Chalybion californicum: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of wasp}} |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| image = Nearctic Blue Mud-dauber Wasp imported from iNaturalist photo 222892817 on 20 March 2024.jpg |
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| image = Chalybion californicum, F, side, MD, PG County 2013-08-08-14.01.04 ZS PMax (9557305454).jpg |
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| taxon = Chalybion californicum |
| taxon = Chalybion californicum |
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| authority = ([[Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure|Saussure]], 1867) <ref name="Day">{{cite journal|first = M. C.|last = Day|year = 1979|journal = [[Biological Journal of the Linnean Society]]|volume = 12|issue = 1|pages = 45–84 |title = The species of Hymenoptera described by Linnaeus in the genera ''Sphex'', ''Chrysis'', ''Vespa'', ''Apis'' and ''Mutilla''|doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1979.tb00049.x |doi-access=free}}</ref> |
| authority = ([[Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure|Saussure]], 1867) <ref name="Day">{{cite journal|first = M. C.|last = Day|year = 1979|journal = [[Biological Journal of the Linnean Society]]|volume = 12|issue = 1|pages = 45–84 |title = The species of Hymenoptera described by Linnaeus in the genera ''Sphex'', ''Chrysis'', ''Vespa'', ''Apis'' and ''Mutilla''|doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1979.tb00049.x |doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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'''''Chalybion californicum''''', the '''common blue mud dauber''' of North America, is a metallic blue species of [[mud dauber]] wasp [[Species description|first described]] by [[Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure]] in 1867. It is not normally aggressive towards humans.<ref name="tamu"/> It is similar in shape and colour to the steel-blue cricket hunter (''[[Chlorion aerarium]]''). Like other types of wasps, males do not have an [[ovipositor]], and therefore cannot sting. It is ranged from northern Mexico to southern Canada, including most of the United States.<ref name="USFS">{{cite web |last1=Statman-Weil |first1=Zoe |last2=Wojcik |first2=Vicki |title=The Blue Mud Wasp (''Chalybion californium'') |url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/pollinators/pollinator-of-the-month/blue-mud-wasp.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814210410/https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/pollinators/pollinator-of-the-month/blue-mud-wasp.shtml |archive-date=14 August 2023 |access-date=12 February 2024 |website=U.S. Forest Service |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture}}</ref> It has also been introduced to regions including Hawaii, Bermuda, Croatia and other European countries.<ref name="Croatia">{{cite journal |last1=Mei1 |first1=Maurizio |last2=Boščík |first2=Ivo |date=2016 |title=Evidence of the introduction into Europe of the Nearctic mud-dauber wasp ''Chalybion californicum'' (de Saussure) (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) |url= http://www.sea-socios.com/Boletines/PDF/Boletin58/239-240BSEA58.pdf|journal=Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa |issue=58 |pages=239–240 |access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> |
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The '''blue mud dauber''' (''Chalybion californicum'') is a metallic blue species of [[mud dauber]] wasp [[Species description|first described]] by [[Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure]] in 1867. It is the primary predator of [[Latrodectus|black widow spider]]s.<ref name="tamu">{{cite book|url = http://insects.tamu.edu/fieldguide/cimg334.html|chapter = Mud Daubers|publisher = [[Gulf Publishing Company]]|year = 1999 |title = Field Guide to Texas Insects|first1 = Bastiaan M.|last1 = Drees|first2 = John A.|last2 = Jackman |last-author-amp=yes |accessdate = 10 July 2007|isbn = 978-0-87719-263-3|archive-date = 12 July 2007|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070712045134/http://insects.tamu.edu/fieldguide/cimg334.html}}</ref> Females build their own nests, but occasionally refurbish nests abandoned by other mud dauber wasps, particularly ''[[Sceliphron]]''.<ref name="BugGuide">{{cite web|url = https://bugguide.net/node/view/5458 |title = Species ''Chalybion californicum'' – Blue Mud Wasp|website = [[BugGuide]]|publisher = Department of Entomology, [[Iowa State University]]|date = 10 June 2017 |accessdate = 1 July 2017}}</ref> It is not normally aggressive.<ref name="tamu"/> It is similar in shape and colour to the steel-blue cricket hunter (''[[Chlorion aerarium]]''). Like other types of wasps, males do not have an [[ovipositor]], and therefore cannot sting. |
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== Behavior == |
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Females can build their own nests, but often refurbish nests abandoned by other wasps and [[bees]],<ref name="Croatia"/> particularly those of ''[[black and yellow mud dauber|Sceliphron caementarium'']]'',<ref name="BugGuide">{{cite web|url = https://bugguide.net/node/view/5458 |title = Species ''Chalybion californicum'' – Blue Mud Wasp|website = [[BugGuide]]|publisher = Department of Entomology, [[Iowa State University]]|date = 10 June 2017 |accessdate = 1 July 2017}}</ref> removing any spiders captured by ''S. caementarium'' and the larva, replacing it with an egg of its own and freshly caught spiders.<ref name="USFS"/> They go through multiple generations in a year.<ref name="tamu"/> |
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== Interaction with other species == |
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This species is most famous for its predation of [[Latrodectus|black widow spider]]s.<ref name="tamu">{{cite book|url = http://insects.tamu.edu/fieldguide/cimg334.html|chapter = Mud Daubers|publisher = [[Gulf Publishing Company]]|year = 1999 |title = Field Guide to Texas Insects|first1 = Bastiaan M.|last1 = Drees|first2 = John A.|last2 = Jackman |name-list-style=amp |accessdate = 10 July 2007|isbn = 978-0-87719-263-3|archive-date = 12 July 2007|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070712045134/http://insects.tamu.edu/fieldguide/cimg334.html}}</ref> Adults feed on the nectar of flowers, which powers their flight. They [[Insect pollination|pollinate]] some common wildflowers, including ''[[Berberis vulgaris]]'', ''[[Daucus carota]]'', and ''[[Zizia aurea]]''. Larvae are fed spiders, often ''[[Latrodectus mactans]]''. They prefer to hunt prey on the ground or under rocks.<ref name="Croatia"/> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Latest revision as of 23:53, 20 March 2024
| Chalybion californicum | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Sphecidae |
| Genus: | Chalybion |
| Species: | C. californicum
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| Binomial name | |
| Chalybion californicum | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
Chalybion californicum, the common blue mud dauber of North America, is a metallic blue species of mud dauber wasp first described by Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure in 1867. It is not normally aggressive towards humans.[2] It is similar in shape and colour to the steel-blue cricket hunter (Chlorion aerarium). Like other types of wasps, males do not have an ovipositor, and therefore cannot sting. It is ranged from northern Mexico to southern Canada, including most of the United States.[3] It has also been introduced to regions including Hawaii, Bermuda, Croatia and other European countries.[4]
Behavior
[edit]Females can build their own nests, but often refurbish nests abandoned by other wasps and bees,[4] particularly those of Sceliphron caementarium,[5] removing any spiders captured by S. caementarium and the larva, replacing it with an egg of its own and freshly caught spiders.[3] They go through multiple generations in a year.[2]
Interaction with other species
[edit]This species is most famous for its predation of black widow spiders.[2] Adults feed on the nectar of flowers, which powers their flight. They pollinate some common wildflowers, including Berberis vulgaris, Daucus carota, and Zizia aurea. Larvae are fed spiders, often Latrodectus mactans. They prefer to hunt prey on the ground or under rocks.[4]
References
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chalybion californicum.
- ^ a b Day, M. C. (1979). "The species of Hymenoptera described by Linnaeus in the genera Sphex, Chrysis, Vespa, Apis and Mutilla". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 12 (1): 45–84. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1979.tb00049.x.
- ^ a b c Drees, Bastiaan M. & Jackman, John A. (1999). "Mud Daubers". Field Guide to Texas Insects. Gulf Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-87719-263-3. Archived from the original on 12 July 2007. Retrieved 10 July 2007.
- ^ a b Statman-Weil, Zoe; Wojcik, Vicki. "The Blue Mud Wasp (Chalybion californium)". U.S. Forest Service. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 14 August 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
- ^ a b c Mei1, Maurizio; Boščík, Ivo (2016). "Evidence of the introduction into Europe of the Nearctic mud-dauber wasp Chalybion californicum (de Saussure) (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae)" (PDF). Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (58): 239–240. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Species Chalybion californicum – Blue Mud Wasp". BugGuide. Department of Entomology, Iowa State University. 10 June 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2017.