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{{Refimprove|date=January 2011}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}}
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{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
|name=John C. Flanagan
|name=John C. Flanagan
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:FlanaganJBW.jpg|thumb|alt=John C. Flanagan {{CopyrightedFreeUse-Link}}]] -->
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:FlanaganJBW.jpg|thumb|alt=John C. Flanagan {{CopyrightedFreeUse-Link}}]] -->
|birth_date=7 January 1906
|birth_date=January 7, 1906
|birth_place= [[Armour, South Dakota]]
|birth_place= [[Armour, South Dakota]], [[United States]]
|death_date=15 April 1996
|death_date=April 15, 1996 (aged 90)
|death_place= Menlo Park, Calif.
|death_place= [[Menlo Park, California]], [[United States]]
}}
}}


'''John Clemans Flanagan''', (January 7, 1906 &ndash; April 15, 1996) was a noted [[psychologist]] most known for developing the [[Critical Incident Technique]], which identifies and classifies behaviors associated with the success or failure of human activity.<ref>''The Critical Incident Technique''. John C. Flanagan, Psychological Bulletin, Vol.54, No.4, July 1954</ref> He was a pioneer of aviation psychology. During [[World War II]] Flanagan was commissioned by the [[U.S. Army Air Corps]] in 1941 to head an aviation psychology program that developed tests to help identify pilots suitable for combat missions.
'''John Clemans Flanagan''', (January 7, 1906 &ndash; April 15, 1996) was a noted [[psychologist]] most known for developing the [[critical incident technique]], which identifies and classifies behaviors associated with the success or failure of human activity.<ref>John C. Flanagan. "[http://www.apa.org/pubs/databases/psycinfo/cit-article.pdf The Critical Incident Technique]". ''Psychological Bulletin'', vol. 54, no. 4 (July 1954).</ref> He was a pioneer of aviation psychology. During [[World War II]] Flanagan was commissioned by the [[U.S. Army Air Forces]] in 1941 to head an aviation psychology program that developed tests to help identify pilots suitable for combat missions.


Flanagan was born in [[Armour, South Dakota]] on January 7, 1906, and raised in [[Seattle, Washington]]. He died on April 15, 1996 at his home in [[Menlo Park, California]].<ref>Freeman, Karen. ''John Flanagan, 90, Psychologist Who Devised Pilot Aptitude Test''. The New York Times, 1996</ref> He graduated from the [[University of Washington]] in 1929, and was the starting quarterback on the football team his senior year. He received his doctorate from [[Harvard University]] in 1934.
Flanagan was born in [[Armour, South Dakota]] on January 7, 1906, and raised in [[Seattle, Washington]]. He died on April 15, 1996, at his home in [[Menlo Park, California]].<ref>Freeman, Karen. "[https://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/28/us/john-flanagan-90-psychologist-who-devised-pilot-aptitude-test.html?scp=1&sq=John%20C.%20Flanagan&st=cse John Flanagan, 90, Psychologist Who Devised Pilot Aptitude Test]". ''The New York Times'', April 28, 1996.</ref> He graduated from the [[University of Washington]] in 1929, and was the starting quarterback on the football team his senior year. He received his doctorate from [[Harvard University]] in 1934.


In 1946, Flanagan founded the American Institutes for Research, a [[not-for-profit]] behavioral and social research organization that applied the [[Critical Incident Technique]] to education and other fields.
In 1946, Flanagan founded the American Institutes for Research, a [[not-for-profit]] behavioral and social research organization that applied the [[critical incident technique]] to education and other fields.


In 1960 Flanagan initiated [[Project Talent]], a massive survey of more than 400,000 high school students throughout the United States.<ref>''Education Talent Census''. Time Magazine, Friday, August 24, 1962</ref> To follow up on the needs revealed by Project Talent, Flanagan developed Project PLAN-Program for Learning in Accordance with Needs, an entire curriculum from grades one through twelve designed to meet the individual needs of all students. This was one of the earliest and most comprehensive individualized computer-assisted learning programs.<ref>''Program for Learning in Accordance with Needs''. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, Feb. 1968</ref>
In 1960 Flanagan initiated [[Project Talent]], a massive survey of more than 400,000 high school students throughout the United States.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20110219023615/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,896531,00.html Education Talent Census]". ''Time Magazine'', August 24, 1962.</ref> To follow up on the needs revealed by Project Talent, Flanagan developed Project PLAN — Program for Learning in Accordance with Needs — an entire curriculum from grades one through twelve designed to meet the individual needs of all students. This was one of the earliest and most comprehensive individualized computer-assisted learning programs.<ref>''Program for Learning in Accordance with Needs''. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, February 1968.</ref>


Among the honors Flanagan received were: [[Legion of Merit]] by the Army Air Corps; Raymond F. Longacre Award of the Aero-Medical Association, [[E. L. Thorndike Award|Edward Lee Thorndike Award]] of the [[American Psychological Association|APA]] Division of [[Educational Psychology]], 1976 Distinguished Professional Contribution Award of APA, [[Phi Delta Kappa]] Award for Outstanding Contributions to Education, Development and Research, [[Educational Testing Service|ETS]] Award for Distinguished Service to Measurement; Professional Practice Award of APA’s Division of Industrial/Organizational Psychology.
Among the honors Flanagan received were: [[Legion of Merit]] by the Army Air Corps; Raymond F. Longacre Award of the Aero-Medical Association, [[E. L. Thorndike Award|Edward Lee Thorndike Award]] of the [[American Psychological Association|APA]] Division of [[Educational Psychology]], 1976 Distinguished Professional Contribution Award of APA, [[Phi Delta Kappa]] Award for Outstanding Contributions to Education, Development and Research, [[Educational Testing Service|ETS]] Award for Distinguished Service to Measurement; Professional Practice Award of APA’s Division of Industrial/Organizational Psychology.

⚫
== External links ==
⚫
* [http://givingpsychologyaway.wordpress.com/2008/01/07/7-jan-08-john-c-flanaganaviation-psychology/ John C. Flanagan/Aviation Psychology - Giving Psychology Away]
* http://www.apa.org/pubs/databases/psycinfo/cit-article.pdf The Critical Incident Technique, John C. Flanagan, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 54, No.4, July 1954
* http://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/28/us/john-flanagan-90-psychologist-who-devised-pilot-aptitude-test.html?scp=1&sq=John%20C.%20Flanagan&st=cse Karen Freeman (April 28, 1996). “John Flanagan, 90, Psychologist Who Devised Pilot Aptitude Test”. New York Times.
* http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,896531,00.html Education: Talent Census, Time Magazine, Friday, Aug. 24, 1962.

⚫
The First Fifteen Years of Project Talent: Implications for Career Guidance, Flanagan, J. C., Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 22, 8-14, 1974.
⚫
* http://www.air.org/about/?fa=viewContent&content_id=181 The American Institutes for Research History Timeline


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
⚫
* Flanagan, J. C. "The First Fifteen Years of Project Talent: Implications for Career Guidance". ''Vocational Guidance Quarterly'', vol. 22, 8-14, 1974.

⚫
== External links ==
⚫
* [http://givingpsychologyaway.wordpress.com/2008/01/07/7-jan-08-john-c-flanaganaviation-psychology/ John C. Flanagan/Aviation Psychology - Giving Psychology Away]
⚫
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928234208/http://www.air.org/about/?fa=viewContent&content_id=181 The American Institutes for Research History Timeline]


{{E. L. Thorndike Award |state=autocollapse}}
{{E. L. Thorndike Award |state=autocollapse}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Flanagan, John C.}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Flanagan, John C.}}
[[Category:American psychologists]]
[[Category:20th-century American psychologists]]
[[Category:1906 births]]
[[Category:1906 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit]]
[[Category:People from Douglas County, South Dakota]]
[[Category:People from Armour, South Dakota]]
[[Category:People from Seattle, Washington]]
[[Category:Scientists from Seattle]]
[[Category:University of Washington alumni]]
[[Category:University of Washington alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni]]
[[Category:Legionnaires of the Legion of Merit]]

Latest revision as of 01:09, 31 March 2024

John C. Flanagan
BornJanuary 7, 1906
Armour, South Dakota, United States
DiedApril 15, 1996 (aged 90)
Menlo Park, California, United States

John Clemans Flanagan, (January 7, 1906 – April 15, 1996) was a noted psychologist most known for developing the critical incident technique, which identifies and classifies behaviors associated with the success or failure of human activity.[1] He was a pioneer of aviation psychology. During World War II Flanagan was commissioned by the U.S. Army Air Forces in 1941 to head an aviation psychology program that developed tests to help identify pilots suitable for combat missions.

Flanagan was born in Armour, South Dakota on January 7, 1906, and raised in Seattle, Washington. He died on April 15, 1996, at his home in Menlo Park, California.[2] He graduated from the University of Washington in 1929, and was the starting quarterback on the football team his senior year. He received his doctorate from Harvard University in 1934.

In 1946, Flanagan founded the American Institutes for Research, a not-for-profit behavioral and social research organization that applied the critical incident technique to education and other fields.

In 1960 Flanagan initiated Project Talent, a massive survey of more than 400,000 high school students throughout the United States.[3] To follow up on the needs revealed by Project Talent, Flanagan developed Project PLAN — Program for Learning in Accordance with Needs — an entire curriculum from grades one through twelve designed to meet the individual needs of all students. This was one of the earliest and most comprehensive individualized computer-assisted learning programs.[4]

Among the honors Flanagan received were: Legion of Merit by the Army Air Corps; Raymond F. Longacre Award of the Aero-Medical Association, Edward Lee Thorndike Award of the APA Division of Educational Psychology, 1976 Distinguished Professional Contribution Award of APA, Phi Delta Kappa Award for Outstanding Contributions to Education, Development and Research, ETS Award for Distinguished Service to Measurement; Professional Practice Award of APA’s Division of Industrial/Organizational Psychology.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ John C. Flanagan. "The Critical Incident Technique". Psychological Bulletin, vol. 54, no. 4 (July 1954).
  2. ^ Freeman, Karen. "John Flanagan, 90, Psychologist Who Devised Pilot Aptitude Test". The New York Times, April 28, 1996.
  3. ^ "Education Talent Census". Time Magazine, August 24, 1962.
  4. ^ Program for Learning in Accordance with Needs. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, February 1968.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Flanagan, J. C. "The First Fifteen Years of Project Talent: Implications for Career Guidance". Vocational Guidance Quarterly, vol. 22, 8-14, 1974.
[edit]
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