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| Ship in service =
| Ship in service =
| Ship out of service =
| Ship out of service =
| Ship identification =*United States Official Number 220781 (1920-40)
| Ship identification =*United States [[Official Number]] 220781 (1920-40)
*United Kingdom Official Number 168179 (1940-47)
*United Kingdom [[Official Number]] 168179 (1940-47)
*Code Letters MBSN (1929-34)
*Code Letters MBSN (1929-34)
*{{ICS|Mike}}{{ICS|Bravo}}{{ICS|Sierra}}{{ICS|November}}
*{{ICS|Mike}}{{ICS|Bravo}}{{ICS|Sierra}}{{ICS|November}}
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*{{ICS|Mike}}{{ICS|November}}{{ICS|Papa}}{{ICS|Papa}}
*{{ICS|Mike}}{{ICS|November}}{{ICS|Papa}}{{ICS|Papa}}
| Ship fate = Scrapped
| Ship fate = Scrapped
| Ship status =
| Ship notes =
| Ship notes =
}}
}}
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==Description==
==Description==
The ship was built in 1920 by [[American International Shipbuilding]], [[Hog Island, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]].<ref name=Ships>{{cite book |last1= Mitchell |first1=W.H. |last2=Sawyer |first2=L.A. |year=1995 |title=The Empire Ships |page=not cited |publisher= Lloyd's of London Press Ltd |location= London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong |isbn=1-85044-275-4}}</ref> She was yard number 1540.<ref name=SBH>{{cite web |url=http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/4emergencylarge/wwone/aisc.htm |title=Hog Island Shipyard, Philadelphia PA |publisher=Shipbuilding History |accessdate=27 June 2011}}</ref>
The ship was built in 1920 by [[American International Shipbuilding]], [[Hog Island, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]].<ref name=Ships>{{cite book |last1= Mitchell |first1=W.H. |last2=Sawyer |first2=L.A. |year=1995 |title=The Empire Ships |page=not cited |publisher= Lloyd's of London Press Ltd |location= London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong |isbn=1-85044-275-4}}</ref> She was yard number 1540.<ref name=SBH>{{cite web |url=http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/4emergencylarge/wwone/aisc.htm |title=Hog Island Shipyard, Philadelphia PA |publisher=Shipbuilding History |access-date=27 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402161210/http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/4emergencylarge/wwone/aisc.htm |archive-date=2 April 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>


The ship was {{convert|390|ft|0|in|m|2}} long, with a beam of {{convert|54|ft|2|in|m|2}}. She had a depth of {{convert|27|ft|8|in|m|2}}.<ref name=Kellogg30>{{cite web |url=http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=30b1019.pdf |title=LLOYD'S REGISTER, STEAMERS & MOTORSHIPS |publisher=Plimsoll Ship Data |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref> <!-- and a draught of {{convert|xx|ft|x|in|m|2}}--> As built, she was assessed at {{GRT|5,500}}<!--, x,xxx [[net register tonnage|NRT]]-->.<ref name=SBH/><!-- Her [[deadweight tonnage|DWT]] was x,xxx.<ref name=xxxx/>-->
The ship was {{convert|390|ft|0|in|m|2}} long, with a beam of {{convert|54|ft|2|in|m|2}}. She had a depth of {{convert|27|ft|8|in|m|2}}.<ref name=Kellogg30>{{cite web |url=https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/30/30b1019.pdf |title=LLOYD'S REGISTER, STEAMERS & MOTORSHIPS |publisher=Plimsoll Ship Data |access-date=15 July 2011}}</ref> <!-- and a draught of {{convert|xx|ft|x|in|m|2}}--> As built, she was assessed at {{GRT|5,500}}<!--, x,xxx [[net register tonnage|NRT]]-->.<ref name=SBH/><!-- Her [[deadweight tonnage|DWT]] was x,xxx.<ref name=xxxx/>-->


The ship was propelled by a [[steam turbine]], driving a single screw propeller <!--of {{convert|x|ft|x|in|m|2}} diameter. The turbine was made by [[manufacturer]], [[location]]. Rated at x,xxx [[shaft horsepower|shp]], and driving the propeller at xx [[revolutions per minute|rpm]]-->, it could propel her at {{convert|11|kn|km/h}}.<ref name=Ellis>{{cite web |url=http://www.ellisisland.org/shipping/Formatship.asp?shipid=1856 |title=Vaba |publisher=Ellis Island |accessdate=27 June 2011}}</ref><!-- Steam was supplied by xxxx [[boiler]]s. Her range was {{convert|xxxx|nmi|km}}<ref name=xxx/>-->
The ship was propelled by a [[steam turbine]], driving a single screw propeller <!--of {{convert|x|ft|x|in|m|2}} diameter. The turbine was made by [[manufacturer]], [[location]]. Rated at x,xxx [[shaft horsepower|shp]], and driving the propeller at xx [[revolutions per minute|rpm]]-->, it could propel her at {{convert|11|kn|km/h}}.<ref name=Ellis>{{cite web |url=http://www.ellisisland.org/shipping/Formatship.asp?shipid=1856 |title=Vaba |publisher=Ellis Island |access-date=27 June 2011}}</ref><!-- Steam was supplied by xxxx [[boiler]]s. Her range was {{convert|xxxx|nmi|km}}<ref name=xxx/>-->


==History==
==History==
''Calaumet'' was launched in 1920, and completed that year as the [[cargo ship]] ''Vaba'' for the USSB.<ref name=SBH/> Allocated the United States Official Number 220781,<ref name=Kellogg30/> She was operated by Charbonneau Rajola Corporation, New York,<ref name=Mariners>{{cite web |url=http://www.mariners-l.co.uk/EmpireD.html |title=EMPIRE - D - E |publisher=Mariners |accessdate=27 June 2011}}</ref> until 1921 and then returned to the USSB, which had her converted to a [[tank ship|tanker]] by the Curtis Bay Copper & Iron Works, [[Curtis Bay, Baltimore]], [[Maryland]]. She was assessed as {{GRT|5037|link=off}},<ref name=Ellis/> {{NRT|3,077|link=off}} after conversion.<ref name=ID>{{cite web |url=http://convoyweb.org.uk/signal/index.html?search_all.php~signalmain |title=Signal Letters Database |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=27 June 2011}} (Enter MNPP or Empire Dolphin in relevant search box)</ref> In 1923, she was sold to the American-Italian Steamship Co Inc, [[New York City|New York]] and then resold to Tankers Corporation, New York later that year. In 1924, ''Vaba'' was sold to the Steamship Vaba Corporation, New York. She was sold to the Kellogg Steamship Corporation, New York in 1929,<ref name=Ships/> and renamed ''Ruth Kellogg''.<ref name=Ellis/> The [[Code Letters]] MBSN were allocated.<ref name=Kellogg30/> She was placed under the management of the US Tankship Corporation, New York.<ref name=Mariners/> On 8 May 1931, ''Ruth Kellogg'' caught fire {{convert|250|nmi|km}} south of [[Cape Hatteras]], [[North Carolina]], United States. The {{SS|John D. Archbold||2}} stood by, ready to assist if needed. The fire was extinguished the next day,<ref name=Times110531>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Casualty Reports |day_of_week=Monday |date=11 May 1931 |page_number=22 |issue=45819 |column=C }}</ref> and ''Ruth Kellogg'' proceeded to New York, arriving on 11 May.<ref name=Times120531>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Casualty Reports |day_of_week=Tuesday |date=12 May 1931 |page_number=26 |issue=45820 |column=D }}</ref> With the reallocation of Code Letters in 1934, ''Ruth Kellog'' was allocated KDIP.<ref name=Kellogg37>{{cite web |url=http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=37b0751.pdf |title=LLOYD'S REGISTER, NAVIRES A VAPEUR ET A MOTEURS |publisher=Plimsoll Ship Data |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref> In January 1935, ''Ruth Kellogg'' was reported to have come ashore and subsequently refloated, arriving at [[Baltimore, Maryland]] on 18 January.<ref name=Times210135>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Casualty Reports |day_of_week=Monday |date=21 January 1935 |page_number=8 |issue=46967 |column=F }}</ref> In May 1935, she was reported to have come ashore at [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], but was refloated undamaged with the assistance of a [[tugboat|tug]].<ref name=Times160535>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Casualty Reports |day_of_week=Thursday |date=16 May 1935 |page_number=10 |issue=47065 |column=E }}</ref>
''Calaumet'' was launched in 1920, and completed that year as the [[cargo ship]] ''Vaba'' for the USSB.<ref name=SBH/> Allocated the United States [[Official Number]] 220781,<ref name=Kellogg30/> She was operated by Charbonneau Rajola Corporation, New York,<ref name=Mariners>{{cite web |url=http://www.mariners-l.co.uk/EmpireD.html |title=EMPIRE - D - E |publisher=Mariners |access-date=27 June 2011}}</ref> until 1921 and then returned to the USSB, which had her converted to a [[tank ship|tanker]] by the Curtis Bay Copper & Iron Works, [[Curtis Bay, Baltimore]], [[Maryland]]. She was assessed as {{GRT|5037|link=off}},<ref name=Ellis/> {{NRT|3,077|link=off}} after conversion.<ref name=ID>{{cite web |url=http://convoyweb.org.uk/signal/index.html?search_all.php~signalmain |title=Signal Letters Database |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=27 June 2011}} (Enter MNPP or Empire Dolphin in relevant search box)</ref> In 1923, she was sold to the American-Italian Steamship Co Inc, [[New York City|New York]] and then resold to Tankers Corporation, New York later that year. In 1924, ''Vaba'' was sold to the Steamship Vaba Corporation, New York. She was sold to the Kellogg Steamship Corporation, New York in 1929,<ref name=Ships/> and renamed ''Ruth Kellogg''.<ref name=Ellis/> The [[Code Letters]] MBSN were allocated.<ref name=Kellogg30/> She was placed under the management of the US Tankship Corporation, New York.<ref name=Mariners/> On 8 May 1931, ''Ruth Kellogg'' caught fire {{convert|250|nmi|km}} south of [[Cape Hatteras]], [[North Carolina]], United States. The {{SS|John D. Archbold||2}} stood by, ready to assist if needed. The fire was extinguished the next day,<ref name=Times110531>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Casualty Reports |date=11 May 1931 |page=22 |issue=45819 |column=C }}</ref> and ''Ruth Kellogg'' proceeded to New York, arriving on 11 May.<ref name=Times120531>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Casualty Reports |date=12 May 1931 |page=26 |issue=45820 |column=D }}</ref> With the reallocation of Code Letters in 1934, ''Ruth Kellog'' was allocated KDIP.<ref name=Kellogg37>{{cite web |url=https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/37/37b0751.pdf |title=LLOYD'S REGISTER, NAVIRES A VAPEUR ET A MOTEURS |publisher=Plimsoll Ship Data |access-date=15 July 2011}}</ref> In January 1935, ''Ruth Kellogg'' was reported to have come ashore and subsequently refloated, arriving at [[Baltimore, Maryland]] on 18 January.<ref name=Times210135>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Casualty Reports |date=21 January 1935 |page=8 |issue=46967 |column=F }}</ref> In May 1935, she was reported to have come ashore at [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], but was refloated undamaged with the assistance of a [[tugboat|tug]].<ref name=Times160535>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Casualty Reports |date=16 May 1935 |page=10 |issue=47065 |column=E }}</ref>


In 1940, ''Ruth Kellogg'' was sold to the MoWT.<ref name=Ships/> She was placed under the management of Gow, Harrison & Co Ltd. The United Kingdom Official Number 168179 and Code Letters MNPP were allocated.<ref name=Dolphin40>{{cite web |url=http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=40a1068.pdf |title=LLOYD'S REGISTER, STEAMERS & MOTORSHIPS |publisher=Plimsoll Ship Data |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref> She departed from [[Curaçao]], [[Netherlands Antilles]] on 11 May for [[Kingston, Jamaica]], arriving three days later and sailing the same day for Bermuda, where she arrived on 20 May. She was a member of Convoy BHX 45,<ref name=Port>{{cite web |url=http://convoyweb.org.uk/ports/index.html?search.php?vessel=RUTH%20KELLOGG~armain |title=RUTH KELLOGG |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=27 June 2011}}</ref> which departed from Bermuda on 20 May and joined Convoy HX 45 on 29 May.<ref name=BHX45>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/bhx/index.html?bhx.php?convoy=45!~bhxmain |title=Convoy BHX.45 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=27 June 2011}}</ref> HX 45 had departed from [[Halifax Regional Municipality|Halifax]], [[Nova Scotia]], Canada on 24 May and arrived at Liverpool on 8 June. ''Ruth Kellogg'' was carrying [[fuel oil]],<ref name=HX45>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/hx/index.html?hx.php?convoy=45!~hxmain |title=Convoy HX.45 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=27 June 2011}}</ref> and was bound for [[Brest, France]], where she arrived on 7 June. She departed two days later for [[Barry, Vale of Glamorgan|Barry]], [[Glamorgan]], where she arrived on 30 June. Departing three days later, she arrived at the [[River Clyde|Clyde]] on 4 July.<ref name=Port/>
In 1940, ''Ruth Kellogg'' was sold to the MoWT.<ref name=Ships/> She was placed under the management of Gow, Harrison & Co Ltd. The United Kingdom [[Official Number]] 168179 and Code Letters MNPP were allocated.<ref name=Dolphin40>{{cite web |url=https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/40/40a1068.pdf |title=LLOYD'S REGISTER, STEAMERS & MOTORSHIPS |publisher=Plimsoll Ship Data |access-date=15 July 2011}}</ref> She departed from [[Curaçao]], [[Netherlands Antilles]] on 11 May for [[Kingston, Jamaica]], arriving three days later and sailing the same day for Bermuda, where she arrived on 20 May. She was a member of Convoy BHX 45,<ref name=Port>{{cite web |url=http://convoyweb.org.uk/ports/index.html?search.php?vessel=RUTH%20KELLOGG~armain |title=RUTH KELLOGG |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=27 June 2011}}</ref> which departed from Bermuda on 20 May and joined Convoy HX 45 on 29 May.<ref name=BHX45>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/bhx/index.html?bhx.php?convoy=45!~bhxmain |title=Convoy BHX.45 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=27 June 2011}}</ref> HX 45 had departed from [[Halifax Regional Municipality|Halifax]], [[Nova Scotia]], Canada on 24 May and arrived at Liverpool on 8 June. ''Ruth Kellogg'' was carrying [[fuel oil]],<ref name=HX45>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/hx/index.html?hx.php?convoy=45!~hxmain |title=Convoy HX.45 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=27 June 2011}}</ref> and was bound for [[Brest, France]], where she arrived on 7 June. She departed two days later for [[Barry, Vale of Glamorgan|Barry]], [[Glamorgan]], where she arrived on 30 June. Departing three days later, she arrived at the [[River Clyde|Clyde]] on 4 July.<ref name=Port/>


''Ruth Kellogg'' was renamed ''Empire Dolphin'' in 1941.<ref name=Ships/> She apparently spent the war years in home waters, although there are several large gaps in the records of her movements.<ref name=Port2>{{cite web |url=http://convoyweb.org.uk/ports/index.html?search.php?vessel=EMPIRE%20DOLPHIN~armain |title=EMPIRE DOLPHIN |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=27 June 2011}}</ref> On 2 March 1942, she was involved in a minor collision with {{HMS|Walney|Y04|6}}, which was holed above the waterline but remained operational.<ref name=Walney>{{cite web |url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-16CGC-Walney.htm |title=HMS WALNEY (Y 04) - ex-US Coast Guard Cutter |publisher=Naval History |accessdate=27 June 2011}}</ref> She served until 1947, when she was scrapped at [[Briton Ferry]], [[West Glamorgan]].<ref name=Ships/>
''Ruth Kellogg'' was renamed ''Empire Dolphin'' in 1941.<ref name=Ships/> She apparently spent the war years in home waters, although there are several large gaps in the records of her movements.<ref name=Port2>{{cite web |url=http://convoyweb.org.uk/ports/index.html?search.php?vessel=EMPIRE%20DOLPHIN~armain |title=EMPIRE DOLPHIN |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=27 June 2011}}</ref> On 2 March 1942, she was involved in a minor collision with {{HMS|Walney|Y04|6}}, which was holed above the waterline but remained operational.<ref name=Walney>{{cite web |url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-16CGC-Walney.htm |title=HMS WALNEY (Y 04) - ex-US Coast Guard Cutter |publisher=Naval History |access-date=27 June 2011}}</ref> She served until 1947, when she was scrapped at [[Briton Ferry]], [[West Glamorgan]].<ref name=Ships/>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


⚫
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ruth Kellogg}}
{{Design 1025 ships}}
{{Design 1025 ships}}
{{AIS Ships}}
{{AIS Ships}}
⚫
{{Empire D ships}}
{{1931 shipwrecks}}
{{1931 shipwrecks}}
{{1935 shipwrecks}}
{{1935 shipwrecks}}
⚫
{{Empire ships}}
{{March 1942 shipwrecks}}
{{March 1942 shipwrecks}}


⚫
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ruth Kellogg}}
[[Category:1920 ships]]
[[Category:1920 ships]]
[[Category:Hog Islanders]]
[[Category:Hog Islanders]]

Latest revision as of 07:25, 20 March 2024

History
Name
  • Calaumet (1920)
  • Vaba (1920-29)
  • Ruth Kellogg (1929-41)
  • Empire Dolphin (1941-47)
Owner
  • United States Shipping Board (1920)
  • Charbonneau Rajola (1920-21)
  • United States Shipping Board (1921-23)
  • American-Italian Steamship Co Inc (1923)
  • Tankers Corporation (1923-24)
  • Steamer Vaba Corporation (1924-29)
  • Kellogg Steamship Corporation (1929-40)
  • Ministry of War Transport (1940-45)
  • Ministry of Transport (1945-47)
Operator
  • United States Shipping Board (1920)
  • Charbonneau Rajola (1920-21)
  • United States Shipping Board (1921-23)
  • American-Italian Steamship Co Inc (1923)
  • Tankers Corporation (1923-24)
  • Steamer Vaba Corporation (1924-29)
  • US Tankship Corporation (1929-40)
  • Gow, Harrison & Co Ltd (1940-47)
Port of registry
  • United States Philadelphia, United States (1920-21)
  • United States New York (1921-41)
  • United Kingdom London, United Kingdom (1941-47)
BuilderAmerican International Shipbuilding Co
Way number1540
Launched1920
Identification
  • United States Official Number 220781 (1920-40)
  • United Kingdom Official Number 168179 (1940-47)
  • Code Letters MBSN (1929-34)
  • Code Letters KDIP (1934-40)
  • Code Letters MNPP (1940-47)
FateScrapped
General characteristics
Class and type
  • Design 1025 ship
  • (Cargo ship (1920-21)
  • Tanker (1921-47))
Tonnage
  • 5,500 GRT (1920-21)
  • 5,037 GRT (1921-47)
  • 3,077 NRT (1921-47)
Length390 ft 0 in (118.87 m)
Beam54 ft 2 in (16.51 m)
Depth27 ft 8 in (8.43 m)
PropulsionSteam turbine, driving a single screw propeller
Speed11 knots (20 km/h)

Ruth Kellogg was a 5,037 GRT tanker that was built in 1920 as the Design 1025 Hog Islander Calaumet by American International Shipbuilding, Hog Island, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States for the United States Shipping Board (USSB). Completed as Vaba, she was converted to a tanker in 1921. A sale in 1929 saw her renamed Ruth Kellogg. In 1940, she was transferred to the British Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). Renamed Empire Dolphin in 1941, she served until 1947 when she was scrapped.

Description

[edit]

The ship was built in 1920 by American International Shipbuilding, Hog Island, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[1] She was yard number 1540.[2]

The ship was 390 feet 0 inches (118.87 m) long, with a beam of 54 feet 2 inches (16.51 m). She had a depth of 27 feet 8 inches (8.43 m).[3] As built, she was assessed at 5,500 GRT.[2]

The ship was propelled by a steam turbine, driving a single screw propeller , it could propel her at 11 knots (20 km/h).[4]

History

[edit]

Calaumet was launched in 1920, and completed that year as the cargo ship Vaba for the USSB.[2] Allocated the United States Official Number 220781,[3] She was operated by Charbonneau Rajola Corporation, New York,[5] until 1921 and then returned to the USSB, which had her converted to a tanker by the Curtis Bay Copper & Iron Works, Curtis Bay, Baltimore, Maryland. She was assessed as 5,037 GRT,[4] 3,077 NRT after conversion.[6] In 1923, she was sold to the American-Italian Steamship Co Inc, New York and then resold to Tankers Corporation, New York later that year. In 1924, Vaba was sold to the Steamship Vaba Corporation, New York. She was sold to the Kellogg Steamship Corporation, New York in 1929,[1] and renamed Ruth Kellogg.[4] The Code Letters MBSN were allocated.[3] She was placed under the management of the US Tankship Corporation, New York.[5] On 8 May 1931, Ruth Kellogg caught fire 250 nautical miles (460 km) south of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, United States. The John D. Archbold stood by, ready to assist if needed. The fire was extinguished the next day,[7] and Ruth Kellogg proceeded to New York, arriving on 11 May.[8] With the reallocation of Code Letters in 1934, Ruth Kellog was allocated KDIP.[9] In January 1935, Ruth Kellogg was reported to have come ashore and subsequently refloated, arriving at Baltimore, Maryland on 18 January.[10] In May 1935, she was reported to have come ashore at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but was refloated undamaged with the assistance of a tug.[11]

In 1940, Ruth Kellogg was sold to the MoWT.[1] She was placed under the management of Gow, Harrison & Co Ltd. The United Kingdom Official Number 168179 and Code Letters MNPP were allocated.[12] She departed from Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles on 11 May for Kingston, Jamaica, arriving three days later and sailing the same day for Bermuda, where she arrived on 20 May. She was a member of Convoy BHX 45,[13] which departed from Bermuda on 20 May and joined Convoy HX 45 on 29 May.[14] HX 45 had departed from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada on 24 May and arrived at Liverpool on 8 June. Ruth Kellogg was carrying fuel oil,[15] and was bound for Brest, France, where she arrived on 7 June. She departed two days later for Barry, Glamorgan, where she arrived on 30 June. Departing three days later, she arrived at the Clyde on 4 July.[13]

Ruth Kellogg was renamed Empire Dolphin in 1941.[1] She apparently spent the war years in home waters, although there are several large gaps in the records of her movements.[16] On 2 March 1942, she was involved in a minor collision with HMS Walney, which was holed above the waterline but remained operational.[17] She served until 1947, when she was scrapped at Briton Ferry, West Glamorgan.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Mitchell, W.H.; Sawyer, L.A. (1995). The Empire Ships. London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. p. not cited. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.
  2. ^ a b c "Hog Island Shipyard, Philadelphia PA". Shipbuilding History. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  3. ^ a b c "LLOYD'S REGISTER, STEAMERS & MOTORSHIPS" (PDF). Plimsoll Ship Data. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  4. ^ a b c "Vaba". Ellis Island. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  5. ^ a b "EMPIRE - D - E". Mariners. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  6. ^ "Signal Letters Database". Convoyweb. Retrieved 27 June 2011. (Enter MNPP or Empire Dolphin in relevant search box)
  7. ^ "Casualty Reports". The Times. No. 45819. London. 11 May 1931. col C, p. 22.
  8. ^ "Casualty Reports". The Times. No. 45820. London. 12 May 1931. col D, p. 26.
  9. ^ "LLOYD'S REGISTER, NAVIRES A VAPEUR ET A MOTEURS" (PDF). Plimsoll Ship Data. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  10. ^ "Casualty Reports". The Times. No. 46967. London. 21 January 1935. col F, p. 8.
  11. ^ "Casualty Reports". The Times. No. 47065. London. 16 May 1935. col E, p. 10.
  12. ^ "LLOYD'S REGISTER, STEAMERS & MOTORSHIPS" (PDF). Plimsoll Ship Data. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  13. ^ a b "RUTH KELLOGG". Convoyweb. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  14. ^ "Convoy BHX.45". Convoyweb. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  15. ^ "Convoy HX.45". Convoyweb. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  16. ^ "EMPIRE DOLPHIN". Convoyweb. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  17. ^ "HMS WALNEY (Y 04) - ex-US Coast Guard Cutter". Naval History. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
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