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{{Infobox ethnic group
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = '''Bhottada'''
| group = '''Bhottada'''
| image =
| image =
| total = 450,771 (2011)
| total = 450,771 (2011)
| total_ref = <ref name="census 2011">{{cite web|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|publisher=Government of India|accessdate=23 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907212310/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|archive-date=7 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
| total_ref = <ref name="census 2011">{{cite web|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|publisher=Government of India|accessdate=23 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907212310/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|archive-date=7 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
| region1 = Odisha
| region1 = Odisha
| pop1 = 450,771
| pop1 = 450,771
| ref1 = <ref name="census 2011" />
| ref1 = <ref name="census 2011" />
| languages = [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Bhatri language|Bhatri]]
| languages = [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Bhatri language|Bhatri]]
| religions = Hinduism
| religions = Autonomous Tribal Religion<ref name="scstrti-Bhottada">{{cite web | last=scstrti| first=scstrti| title=Bhottada | website=Home | url=http://www.scstrti.in/index.php/communities/tribes/91-tribes/150-bhottada | access-date=2020-06-23}}</ref>
| related =
| related =
}}
}}


The '''Bhottada''' (also known as '''Dhotada,Bhotra, Bhatra, Bhattara, Bhotora, Bhatara''')<ref name="Mhaiske Patil Narkhede 2016 p. 167">{{cite book | last1=Mhaiske | first1=V.M. | last2=Patil | first2=V.K. | last3=Narkhede | first3=S.S. | title=Forest Tribology And Anthropology | publisher=SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHER (IND. | year=2016 | isbn=978-93-86102-08-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sbs4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA167 | access-date=2020-06-23 | page=167}}</ref> is an ethnic group found mainly in many districts of [[Odisha]].<ref name="scstrti-Bhottada"/> The 2011 census showed their population to be around 450,771. They are classified as a [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribe]] by the Indian government.<ref name="census 2011"/>
The '''Bhottada''' (also known as '''Dhotada, Bhotra, Bhatra, Bhattara, Bhotora, Bhatara''')<ref name="Mhaiske Patil Narkhede 2016 p. 167">{{cite book | last1=Mhaiske | first1=V.M. | last2=Patil | first2=V.K. | last3=Narkhede | first3=S.S. | title=Forest Tribology And Anthropology | publisher=SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHER (IND. | year=2016 | isbn=978-93-86102-08-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sbs4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA167 | access-date=2020-06-23 | page=167}}</ref> is an ethnic group found mainly in many districts of [[Odisha]] and [[Chhattisgarh]].<ref name="scstrti-Bhottada">{{cite web | last=scstrti| first=scstrti| title=Bhottada | website=Home | url=http://www.scstrti.in/index.php/communities/tribes/91-tribes/150-bhottada | access-date=2020-06-23}}</ref> The 2011 census showed their population to be around 450,771. They are classified as a [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribe]] by the Indian government.<ref name="census 2011"/>


== Etymology and origins ==
== Etymology and origins ==


The name Bhottada is derived from the words ''Bhu'' meaning earth and ''Tara'', meaning chase.<ref name="Singh 1996 p.198 ">{{cite book | last=Singh | first=H.D. | title=543 faces of India: guide to 543 parliamentary constituencies | publisher=Newmen Publishers | year=1996 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YxuLAAAAMAAJ | access-date=2020-06-23 | page=198| isbn=9788190066907 }}</ref> It is said that they migrated from Bastar.<ref name="scstrti-Bhottada"/>
The name Bhottada is derived from the words ''Bhu'' meaning earth and ''Tara'', meaning chase.<ref name="Singh 1996 p.198">{{cite book | last=Singh | first=H.D. | title=543 faces of India: guide to 543 parliamentary constituencies | publisher=Newmen Publishers | year=1996 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YxuLAAAAMAAJ | access-date=2020-06-23 | page=198| isbn=9788190066907 }}</ref> It is said that they migrated from Bastar.<ref name="scstrti-Bhottada"/>


==Subdivisions==
==Subdivisions==

⚫
The tribe is divided into two divisions called ''Bada'' and ''Sana''. ''Bada''s are higher in social hierarchy, They claim to be of purer descent. The divisions are endogamous however now a days intermarriage takes place between them.<ref name="scstrti-Bhottada"/>

⚫
== Culture ==
They have a number of exogamous totemistic clans or gotras named after different animals such as tortoise, tiger, cobra, monkey, dog, lizard, goat, etc. The clan members who are of a particular animal totem respect the same animals.<ref name="scstrti-Bhottada"/>
They have a number of exogamous totemistic clans or gotras named after different animals such as tortoise, tiger, cobra, monkey, dog, lizard, goat, etc. The clan members who are of a particular animal totem respect the same animals.<ref name="scstrti-Bhottada"/>


The clans has agnatic lineages formed as local descent groups who live close to each other in villages.<ref name="scstrti-Bhottada"/>
The clans has agnatic lineages formed as local descent groups who live close to each other in villages.<ref name="scstrti-Bhottada"/>


⚫
The tribe is divided into two divisions called ''Bada'' and ''Sana''. ''Bada''s are higher in social hierarchy, They claim to be of purer descent. The divisions are endogamous however nowadays intermarriage takes place between them.<ref name="scstrti-Bhottada"/>
⚫
Marriage by negotiation is called Bibha . It is considered ideal and prestigious. It involves elaborate process and is expensive. Other ways of acquiring mates such as by elopement, by capture, by service are practised. Cross-cousin marriage, junior levirate and sororate, divorce and remarriage are permitted on reasonable grounds.<ref name="scstrti-Bhottada"/>

⚫
== Culture ==

⚫
Marriage by negotiation is called ''Bibha''. It is considered ideal and prestigious. It involves elaborate process and is expensive. Other ways of acquiring mates such as by elopement, by capture, by service are practised. Cross-cousin marriage, junior levirate and sororate, divorce and remarriage are permitted on reasonable grounds.<ref name="scstrti-Bhottada"/>


They bury their dead. They worship Hindu deities and their own pantheon includes Budhi Thakurani, Bhairabi Budhi, Pardesi, Basumata, Banadurga, etc. Their chief festibhals are ''Chait Parab'' , ''Akhiturti'',''Nua Khia''and Dussera. The traditional chief of the village is the ''Naik''. He ,assisted by ''Chalan'', ''Pujari'' and ''Gonda'' handle the community affairs. At the regional level a group of villages constitute a ''Desh'' headed by ''Bhat Naik'' and supported by ''Panigrahi'' and ''Desia Gonda'' who mitigate inter-village disputes.<ref name="scstrti-Bhottada"/>
They bury their dead. They worship Hindu deities and their own pantheon includes Budhi Thakurani, Bhairabi Budhi, Pardesi, Basumata, Banadurga, etc. Their chief festivals are ''Chait Parab'', ''Akhiturti'', ''Nua Khia''and Dussera. The traditional chief of the village is the ''Naik''. Assisted by ''Chalan'', ''Pujari'' and ''Gonda'', he handles the community affairs. At the regional level a group of villages constitute a ''Desh'' headed by ''Bhat Naik'' and supported by ''Panigrahi'' and ''Desia Gonda'' who mitigate inter-village disputes.<ref name="scstrti-Bhottada"/>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 35: Line 35:


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Scheduled tribes of India}}
{{Scheduled tribes of India}}
{{Scheduled tribes in Odisha}}
{{Scheduled tribes in Odisha}}
{{Reservation in India}}
{{Reservation in India}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]
[[Category:Social groups of Odisha]]
[[Category:Social groups of Odisha]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Odisha]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia]]

Latest revision as of 14:35, 25 March 2024

Bhottada
Total population
450,771 (2011)[1]
Regions with significant populations
Odisha450,771[1]
Languages
Odia, Bhatri
Religion
Hinduism

The Bhottada (also known as Dhotada, Bhotra, Bhatra, Bhattara, Bhotora, Bhatara)[2] is an ethnic group found mainly in many districts of Odisha and Chhattisgarh.[3] The 2011 census showed their population to be around 450,771. They are classified as a Scheduled Tribe by the Indian government.[1]

Etymology and origins

[edit]

The name Bhottada is derived from the words Bhu meaning earth and Tara, meaning chase.[4] It is said that they migrated from Bastar.[3]

Subdivisions

[edit]

They have a number of exogamous totemistic clans or gotras named after different animals such as tortoise, tiger, cobra, monkey, dog, lizard, goat, etc. The clan members who are of a particular animal totem respect the same animals.[3]

The clans has agnatic lineages formed as local descent groups who live close to each other in villages.[3]

The tribe is divided into two divisions called Bada and Sana. Badas are higher in social hierarchy, They claim to be of purer descent. The divisions are endogamous however nowadays intermarriage takes place between them.[3]

Culture

[edit]

Marriage by negotiation is called Bibha. It is considered ideal and prestigious. It involves elaborate process and is expensive. Other ways of acquiring mates such as by elopement, by capture, by service are practised. Cross-cousin marriage, junior levirate and sororate, divorce and remarriage are permitted on reasonable grounds.[3]

They bury their dead. They worship Hindu deities and their own pantheon includes Budhi Thakurani, Bhairabi Budhi, Pardesi, Basumata, Banadurga, etc. Their chief festivals are Chait Parab, Akhiturti, Nua Khiaand Dussera. The traditional chief of the village is the Naik. Assisted by Chalan, Pujari and Gonda, he handles the community affairs. At the regional level a group of villages constitute a Desh headed by Bhat Naik and supported by Panigrahi and Desia Gonda who mitigate inter-village disputes.[3]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". www.censusindia.gov.in. Government of India. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  2. ^ Mhaiske, V.M.; Patil, V.K.; Narkhede, S.S. (2016). Forest Tribology And Anthropology. SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHER (IND. p. 167. ISBN 978-93-86102-08-9. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g scstrti, scstrti. "Bhottada". Home. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  4. ^ Singh, H.D. (1996). 543 faces of India: guide to 543 parliamentary constituencies. Newmen Publishers. p. 198. ISBN 9788190066907. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
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