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{{Refimprove|date=November 2015}}
{{Refimprove|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox rail line
{{Infobox rail line
|box_width =
| box_width =
|name = Osaka Metro Nankō Port Town Line
| name = Osaka Metro Nankō Port Town Line
|color = 00a0de
| color = {{rcr|Osaka Metro|p}}
| mapcolor = {{rcb|Osaka Metro|p|box}} [[Aqua (color)|Aqua]] (#{{rcr|Osaka Metro|p}})
|logo = 9P.png
|logo_width = 26
| linenumber = P
|image = Newtram200.jpg
| logo = Osaka Metro Nanko Port Town line symbol.svg
⚫
| logo_width = 50
⚫
|caption = A 200 series trainset in May 2016
|image_width = 250px
| image = Newtram200.jpg
|type = [[Automated guideway transit]]
| caption = A 200 series trainset in May 2016
|system = New Tram
| image_width = 250px
|locale = [[Suminoe-ku, Osaka]]
| type = [[Automated guideway transit]]
|start = Cosmosquare
| system = New Tram
|end = Suminoekoen
| locale = [[Suminoe-ku, Osaka]]
| start = [[Cosmosquare Station|Cosmosquare]]
|stations = 10
|depot = Nanko
| end = [[Suminoekōen Station|Suminoekōen]]
|stock = 200 series EMU
| stations = 10
|open = March 16, 1981
| depot = Nanko
⚫
| stock = 200 series EMU
⚫
|owner = Osaka Metro (Trade Center-mae – Suminoekoen)<br />Osaka Port Transport System Co., Ltd. (Cosmosquare – Trade Center-mae)
| open = {{start date and age|1981|03|16|df=y}}
⚫
|operator = [[Osaka Metro]] (2018–present) <br> [[Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau]] (1981–2018)
| lastextension = {{Start date and age|1997|12|18|df=y}}
|linelength_km = 7.9
| tracks = [[Double-track railway|Double-track]]
⚫
|electrification = 600 [[Volt|V]] 50 [[Hertz|Hz]] [[Three-phase electric power|3-phase]] [[Alternating current|AC]] [[Third rail]], side contact
⚫
| owner = Osaka Metro (Trade Center-mae – Suminoekoen)<br />Osaka Port Transport System Co., Ltd. (Cosmosquare – Trade Center-mae)
⚫
|speed_km/h = 55
⚫
| operator = [[Osaka Metro]] (2018–present)<br />[[Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau]] (1981–2018)
⚫
|map = [[File:南港ポートタウン線 Newtram.jpg|frameless]]
| linelength = {{cvt|7.9|km|abbr=on}}
⚫
| electrification = 600 [[Voltage|V]] 60 Hz [[Three-phase electric power|3-phase AC]] ([[third rail]], side contact)
| speed = {{cvt|55|km/h|abbr=on}}
⚫
| map = [[File:南港ポートタウン線 Newtram.jpg|frameless]]
{{routemap|inline=1|map=
{{routemap|inline=1|map=
\\\tSTR~~ ~~ ~~{{BSsplit|[[Osaka Municipal Subway]]|[[Chūō Line (Osaka)|Chūō Line]] (C10)}}
\\\tSTR~~ ~~ ~~{{BSsplit|{{ric|Osaka Metro|c|name=y}} (C10)}}
\\utKBHFa!~HUBaq\tKBHFe!~HUBeq~~0.0~~P09 {{STN|Cosmosquare}}
\\utKBHFa!~HUBaq\tKBHFe!~HUBeq~~0.0~~P09 {{STN|Cosmosquare}}
\uhtSTRe
\uhtSTRe
Line 42: Line 46:
\uhBHF~~6.7~~P17 {{STN|Hirabayashi|Osaka}}
\uhBHF~~6.7~~P17 {{STN|Hirabayashi|Osaka}}
\\uhKBHFe!~HUBaq\tKBHFaq!~HUBeq~~7.9~~P18 {{STN|Suminoekōen}}
\\uhKBHFe!~HUBaq\tKBHFaq!~HUBeq~~7.9~~P18 {{STN|Suminoekōen}}
\~~ ~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Osaka Municipal Subway|[[Yotsubashi Line]] (Y21)}}
\~~ ~~ ~~{{BSsplit|{{ric|Osaka Metro|y|name=y}} (Y21)}}
}}}}
}}}}
The {{Nihongo|'''Osaka Metro Nankō Port Town Line'''|南港ポートタウン線|Nankō Pōto-taun-sen}}, also called '''New Tram''', is an [[automated guideway transit]] line in [[Suminoe-ku, Osaka]], Japan. The line is operated by [[Osaka Metro]], and was constructed to serve as the main public transportation for newly built Osaka South Port habitations and facilities. An extension of the line from Cosmosquare to Trade Center-mae was once owned and operated by an Osaka City's subsidiary, {{Nihongo|Osaka Port Transport System Co., Ltd.|大阪港トランスポートシステム||extra=OTS}}. The operation of the section was later merged to Osaka City transportation itself to increase the number of passengers by reducing fares previously calculated separately.
The {{Nihongo|'''Osaka Metro Nankō Port Town Line'''|南港ポートタウン線|Nankō Pōto-taun-sen}}, also called '''New Tram''', is an [[automated guideway transit]] line in [[Suminoe-ku, Osaka]], Japan. The line is operated by [[Osaka Metro]], and was constructed to serve as the main rapid transit line for newly built [[Port of Osaka|Osaka South Port]] habitations and facilities. An extension of the line from Cosmosquare to Trade Center-mae was once owned and operated by a subsidiary of the City of Osaka, {{ill|Osaka Port Transport System Co., Ltd.|ja|大阪港トランスポートシステム}}. The operation of the section was later merged into [[Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau]] itself to increase the number of passengers by reducing fares and simplifying the previously separate fare structures.


==Stations==
==Stations==
Line 51: Line 55:
|-
|-
!No.
!No.
!Distance<br> (km)
!Distance<br />(km)
!Station
!Station
!Japanese
!Japanese
!Connections
!Connections
|-
|-
|{{RouteBox|P09||#00a0de}}
|{{OMSN|P|09}}
|0.0
|0.0
|{{STN|Cosmosquare}}
|{{STN|Cosmosquare}}
|コスモスクエア
|コスモスクエア
|{{ric|Osaka Metro|c|name=y}} (C10)
|{{rint|osaka|4|size=15px}} [[Chūō Line (Osaka)|Chūō Line]] (C10)
|-
|-
|{{RouteBox|P10||#00a0de}}
|{{OMSN|P|10}}
|0.6
|0.6
|{{STN|Trade Center-mae}}
|{{STN|Trade Center-mae}}
Line 68: Line 72:
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
|-
|{{RouteBox|P11||#00a0de}}
|{{OMSN|P|11}}
|1.3
|1.3
|{{STN|Nakafuto|Osaka}}
|{{STN|Nakafuto|Osaka}}
Line 74: Line 78:
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
|-
|{{RouteBox|P12||#00a0de}}
|{{OMSN|P|12}}
|2.0
|2.0
|{{STN|Port Town-nishi}}
|{{STN|Port Town-nishi}}
Line 80: Line 84:
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
|-
|{{RouteBox|P13||#00a0de}}
|{{OMSN|P|13}}
|2.5
|2.5
|{{STN|Port Town-higashi}}
|{{STN|Port Town-higashi}}
Line 86: Line 90:
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
|-
|{{RouteBox|P14||#00a0de}}
|{{OMSN|P|14}}
|4.0
|4.0
|{{STN|Ferry Terminal}}
|{{STN|Ferry Terminal}}
Line 92: Line 96:
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
|-
|{{RouteBox|P15||#00a0de}}
|{{OMSN|P|15}}
|4.8
|4.8
|{{STN|Nankō-higashi}}
|{{STN|Nankō-higashi}}
Line 98: Line 102:
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
|-
|{{RouteBox|P16||#00a0de}}
|{{OMSN|P|16}}
|5.4
|5.4
|{{STN|Nankōguchi}}
|{{STN|Nankōguchi}}
Line 104: Line 108:
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
|-
|{{RouteBox|P17||#00a0de}}
|{{OMSN|P|17}}
|6.7
|6.7
|{{STN|Hirabayashi|Osaka}}
|{{STN|Hirabayashi|Osaka}}
Line 110: Line 114:
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
|-
|{{RouteBox|P18||#00a0de}}
|{{OMSN|P|18}}
|7.9
|7.9
|{{STN|Suminoekōen}}
|{{STN|Suminoekōen}}
|住之江公園
|住之江公園
|{{rint|osaka|3|size=15px}} [[Yotsubashi Line]] (Y21)
|{{ric|Osaka Metro|y|name=y}} (Y21)
|}
|}


Line 124: Line 128:
===200 series===
===200 series===
[[File:200系各色.jpg|thumb|The fleet of seven trains in March 2017]]
[[File:200系各色.jpg|thumb|The fleet of seven trains in March 2017]]
A fleet of four-car 200 series trainsets was introduced between 2016 and March 2017, all finished in different colour liveries.<ref name="railfan662">{{cite magazine|script-title=ja: 大阪市交通局200系|trans-title= Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau 200 series|magazine = [[Japan Railfan Magazine]] |volume = 56|issue = 662 |page = 108–109 |publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location = Japan |language = ja |date = June 2016}}</ref> The first set, 01, entered revenue service on 29 June 2016,<ref name="railfan20160701">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2016/07/01/170000.html|script-title=ja: 「ニュートラム」200系が営業運転を開始 |trans-title= New Tram 200 series enters revenue service|date= 1 July 2016|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160918231026/http://railf.jp/news/2016/07/01/170000.html|archive-date= 18 September 2016|url-status=live |access-date= 17 November 2016}}</ref> followed by the second set, 02, in October 2016.<ref name="railfan20161116">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2016/11/16/150000.html|script-title=ja: 「ニュートラム」200系第3編成が試運転|trans-title= New Tram 200 series 3rd set undergoes test-running|date= 16 November 2016|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161117095421/http://railf.jp/news/2016/11/16/150000.html|archive-date= 17 November 2016|url-status=live |access-date= 17 November 2016}}</ref>
A fleet of four-car 200 series trainsets was introduced between 2016 and March 2017, all finished in different colour liveries.<ref name="railfan662">{{cite magazine|script-title=ja: 大阪市交通局200系|trans-title= Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau 200 series|magazine = [[Japan Railfan Magazine]] |volume = 56|issue = 662 |pages = 108–109 |publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location = Japan |language = ja |date = June 2016|page= }}</ref> The first set, 01, entered revenue service on 29 June 2016,<ref name="railfan20160701">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2016/07/01/170000.html|script-title=ja: 「ニュートラム」200系が営業運転を開始 |trans-title= New Tram 200 series enters revenue service|date= 1 July 2016|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160918231026/http://railf.jp/news/2016/07/01/170000.html|archive-date= 18 September 2016|url-status=live |access-date= 17 November 2016}}</ref> followed by the second set, 02, in October 2016.<ref name="railfan20161116">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2016/11/16/150000.html|script-title=ja: 「ニュートラム」200系第3編成が試運転|trans-title= New Tram 200 series 3rd set undergoes test-running|date= 16 November 2016|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161117095421/http://railf.jp/news/2016/11/16/150000.html|archive-date= 17 November 2016|url-status=live |access-date= 17 November 2016}}</ref>


{{As of|2019|07}}, the 200 series fleet consists of twenty sets (numbered 01 to 21 (excluding 13)), and formed as follows.<ref name="jrrprivate2016"/><ref name="railfan20170831">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2017/08/31/160000.html |script-title=ja: ニュートラム200系第9編成が営業運転を開始 |trans-title= New Tram 200 series set 09 enters revenue service |date= 31 August 2017|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170831082333/http://railf.jp/news/2017/08/31/160000.html |archive-date= 31 August 2017 |url-status=live |access-date= 31 December 2017}}</ref> The trains have stainless steel bodies.<ref name="jrrprivate2016"/>
{{As of|2019|07}}, the 200 series fleet consists of twenty sets (numbered 01 to 21 (excluding 13)), and formed as follows.<ref name="jrrprivate2016"/><ref name="railfan20170831">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2017/08/31/160000.html |script-title=ja: ニュートラム200系第9編成が営業運転を開始 |trans-title= New Tram 200 series set 09 enters revenue service |date= 31 August 2017|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170831082333/http://railf.jp/news/2017/08/31/160000.html |archive-date= 31 August 2017 |url-status=live |access-date= 31 December 2017}}</ref> The trains have stainless steel bodies.<ref name="jrrprivate2016"/>
Line 215: Line 219:


==History==
==History==
*March 16, 1981 – The Nankō Port Town Line from Nakafuto to Suminoekōen opened, making it the second-oldest AGT line in Japan after Kobe's [[Port Island Line]], and the first licensed application of the [[Vought Airtrans]] people mover system outside the United States.<ref>{{cite book| last1=Vuchic |first1=Vukan | title=Urban Transit: Systems and Technology |date=16 February 2007 |publisher=Wiley |publication-date=2007 |isbn=978-0471758235}}</ref> Trains run using GoA2 semi-automatic mode with driver on board, and all stations are fitted with full-height [[Platform screen doors|platform screen door]]s, a first in Osaka.
*March 16, 1981 – The Nankō Port Town Line from Nakafuto to Suminoekōen opened.
*October 5, 1993 – Operations were suspended due to an accident that occurred at Suminoekōen Station; operations resumed on November 19, 1993.
*October 20, 1991 – 100A series trains begin operations, along with fully automatic GoA4 operations.
*October 5, 1993 – Operations were suspended due to an accident that occurred at Suminoekōen Station;<ref name="交通1993-1109">{{Cite news |title=大阪市ニュートラム暴走事故 原因はリレー回路接続不良 運輸省が中間報告 ブレーキ指令伝わらず |newspaper=Kotsu Shimbun |publisher=Kotsu Shimbunsha |date=1993-11-09 |page=1 }}</ref> operations resumed on November 19, 1993 in GoA2 semi-automatic mode.<ref>{{Cite news |title=大阪市交「ニュートラム」 きょう運行再開 |newspaper=Kotsu Shimbun |publisher=Kotsu Shimbunsha |date=1993-11-19 |page=1 }}</ref>
*December 18, 1997 – The Osaka Port Transport System Co., Ltd. {{Nihongo|New Tram Technoport Line|ニュートラムテクノポート線|}} from Cosmosquare to Nakafutō opened.
*December 18, 1997 – The Osaka Port Transport System Co., Ltd. {{Nihongo|New Tram Technoport Line|ニュートラムテクノポート線|}} from Cosmosquare to Nakafutō opened.
*February 20, 2000 – Unattended GoA4 operations resume.
*July 1, 2005 – The OTS New Tram Technoport Line was merged to the Nankō Port Town Line.
*July 1, 2005 – The OTS New Tram Technoport Line was merged to the Nankō Port Town Line.


Line 223: Line 229:
*Distance: 7.9&nbsp;km (incl. former OTS Line 1.3&nbsp;km)
*Distance: 7.9&nbsp;km (incl. former OTS Line 1.3&nbsp;km)
*Power: 600 [[volt|V]] three phase [[alternating current|AC]], side contact
*Power: 600 [[volt|V]] three phase [[alternating current|AC]], side contact
*Line color: <span style="color:#00a0de;">cerulean blue</span>
*Line color: <span style="color:#{{rcr|Osaka Metro|p}};">cerulean blue</span>
*Symbol letter: P
*Symbol letter: P


Latest revision as of 11:42, 27 March 2024

Osaka Metro Nankō Port Town Line
A 200 series trainset in May 2016
Overview
OwnerOsaka Metro (Trade Center-mae – Suminoekoen)
Osaka Port Transport System Co., Ltd. (Cosmosquare – Trade Center-mae)
Line numberP
LocaleSuminoe-ku, Osaka
Termini
Stations10
Color on map     Aqua (#00A0DE)
Service
TypeAutomated guideway transit
SystemNew Tram
Operator(s)Osaka Metro (2018–present)
Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau (1981–2018)
Depot(s)Nanko
Rolling stock200 series EMU
History
Opened16 March 1981; 43 years ago (1981-03-16)
Last extension18 December 1997; 26 years ago (1997-12-18)
Technical
Line length7.9 km (4.9 mi)
Number of tracksDouble-track
Electrification600 V 60 Hz 3-phase AC (third rail, side contact)
Operating speed55 km/h (34 mph)
Route map

Legend
Chūō Line (C10)
 
0.0
 P09 Cosmosquare
0.6
 P10 Trade Center-mae
1.3
 P11 Nakafutō
Depot
2.5
 P13 Port Town-higashi
4.0
 P14 Ferry Terminal
4.8
 P15 Nankō-higashi
5.4
 P16 Nankōguchi
6.7
 P17 Hirabayashi
7.9
 P18 Suminoekōen
Yotsubashi Line (Y21)
 

The Osaka Metro Nankō Port Town Line (南港ポートタウン線, Nankō Pōto-taun-sen), also called New Tram, is an automated guideway transit line in Suminoe-ku, Osaka, Japan. The line is operated by Osaka Metro, and was constructed to serve as the main rapid transit line for newly built Osaka South Port habitations and facilities. An extension of the line from Cosmosquare to Trade Center-mae was once owned and operated by a subsidiary of the City of Osaka, Osaka Port Transport System Co., Ltd. [ja]. The operation of the section was later merged into Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau itself to increase the number of passengers by reducing fares and simplifying the previously separate fare structures.

Stations

[edit]

All stations are in Suminoe-ku, Osaka.

No. Distance
(km) 		Station Japanese Connections
 P 09  0.0 Cosmosquare コスモスクエア Chūō Line (C10)
 P 10  0.6 Trade Center-mae トレードセンター前  
 P 11  1.3 Nakafuto 中ふ頭  
 P 12  2.0 Port Town-nishi ポートタウン西  
 P 13  2.5 Port Town-higashi ポートタウン東  
 P 14  4.0 Ferry Terminal フェリーターミナル  
 P 15  4.8 Nankō-higashi 南港東  
 P 16  5.4 Nankōguchi 南港口  
 P 17  6.7 Hirabayashi 平林  
 P 18  7.9 Suminoekōen 住之江公園 Yotsubashi Line (Y21)

Rolling stock

[edit]

As of 1 April 2019, the following train types are used on the line, all formed as four-car sets.[1]

  • 200 series four-car sets (since 29 June 2016)

200 series

[edit]
The fleet of seven trains in March 2017

A fleet of four-car 200 series trainsets was introduced between 2016 and March 2017, all finished in different colour liveries.[2] The first set, 01, entered revenue service on 29 June 2016,[3] followed by the second set, 02, in October 2016.[4]

As of July 2019, the 200 series fleet consists of twenty sets (numbered 01 to 21 (excluding 13)), and formed as follows.[1][5] The trains have stainless steel bodies.[1]

Set No. Car numbers Livery Manufacture Date Notes
01 205-01 202-01 200-01 201-01   Blue[4] November 2015 Series Prototype
02 205-02 202-02 200-02 201-02   Yellow[4] October 2016
03 205-03 202-03 200-03 201-03   Pink[4] November 2016
04 205-04 202-04 200-04 201-04   Green December 2016
05 205-05 202-05 200-05 201-05   Orange[6] January 2017
06 205-06 202-06 200-06 201-06   Purple February 2017
07 205-07 202-07 200-07 201-07   Red March 2017
08 205-08 202-08 200-08 201-08   Blue July 2017
09 205-09 202-09 200-09 201-09   Yellow August 2017
10 205-10 202-10 200-10 201-10   Pink September 2017
11 205-11 202-11 200-11 201-11   Green October 2017
12 205-12 202-12 200-12 201-12   Red November 2017
14 205-14 202-14 200-14 201-14   Gold March 2018 Osaka Metro Commemorative colors
15 205-15 202-15 200-15 201-15   Pink May 2018
16 205-16 202-16 200-16 201-16   Yellow June 2018
17 205-17 202-17 200-17 201-17   Purple July 2018 Adwraped
18 205-18 202-18 200-18 201-18   Pink July 2018 Adwraped
19 205-19 202-19 200-19 201-19   White September 2018 Panda
20 205-20 202-20 200-20 201-20   Orange February 2019 Red Panda
21 205-21 202-21 200-21 201-21   Yellow February 2019 Dora


  • 200 series set 01 in May 2016
    200 series set 01 in May 2016
  • 200 series set 02 in March 2017
    200 series set 02 in March 2017
  • 200 series set 03 in June 2017
    200 series set 03 in June 2017
  • 200 series set 04 in May 2017
    200 series set 04 in May 2017
  • 200 series set 05 in May 2017
    200 series set 05 in May 2017
  • 200 series set 06 in May 2017
    200 series set 06 in May 2017
  • 200 series set 07 in May 2017
    200 series set 07 in May 2017
  • 200 series set 14 in November 2018
    200 series set 14 in November 2018

Former rolling stock

[edit]
  • 100 series (1981–2001)
  • 100A series (1991-2019)
  • A preserved 100 series car in November 2011
    A preserved 100 series car in November 2011
  • 100A series set 20 in December 2015
    100A series set 20 in December 2015

History

[edit]
  • March 16, 1981 – The Nankō Port Town Line from Nakafuto to Suminoekōen opened, making it the second-oldest AGT line in Japan after Kobe's Port Island Line, and the first licensed application of the Vought Airtrans people mover system outside the United States.[7] Trains run using GoA2 semi-automatic mode with driver on board, and all stations are fitted with full-height platform screen doors, a first in Osaka.
  • October 20, 1991 – 100A series trains begin operations, along with fully automatic GoA4 operations.
  • October 5, 1993 – Operations were suspended due to an accident that occurred at Suminoekōen Station;[8] operations resumed on November 19, 1993 in GoA2 semi-automatic mode.[9]
  • December 18, 1997 – The Osaka Port Transport System Co., Ltd. New Tram Technoport Line (ニュートラムテクノポート線) from Cosmosquare to Nakafutō opened.
  • February 20, 2000 – Unattended GoA4 operations resume.
  • July 1, 2005 – The OTS New Tram Technoport Line was merged to the Nankō Port Town Line.

Statistics

[edit]
  • Distance: 7.9 km (incl. former OTS Line 1.3 km)
  • Power: 600 V three phase AC, side contact
  • Line color: cerulean blue
  • Symbol letter: P

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nanko Port Town Line.
  1. ^ a b c 私鉄車両編成表 2016 [Private Railway Rolling Stock Formations – 2016] (in Japanese). Japan: Kotsu Shimbunsha. 25 July 2016. p. 157. ISBN 978-4-330-70116-5.
  2. ^ 大阪市交通局200系 [Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau 200 series]. Japan Railfan Magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 56, no. 662. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. June 2016. pp. 108–109.
  3. ^ 「ニュートラム」200系が営業運転を開始 [New Tram 200 series enters revenue service]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 1 July 2016. Archived from the original on 18 September 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  4. ^ a b c d 「ニュートラム」200系第3編成が試運転 [New Tram 200 series 3rd set undergoes test-running]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 16 November 2016. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  5. ^ ニュートラム200系第9編成が営業運転を開始 [New Tram 200 series set 09 enters revenue service]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 31 August 2017. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
  6. ^ 大阪市交200系第5編成が搬入される [Osaka Municipal 200 series 5th set delivered]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 22 December 2016. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  7. ^ Vuchic, Vukan (16 February 2007). Urban Transit: Systems and Technology. Wiley (published 2007). ISBN 978-0471758235.
  8. ^ "大阪市ニュートラム暴走事故 原因はリレー回路接続不良 運輸省が中間報告 ブレーキ指令伝わらず". Kotsu Shimbun. Kotsu Shimbunsha. 1993-11-09. p. 1.
  9. ^ "大阪市交「ニュートラム」 きょう運行再開". Kotsu Shimbun. Kotsu Shimbunsha. 1993-11-19. p. 1.
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