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Isoletta is a village in Italy, in the Valle Latina within the Arce municipality. Isoletta is located in the province of Frosinone, of the southern Lazio region in Italy.

Geography

Isoletta is located in the Frosinone province, approximately 7.36 kilometers north of Arce. It is bordered by San Giovanni Incarico to the southeast, Falvaterra to the southwest, and Ceprano to the northwest. The Liri River and Lake Isoletta, also known as Lake San Giovanni Incarico, are located in this region. The lake was created in 1925 by the Pontefiume Dam to provide water for hydroelectric power generation. Its reservoir has an abundance of aquatic vegetation due to its inflow of phosphorus- and nitrogen-rich organic material from agricultural and residential runoff.

A reserve was established in 1997 in order to protect the area's natural and historical landmarks, including Fregellae, Fabrateria Nova, and the lake of San Giovanni Incarico.

The climate is typical to the Mediterranean region: moderate wet winters and warm humid summers. Isoletta is a prime, tranquil summer destination.

History

Since ancient times, the town has been occupied by Italian people. The Aurunci were the first to occupy the town. They were then followed by the Volsci. Isoletta is known for the Roman ruins of Fregellae.^[1]

In the Middle Ages, Isoletta was known as "Insula" (Isola) and "Insula Pontis Solarati". (Isola del Ponte Solarato),^[2] The first fortification dates back to 702, when the Lombards of Benevento made settlement in order to use the land as a garrison for their raids in the Liri Valley (Arpino, Sora).

In 1046, the town was incorporated by Richard I in the heritage of the counts of Aquino. The counts of Ceccano and the Abbey of Montecassino also had lands. In 1139, Pope Innocent II declared war against the King Roger I of Sicily, and his troops destroyed Isoletta during an invasion of southern Italy.

Due to family relationships between Aquinos and Celanos, the village became entered into Celanos' possession. This occurred during a period in which the natives of Abruzzo were at the peak of their political and economic prestige. Thomas of Celano, head of the army of the Chiavesignati during the War of the Keys,^[3] organized and financed the construction of the first castle. From there, with Ruggieri dell'Aquila, he organized the siege of Arce. The Chiavesignati, having been defeated in Abruzzo, the Celanos^[4] were forced to give away all their conquests and properties beyond Marsica (Molise, Valle Latina) including Isoletta, which then became a possession of a local family, the Spinellos.

When Leonardo Della Rovere became Duke of Sora in 1465, he obtained Sora, Arce, and Isoletta as concessions. He extended the old military structure and built a real castle. For a short time, the area was under the administration of William de Croÿ, before moving to Boncompagni in 1579.^[2] After the reintegration of the Duchy of Sora in the Papal States, the Bourbons transformed the castle into a border fortress. During the unification of Italy the castle became a private property and was thereafter destroyed during the fascist period to make way for a private home.^[5]

In 1944, Isoletta was the setting of marocchinate, where Moroccans of the French Army raped and killed, primarily women. Norman Lewis, a British officer in the Battle of Monte Cassino at the time, recounted the events in a book he wrote:

"The French colonial troops are on the rampage again. Whenever they take a village or a town, a wholesale rape of the population takes place. Recently all females in the villages of Patricia, Pofi, Isoletta, Supino, and Morolo, were violated. [...] children and even old men were violated. It is reported to be normal for two Moroccans to assault a woman simultaneously, one having normal intercourse, while the other commits sodomy. In many cases severe damages to the genitals, rectum and uterus has been caused." - Norman Lewis, Naples '44: A World War II Diary of Occupied Italy^[6]

The patron saint is Santa Maria della Vittoria. For years, she was celebrated on the first Sunday of October; however, as of the early 2000s the day is now celebrated on the last Sunday of August.

Archaeology

Isoletta is an important historical center, where the remains of ancient civilizations can still be seen. The Ruins of the Roman Empire in the Fregellae archaeological complex is a center of considerable importance for the entire Bourbon period. It is located on the border between the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples, which further signifies its importance.

Inhabited since ancient times, archaeologists have discovered everything from prehistoric remains, pre-Roman, Roman ruins (Fregellae), medieval, and Bourbon. In the nearby Pofi Museum, the head of an elephant and the remains of objects of ancient civilizations are displayed. The confluence of Liri and Sacco rivers and its strategic location remains paramount toward the recognition of Isoletta.

Isoletta Castle

The Castle of the Sessile Oak of Isoletta, or Castle of the Counts of Celano (Castello Della Rovere di Isoletta or Castello dei Conti di Celano) was a former military fortification. Now destroyed, it is placed in "the defensive system of the high" Terra di Lavoro with the Boncompagni-Viscogliosi of Isola del Liri, Rocca Campolato of Rocca d'Arce, and Arce castles. Still today, the bridge over the Liri River nearby the castle is held in high regard by its native people.

Notable people

Joseph A. Trillo, American politician from Rhode Island

External links

Museo Archeologico di Fregellae (Ceprano)
A 3D navigable reconstruction of the town, by Inglobe Technologies; a video tour of the reconstruction is also available on YouTube

References

^ L'Italia antica: siti, musei e aree archeologiche (in Italian). Touring Editore. 2002-01-01. ISBN 9788836529391.
^ ^a ^b "La Ciociaria, storia, cultura, tradizione". www.laciociaria.it. Retrieved 2016-04-16.
^ Histoire de la Lutte des Papes et des Empereurs de la Maison de Souabe, de ses Causes et de ses Effets, ou Tableau de la Domination des Princes de Hohenstauffen dans le Royaume des Deux-Siciles (in French). H. L. Delloye. 1844-01-01.
^ Memorie delle famiglie nobili delle province meridionali d'Italia raccolte dal conte Berardo Candida Gonzaga: 1 (in Italian). Stab. tip. De Angelis e figlio. 1875-01-01.
^ Centra, Luigi (1996). Castelli di Ciociaria tra storia e leggenda (in Italian). Terracina: Tipografia Nuova Tirrena.
^ Lewis, Norman (2005). Naples '44: A World War II Diary of Occupied Italy. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0786714387.

Centra L., Castelli di Ciociaria tra storia e leggenda, Tip. Nuova Tirrena, 1996 Terracina (in Italian)

41°31′40″N 13°32′43″E / 41.5279°N 13.5452°E / 41.5279; 13.5452

[1] L'Italia antica: siti, musei e aree archeologiche (in Italian). Touring Editore. 2002-01-01. ISBN 9788836529391.

[:0-2] "La Ciociaria, storia, cultura, tradizione". www.laciociaria.it. Retrieved 2016-04-16.

[3] Histoire de la Lutte des Papes et des Empereurs de la Maison de Souabe, de ses Causes et de ses Effets, ou Tableau de la Domination des Princes de Hohenstauffen dans le Royaume des Deux-Siciles (in French). H. L. Delloye. 1844-01-01.

[4] Memorie delle famiglie nobili delle province meridionali d'Italia raccolte dal conte Berardo Candida Gonzaga: 1 (in Italian). Stab. tip. De Angelis e figlio. 1875-01-01.

[5] Centra, Luigi (1996). Castelli di Ciociaria tra storia e leggenda (in Italian). Terracina: Tipografia Nuova Tirrena.

[6] Lewis, Norman (2005). Naples '44: A World War II Diary of Occupied Italy. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0786714387.

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[2]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+'''Isoletta''' is a village in [[Italy]], in the [[Valle Latina]] within the [[Arce, Italy|Arce]] [[municipality]]. Isoletta is located in the [[province of Frosinone]], of the southern [[Lazio region]] in Italy.
-{{copy edit|for=grammar, the English is a bit rough in places.|date=April 2016}}
-<!-- Do not remove this line! -->
-'''Isoletta''' is a village in [[Italy]], in a region named [[Ciociaria]] within the [[Arce, Italy|Arce]] [[municipality]]. Isoletta is located in the [[province of Frosinone]], in the southern [[Lazio region]] of Italy.
 == Geography ==
 [[File:Lago di Isoletta.jpg|thumb|275x275px|Lago di Isoletta]]
-Isoletta is located in the Frosinone province, in the southern Lazio region of Italy. Isoletta is 7.36 kilometers north of Arce. It is bordered by [[San Giovanni Incarico]] to the southeast, [[Falvaterra]] to the southwest, and [[Ceprano]] to the northwest. The [[Liri River]] and Lake Isoletta, also known as Lake San Giovanni Incarico, is located in the region. The lake was created in 1925 by the [[Pontefiume Dam]] to provide water for [[hydroelectric]] power generation. The reservoir receives farm and residential runoff and has an abundant production of [[aquatic vegetation]] as a result of inflow containing organic material rich in phosphorus and nitrogen.
+Isoletta is located in the Frosinone province, approximately 7.36 kilometers north of Arce. It is bordered by [[San Giovanni Incarico]] to the southeast, [[Falvaterra]] to the southwest, and [[Ceprano]] to the northwest. The [[Liri River]] and Lake Isoletta, also known as Lake San Giovanni Incarico, are located in this region. The lake was created in 1925 by the Pontefiume Dam to provide water for [[hydroelectric]] power generation. Its reservoir has an abundance of [[aquatic vegetation]] due to its inflow of phosphorus- and nitrogen-rich organic material from agricultural and residential runoff.
-A reserve was founded in 1997 to preserve the area's natural and historical landmarks, including [[Fregellae]], [[San Giovanni Incarico|Fabrateria Nova]], and the lake of [[San Giovanni Incarico]].
+A reserve was established in 1997 in order to protect the area's natural and historical landmarks, including [[Fregellae]], [[San Giovanni Incarico|Fabrateria Nova]], and the lake of [[San Giovanni Incarico]].
-The climate is typical of the [[Mediterranean]] region. Winters are wet and not too cold, while summers are humid. Isoletta is a prime, tranquil summer destination, exemplified by the native residents who emigrated from the cities of [[Rome]] and [[Naples]].
+The climate is typical to the [[Mediterranean]] region: moderate wet winters and warm humid summers. Isoletta is a prime, tranquil summer destination.
 == History ==
 [[File:Memorial in Isoletta.jpg|thumb|Memorial in Isoletta]]
-The town has been occupied since ancient times by Italian people. The [[Aurunci]] first occupied the town, and the [[Volsci]] then settled there later. Isoletta is known for the Roman ruins of [[Fregellae]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tIDyR2RSwZQC|title=L'Italia antica: siti, musei e aree archeologiche|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Touring Editore|isbn=9788836529391|language=it}}</ref>
+Since ancient times, the town has been occupied by Italian people. The [[Aurunci]] were the first to occupy the town. They were then followed by the [[Volsci]]. Isoletta is known for the Roman ruins of [[Fregellae]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tIDyR2RSwZQC|title=L'Italia antica: siti, musei e aree archeologiche|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Touring Editore|isbn=9788836529391|language=it}}</ref>
-In the Middle Ages, Isoletta was known as "Insula" (Isola) and "Insula Pontis Solarati" (Isola del Ponte Solarato),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.laciociaria.it/comuni/arce_storia.htm|title=La Ciociaria, storia, cultura, tradizione.|website=www.laciociaria.it|access-date=2016-04-16}}</ref> and settled on an island of the Liri river. The first fortification dates back to 702, when the [[Lombards]] of [[Benevento]] settled here, a garrison for their raids in the Liri Valley ([[Arpino]], [[Sora]]).
+In the Middle Ages, Isoletta was known as "Insula" (Isola) and "Insula Pontis Solarati". (Isola del Ponte Solarato),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.laciociaria.it/comuni/arce_storia.htm|title=La Ciociaria, storia, cultura, tradizione.|website=www.laciociaria.it|access-date=2016-04-16}}</ref> The first fortification dates back to 702, when the [[Lombards]] of [[Benevento]] made settlement in order to use the land as a garrison for their raids in the Liri Valley ([[Arpino]], [[Sora, Lazio|Sora]]).
-In 1046, the town was incorporated by [[Richard I]] in the heritage of the counts of Aquino. In addition, the counts of Ceccano and the [[Abbey of Montecassino]] also had lands. In 1139, [[Pope Innocent II]] declared war against the King [[Roger I of Sicily]], and in its invasion of southern Italy, his troops destroyed Isoletta.
+In 1046, the town was incorporated by [[Richard I]] in the heritage of the counts of Aquino. The counts of Ceccano and the [[Abbey of Montecassino]] also had lands. In 1139, [[Pope Innocent II]] declared war against the King [[Roger I of Sicily]], and his troops destroyed Isoletta during an invasion of southern Italy.
 [[File:World War Memorial of Isoletta.jpg|thumb|World War Memorial of Isoletta]]
-Due to family relationships between Aquinos and Celanos, the village entered Celanos' possessions, during the period in which they, who were natives of Abruzzo, were at the peak of their political and economic prestige. Thomas of Celano, head of the anti-Swabian conspiracy of the Chiavesignati,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ocVTAAAAcAAJ|title=Histoire de la Lutte des Papes et des Empereurs de la Maison de Souabe, de ses Causes et de ses Effets, ou Tableau de la Domination des Princes de Hohenstauffen dans le Royaume des Deux-Siciles|date=1844-01-01|publisher=H. L. Delloye|language=fr}}</ref> organized and financed the construction of the first castle, and from there, with Ruggieri dell'Aquila, he organized the siege of Arce. The Chiavesignati, having been defeated in Abruzzo, the Celanos<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=_TyZF-gPSjgC&pg=PA197&dq=conte+celano&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiKl9elkpTMAhUDVRoKHTvHD5oQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=conte%2520celano&f=false|title=Memorie delle famiglie nobili delle province meridionali d'Italia raccolte dal conte Berardo Candida Gonzaga: 1|date=1875-01-01|publisher=Stab. tip. De Angelis e figlio|language=it}}</ref> were forced to give away all their conquests and properties beyond [[Marsica]] ([[Molise]], [[Ciociaria]]) including Isoletta, which became a possession of a local family, the Spinellos.
+Due to family relationships between Aquinos and Celanos, the village became entered into Celanos' possession. This occurred during a period in which the natives of Abruzzo were at the peak of their political and economic prestige. [[Thomas of Celano]], head of the army of the ''Chiavesignati'' during the [[War of the Keys]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ocVTAAAAcAAJ|title=Histoire de la Lutte des Papes et des Empereurs de la Maison de Souabe, de ses Causes et de ses Effets, ou Tableau de la Domination des Princes de Hohenstauffen dans le Royaume des Deux-Siciles|date=1844-01-01|publisher=H. L. Delloye|language=fr}}</ref> organized and financed the construction of the first castle. From there, with [[Roger of Aquila|Ruggieri dell'Aquila]], he organized the siege of Arce. The Chiavesignati, having been defeated in Abruzzo, the Celanos<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_TyZF-gPSjgC&q=conte%2520celano&pg=PA197|title=Memorie delle famiglie nobili delle province meridionali d'Italia raccolte dal conte Berardo Candida Gonzaga: 1|date=1875-01-01|publisher=Stab. tip. De Angelis e figlio|language=it}}</ref> were forced to give away all their conquests and properties beyond [[Marsica]] ([[Molise]], [[Valle Latina]]) including Isoletta, which then became a possession of a local family, the Spinellos.
-When Leonardo Della Rovere became Duke of Sora in 1465, he obtained Sora, Arce, and Isoletta as concessions. He extended the old military structure and formed a real castle. For a short time, the area was under the administration of [[William de Croÿ]], before moving to [[Boncompagni]] in 1579.<ref name=":0" /> After the reintegration of the [[Duchy of Sora]] in the [[Papal States]], the Bourbons transformed the castle into a border fortress. Becoming a private property during the [[unification of Italy]], the castle was destroyed during the [[fascism|fascist]] period to make way for a private home.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Castelli di Ciociaria tra storia e leggenda (in Italian)|last=Centra|first=Luigi|publisher=Tipografia Nuova Tirrena|year=1996|isbn=|location=Terracina|pages=}}</ref>
+When Leonardo Della Rovere became Duke of Sora in 1465, he obtained Sora, Arce, and Isoletta as concessions. He extended the old military structure and built a real castle. For a short time, the area was under the administration of [[William de Croÿ]], before moving to [[Boncompagni]] in 1579.<ref name=":0" /> After the reintegration of the [[Duchy of Sora]] in the [[Papal States]], the Bourbons transformed the castle into a border fortress. During the [[unification of Italy]] the castle became a private property and was thereafter destroyed during the [[fascism|fascist]] period to make way for a private home.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Castelli di Ciociaria tra storia e leggenda (in Italian)|last=Centra|first=Luigi|publisher=Tipografia Nuova Tirrena|year=1996|location=Terracina}}</ref>
-In 1944, Isoletta was one the places where ''[[marocchinate]]'' happened, when Moroccans of the French Army raped and killed people, primarily women. Norman Lewis, a British officer in the [[Battle of Monte Cassino]] at the time, recounted the events in a book he wrote:
+In 1944, Isoletta was the setting of ''[[marocchinate]]'', where Moroccans of the French Army raped and killed, primarily women. Norman Lewis, a British officer in the [[Battle of Monte Cassino]] at the time, recounted the events in a book he wrote:
 "The French colonial troops are on the rampage again. Whenever they take a village or a town, a wholesale rape of the population takes place. Recently all females in the villages of Patricia, Pofi, Isoletta, Supino, and Morolo, were violated. [...] children and even old men were violated. It is reported to be normal for two Moroccans to assault a woman simultaneously, one having normal intercourse, while the other commits sodomy. In many cases severe damages to the genitals, rectum and uterus has been caused."
-- Norman Lewis, Naples '44: A World War II Diary of Occupied Italy<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Norman|title=Naples '44: A World War II Diary of Occupied Italy|date=2005|publisher=Da Capo Press|location=New York|isbn=0786714387|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=bswMeFUBEfAC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A0786714387&pg=PA130#v=onepage&q&f=false|language=en}}</ref>
+- Norman Lewis, Naples '44: A World War II Diary of Occupied Italy<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Norman|title=Naples '44: A World War II Diary of Occupied Italy|date=2005|publisher=Da Capo Press|location=New York|isbn=0786714387|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bswMeFUBEfAC&q=isbn%3A0786714387&pg=PA130|language=en}}</ref>
-The patron saint is Santa Maria della Vittoria. For years, she was celebrated on the first Sunday of October; however, as of the early 2000's the day is now celebrated on the last Sunday of August.
+The patron saint is Santa Maria della Vittoria. For years, she was celebrated on the first Sunday of October; however, as of the early 2000s the day is now celebrated on the last Sunday of August.
 == Archaeology ==
-Isoletta is an important historical center, where remains of ancient civilizations can still be seen. [[Ruins]] of the [[Roman Empire]] in the [[Fregellae]] archaeological complex is a center of considerable importance for the rest of the [[Bourbon period]]. It is located on the border between the [[Papal States]] and the [[Kingdom of Naples]], further showing the importance of the place.
+Isoletta is an important historical center, where the remains of ancient civilizations can still be seen. The [[Ruins]] of the [[Roman Empire]] in the [[Fregellae]] archaeological complex is a center of considerable importance for the entire [[Bourbon period]]. It is located on the border between the [[Papal States]] and the [[Kingdom of Naples]], which further signifies its importance.
 [[File:Fregellae, Roman baths 2.jpg|thumb|Fregellae, Roman baths]]
-Inhabited since ancient times, archaeologists have discovered everything from prehistoric remains, pre-Roman, Roman ruins (Fregellae), medieval, and Bourbon. In the nearby Pofi Museum, the head of an elephant and the remains of objects of ancient civilizations are displayed. At the confluence of [[Liri river|Liri]] and [[Sacco (river)|Sacco rivers]], Isoletta has always been recognized for its strategic location.
+Inhabited since ancient times, archaeologists have discovered everything from prehistoric remains, pre-Roman, Roman ruins (Fregellae), medieval, and Bourbon. In the nearby Pofi Museum, the head of an elephant and the remains of objects of ancient civilizations are displayed. The confluence of [[Liri river|Liri]] and [[Sacco (river)|Sacco rivers]] and its strategic location remains paramount toward the recognition of Isoletta.
 == Isoletta Castle ==
-The Castle of the Sessile Oak of Isoletta, or Castle of the Counts of Celano (Castello Della Rovere di Isoletta or Castello dei Conti di Celano) is a former military fortification. Now destroyed, it was placed in the defensive system of the high [[Terra di Lavoro]] with the Boncompagni-Viscogliosi of [[Isola del Liri]], Rocca Campolato of [[Rocca d'Arce]], and [[Arce]] castles. Even today, one can admire the bridge over the Liri River, which was used by customs, near the ancient castle of Isoletta.
+The Castle of the Sessile Oak of Isoletta, or Castle of the Counts of Celano (Castello Della Rovere di Isoletta or Castello dei Conti di Celano) was a former military fortification. Now destroyed, it is placed in "the defensive system of the high" [[Terra di Lavoro]] with the Boncompagni-Viscogliosi of [[Isola del Liri]], Rocca Campolato of [[Rocca d'Arce]], and [[Arce, Lazio|Arce]] castles. Still today, the bridge over the Liri River nearby the castle is held in high regard by its native people.
 == Notable people ==
 * [[Joseph A. Trillo]], American politician from [[Rhode Island]]
-[[File:Isoletta.jpg|thumb|Castle of Isoletta]]
+[[File:Castello di Isoletta, Arce, Italia.jpg|thumb|Castle of Isoletta]]
 == See also ==
 * [[San Giovanni Incarico]]
 * [[Fregellae]]
-* [[Arce]]
+* [[Arce, Lazio]]
 * [[Ceprano]]
-* [[Ciociaria]]
 == External links ==
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060507135738/http://www.menteantica.it/fregellae.htm Museo Archeologico di Fregellae (Ceprano)]
-* http://www.ciociariaturismo.it/
+*[http://projects.armedia.it/fregellae/ A 3D navigable reconstruction of the town, by Inglobe Technologies]; a video tour of the reconstruction is also available [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0lcis9gNbM on YouTube]
 == References ==
@@ Line 59: / Line 57: @@
 {{coord|41.5279|N|13.5452|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}
-[[Category:Ciociaria]]
+[[Category:Province of Frosinone]]