPeople's Republic of China
Location
Coordinates40°15′26″N 116°08′59″E / 40.257169°N 116.149758°E / 40.257169; 116.149758
StatusOperational
Construction began1995
Commission dateJanuary 2003
OwnerTsinghua University
Nuclear power station
Reactor typepebble-bed reactor HTGR
Cooling source
Power generation
Units operational10 MW
[edit on Wikidata]

HTR-10 is a 10 MWt prototype high-temperature gas-cooled, pebble-bed reactor at Tsinghua University in China. Construction began in 1995, achieving its first criticality in December 2000, and was operated in full power condition in January 2003.[1]

Two HTR-PM reactors, scaled up versions of the HTR-10 with 250-MWt capacity, were installed at the Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant near the city of Rongcheng in Shandong Province and achieved first criticality in September 2021.

Development

[edit]

The Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology (INET) of Tsinghua University is the lead designer for the HTR-10 reactor. The project was approved by the State Council in March 1992. The Design Criteria and Safety Analysis Report for the HTR-10 were approved in August 1992 and March 1993. In August 1994, Siemens/Interatom reviewed the fundamental design of the HTR-10 and exchanged knowledge gained from their advanced design efforts on the HTR-MODUL with INET. Like the HTR-MODUL, HTR-10 is claimed to be fundamentally safer,[2] potentially cheaper and more efficient than other nuclear reactor designs.[3] Outlet temperature ranges between 700 and 750 °C (1,300–1,375 °F).[4][5]

HTR-10 is a pebble-bed high-temperature gas reactor utilizing spherical fuel elements with ceramic coated fuel particles. The reactor core has a diameter of 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in), a mean height of 1.97 metres (6 ft 6 in) and the volume of 5.0 cubic metres (180 cu ft), and is surrounded by graphite reflectors. The core is composed of 27,000 fuel elements. The fuel elements use low enriched uranium with a design mean burn up of 80,000 MWd/t. The pressure of the primary helium coolant circuit is 3.0 megapascals (440 psi).[4]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ HTR-10, Tsinghua University, 2010, archived from the original on 2011-09-28, retrieved 2023-02-27
  2. ^ Hu, Shouyin; Wang, Ruipian; Gao, Zuying (2004), "Safety Demonstration Tests On HTR-10", Proceedings of the Conference on High Temperature Reactors, Beijing, China: 1–16, archived from the original on 2011-07-25, retrieved 2010-04-26
  3. ^ "Evaluation of high temperatures gas cooled reactors performance: Benchmark analysis related to initial testing of HTTR and HTR-10 reactors" (PDF). IAEA. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  4. ^ a b "The High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor Test Module Core Physics Benchmarks; from google (htr-10 fuel) result 3" (PDF). 2002.
  5. ^ Key components of second HTR-PM reactor connected WNN, 25 March 2020
[edit]


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