2014 RC: Difference between revisions

2014 RC
	2014 RC imaged by the Goldstone Radar on 7 September 2014
Discovery
Discovered by	CSS
Discovery site	Catalina Stn.
Discovery date	1 September 2014; (first observed only)
Designations
MPC designation	2014 RC
Minor planet category	NEO · Apollo
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 1 July 2021 (JD 2459396.5)
	Uncertainty parameter 3
Observation arc	18 days w/Radar
Aphelion	1.8064 AU
Perihelion	0.8211 AU
Semi-major axis	1.3138 AU
Eccentricity	0.3750
Orbital period (sidereal)	1.51 yr (550 d)
Mean anomaly	155.44°
Mean motion	0° 39m 16.2s / day
Inclination	4.5687°
Longitude of ascending node	344.91°
Argument of perihelion	71.090°
Earth MOID	0.0003 AU (0.1169 LD)
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	>22 m (largest axis)
Mean diameter	~12–25 m (est.)
Synodic rotation period	0.004389 h (15.80 s)
Spectral type	S/q
Apparent magnitude	28 (Nov/Dec 2014)
Absolute magnitude (H)	26.8

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2014 RC is a sub-kilometer near-Earth object and Apollo asteroid. The exceptionally fast rotator passed within 0.000267 AU (39,900 km; 24,800 mi) (0.1 lunar distances) of Earth on 7 September 2014. The asteroid is approximately the diameter of the Chelyabinsk meteor,^[5] and passed almost as close to Earth as 367943 Duende (2012 DA₁₄) did in 2013.

With an absolute magnitude of 26.8,^[4] the asteroid is about 11–25 meters (36–82 ft) in diameter depending on the albedo.^[6] Observations by the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility conclude the asteroid is a fairly bright Sq-class asteroid which have an average albedo of around 0.24, and would give the asteroid a spherical equivalent diameter of 12 meters (39 ft).^[5] Measurements by multiple telescopes indicate that the asteroid rotates in 15.8 seconds making it one of the fastest rotating asteroids so far discovered.^[5]^[8] Using the 15.8 second rotation period, more accurate radar observations by Goldstone shows the asteroid has a largest axis of at least 22 meters (72 ft).^[5] Due to the asteroid's fast rotation, it is a monolith and not a rubble pile.

On 8 September 2115 the asteroid will pass about 0.0053 AU (790,000 km; 490,000 mi) from the Moon.^[4] On 5 September 1973, the asteroid passed between 0.01052 AU (1,574,000 km; 978,000 mi) and 0.01207 AU (1,806,000 km; 1,122,000 mi) from Earth.^[4] 2014 RC was removed from the JPL Sentry Risk Table on 5 September 2014 and there are no known possible impact dates in the next 100 years.^[9]

2014 approach

It made a close approach to Earth of 0.000267 AU (39,900 km; 24,800 mi) (0.1 LD) around 18:02 UTC on 7 September 2014.^[4]^[10]^[11] The asteroid briefly brightened to about apparent magnitude 11.5,^[12] but it was still not visible to the naked eye or common binoculars. At the peak brightness the asteroid had a declination of –47,^[12] and was most easily visible over New Zealand. During 2014, asteroids 2014 AA and 2014 LY21 have come closer to Earth.

Asteroid 2014 RC^[11]

Path around the Sun – 3 September 2014.

Path near the Earth – 7 September 2014.

The Managua explosion on 6 September 2014 may or may not have been created by a bolide that was missed by millions of people, but either way it was not caused by the close approach of 2014 RC.^[5]

Orbital shift

During the 2014 Earth close approach the orbital period of 2014 RC was reduced from 600 days to 549 days.^[13] The orbital eccentricity decreased while the orbital inclination increased.

Parameter	Epoch	Aphelion (Q)	Perihelion (q)	Semi-major axis (a)	Eccentricity (e)	Period (p)	Inclination (i)	Longitude ascending node (Ω)	Mean anomaly (M)	Argument of perihelion (ω)
Units		AU				(days)	(°)
Pre-flyby	2014-09-01	1.9488	0.8344	1.3916	0.4004	599.62	1.4395°	345.48°	326.12°	65.879°
flyby	2014-09-07 18:02 UTC	2.0284	0.8150	1.4217	0.4267	619.17	1.4217°	345.09°	330.91°	68.602°
Post-flyby	2014-10-01	1.8042	0.8207	1.3124	0.3747	549.18	4.5744°	345.01°	340.41°	71.187°

Close-approach table

Object	Date (UTC)	Date error (hours)	Nominal distance (AU)	Nominal distance (LD)	Minimum distance (AU)	Minimum distance (LD)	Apparent magnitude (V)
Earth	1945-09-06 05:53	47.16	0.00442	1.72	0.00101	0.39	17.3
Moon	1945-09-06 14:33	52.48	0.00508	1.98	0.00103	0.40	–
Mars	1957-10-09 13:55	5.40	0.06371	24.78	0.05267	20.49	–
Earth	1973-09-05 21:42	0.62	0.01169	4.55	0.01089	4.24	19.3
Earth	1987-01-17 01:02	0.30	0.03724	14.49	0.03686	14.34	22.4
Earth	1991-09-27 05:38	1.03	0.09911	38.55	0.09878	38.43	27.0
Mars	1999-09-22 14:00	<0.01	0.03739	14.54	0.03712	14.44	–
Earth	2009-12-30 13:10	0.28	0.08634	33.59	0.08622	33.54	26.0
Moon	2014-09-07 08:47	<0.01	0.000845	0.329	0.000845	0.329	–
Earth	2014-09-07 18:02	<0.01	0.000267	0.104	0.000267	0.104	15.9
Earth	2017-09-11 13:50	0.15	0.03864	15.03	0.03850	14.98	23.3
Earth	2020-09-22 21:24	0.35	0.09908	38.54	0.09893	38.48	26.1
Earth	2039-01-21 23:38	0.13	0.06224	24.21	0.06215	24.18	24.0
Earth	2042-01-27 18:19	0.10	0.06322	24.59	0.06313	24.56	23.6
Earth	2109-09-01 16:27	0.07	0.09959	38.74	0.09945	38.69	24.7
Earth	2112-09-06 21:13	0.08	0.02253	8.76	0.02241	8.72	21.1
Moon	2115-09-08 19:11	0.15	0.00558	2.17	0.005350	2.08	–
Earth	2115-09-08 22:50	0.17	0.00785	3.05	0.00763	2.97	18.5
Mars	2140-10-13 22:42	2.85	0.07152	27.82	0.05471	21.28	–
Earth	2159-02-02 22:17	16.90	0.08084	31.45	0.05563	21.64	24.2
Earth	2162-01-19 14:04	38.85	0.09376	36.47	0.07273	28.29	25.2
Earth	2170-09-19 02:08	9.12	0.07413	28.84	0.06707	26.09	25.1
Earth	2173-09-04 16:52	1.38	0.06123	23.82	0.05950	23.15	23.5

References

^ "MPEC 2014-R23 : 2014 RC". IAU Minor Planet Center. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2014. (K14R00C)
^ "MPEC 2014-R26 : 2014 RC". IAU Minor Planet Center. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "2014 RC". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2014 RC)" (2014-09-07 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Reports of Meteorite Strike in Nicaragua and Update on Asteroid 2014 RC". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Asteroid Size Estimator". CNEOS NASA/JPL. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
^ "LCDB Data for (2014+RC)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 7 September 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Devogèle, Maxime; Moskovitz, Nicholas; Thirouin, Audrey; Gustaffson, Annika; Magnuson, Mitchell; Thomas, Cristina; et al. (November 2019). "Visible Spectroscopy from the Mission Accessible Near-Earth Object Survey (MANOS): Taxonomic Dependence on Asteroid Size". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (5): 196. arXiv:1909.04788. Bibcode:2019AJ....158..196D. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab43dd. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 202558821.
^ "Date/Time Removed". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Archived from the original on 2 June 2002. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
^ "NASA reports asteroid to pass close, but safely past Earth". clarksvilleonline.com. Clarksville Online. 4 September 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
^ ^a ^b Agle, DC; Brown, Dwayne (3 September 2014). "Small Asteroid to Safely Pass Close to Earth Sunday". NASA. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
^ ^a ^b "2014RC Ephemerides for 7 September 2014". NEODyS (Near Earth Objects – Dynamic Site). Retrieved 5 September 2014.
^ Horizons output. "Horizon Online Ephemeris System". Retrieved 7 September 2014. ("Ephemeris Type: Elements" PR value)

External links

ASTEROID 2014 RC Tracking
Close Approach of Asteroid 2014 RC (Remanzacco Observatory)
Small Asteroid Will Pass Earth Closely but Safely on Sunday (Phil Plait)
2014 RC at NeoDyS-2, Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site
- Ephemerides · Observation prediction · Orbital info · MOID · Proper elements · Observational info · Close approaches · Physical info · Orbit animation
2014 RC at ESA–space situational awareness
- Ephemerides · Observations · Orbit · Physical properties · Summary
2014 RC at the JPL Small-Body Database
- Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit viewer · Orbit parameters · Physical parameters

[MPEC2014-R23-1] "MPEC 2014-R23 : 2014 RC". IAU Minor Planet Center. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2014. (K14R00C)

[MPEC2014-R26-2] "MPEC 2014-R26 : 2014 RC". IAU Minor Planet Center. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2014.

[MPC-object-3] "2014 RC". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 7 September 2021.

[jpldata-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2014 RC)" (2014-09-07 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 7 September 2021.

[NASA185-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Reports of Meteorite Strike in Nicaragua and Update on Asteroid 2014 RC". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.

[h-6] "Asteroid Size Estimator". CNEOS NASA/JPL. Retrieved 7 September 2021.

[lcdb-7] "LCDB Data for (2014+RC)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 7 September 2021.

[Devogele-2019-8] Devogèle, Maxime; Moskovitz, Nicholas; Thirouin, Audrey; Gustaffson, Annika; Magnuson, Mitchell; Thomas, Cristina; et al. (November 2019). "Visible Spectroscopy from the Mission Accessible Near-Earth Object Survey (MANOS): Taxonomic Dependence on Asteroid Size". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (5): 196. arXiv:1909.04788. Bibcode:2019AJ....158..196D. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab43dd. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 202558821.

[removed-9] "Date/Time Removed". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Archived from the original on 2 June 2002. Retrieved 5 September 2014.

[closeapproachdate-10] "NASA reports asteroid to pass close, but safely past Earth". clarksvilleonline.com. Clarksville Online. 4 September 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2014.

[NASA-20140903-11] Agle, DC; Brown, Dwayne (3 September 2014). "Small Asteroid to Safely Pass Close to Earth Sunday". NASA. Retrieved 7 September 2014.

[NEODyS2014-12] "2014RC Ephemerides for 7 September 2014". NEODyS (Near Earth Objects – Dynamic Site). Retrieved 5 September 2014.

[Horizons-13] Horizons output. "Horizon Online Ephemeris System". Retrieved 7 September 2014. ("Ephemeris Type: Elements" PR value)

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@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
  | background      = #FFC2E0
  | image           = 2014RC Radar Sep07.jpg
- | image_size      = 250
+ | image_scale      =
  | caption         = 2014 RC imaged by the [[Goldstone Solar System Radar|Goldstone Radar]] on 7 September 2014
  | discovery_ref   = <ref name="MPEC2014-R23" /><ref name="MPEC2014-R26" /><ref name="MPC-object" />
@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 With an [[Absolute magnitude#Solar System bodies|absolute magnitude]] of 26.8,<ref name="jpldata"/> the asteroid is about {{convert|11|-|25|m|ft|sp=us}} in diameter depending on the [[Albedo#Astronomical albedo|albedo]].<ref name="h" /> Observations by the [[NASA Infrared Telescope Facility]] conclude the asteroid is a fairly bright [[S-type asteroid|Sq-class asteroid]] which have an average albedo of around 0.24, and would give the asteroid a spherical equivalent diameter of {{convert|12|m|ft|sp=us}}.<ref name="NASA185"/> Measurements by multiple telescopes indicate that the asteroid rotates in 15.8 seconds making it one of the [[List of fast rotators (minor planets)|fastest rotating asteroids]] so far discovered.<ref name="NASA185"/><ref name="Devogele-2019" /> Using the 15.8 second rotation period, more accurate [[radar astronomy|radar]] observations by [[Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex|Goldstone]] shows the asteroid has a largest axis of at least {{convert|22|m|ft|sp=us}}.<ref name="NASA185"/> Due to the asteroid's fast rotation, it is a [[monolith]] and not a [[rubble pile]].
-On 8 September 2115 the asteroid will pass about {{convert|0.0053|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=on}} from the moon.<ref name="jpldata"/> On 5 September 1973, the asteroid passed between {{convert|0.01052|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=off}} and {{convert|0.01207|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=off}} from Earth.<ref name="jpldata"/> 2014 RC was removed from the JPL [[Sentry (monitoring system)|Sentry Risk Table]] on 5 September 2014 and there are no known possible impact dates in the next 100 years.<ref name="removed"/>
+On 8 September 2115 the asteroid will pass about {{convert|0.0053|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=on}} from the Moon.<ref name="jpldata"/> On 5 September 1973, the asteroid passed between {{convert|0.01052|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=off}} and {{convert|0.01207|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=off}} from Earth.<ref name="jpldata"/> 2014 RC was removed from the JPL [[Sentry (monitoring system)|Sentry Risk Table]] on 5 September 2014 and there are no known possible impact dates in the next 100 years.<ref name="removed"/>
 == 2014 approach==
 It made a close approach to Earth of {{convert|0.000267|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=on}} (0.1&nbsp;LD) around 18:02 UTC on 7 September 2014.<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name=closeapproachdate /><ref name="NASA-20140903" /> The asteroid briefly brightened to about [[apparent magnitude]] 11.5,<ref name="NEODyS2014" /> but it was still not visible to the [[naked eye]] or common binoculars. At the peak brightness the asteroid had a [[declination]] of –47,<ref name="NEODyS2014" /> and was most easily visible over New Zealand. [[List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2014|During 2014]], asteroids [[2014 AA]] and {{mpl|2014 LY|21}} have come closer to Earth.
-{{multiple image|align=center|title=<center>Asteroid 2014 RC<ref name="NASA-20140903" /></center>|total_width=600
+{{multiple image|align=center|title=Asteroid 2014 RC<ref name="NASA-20140903" />|total_width=600
 |image1=Asteroid-2014RC-20140903b.jpg |caption1=Path around the Sun{{Snd}} 3 September 2014.
 |image2=Asteroid-2014RC-20140903a.jpg |caption2=Path near the Earth{{Snd}} 7 September 2014. }}
@@ Line 286: / Line 286: @@
   |issn       = 0004-6256
   |doi        = 10.3847/1538-3881/ab43dd
-  |arxiv      = 1909.04788}}</ref>
+  |arxiv      = 1909.04788|s2cid = 202558821 |doi-access = free }}</ref>
 <ref name=closeapproachdate>{{cite web
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 <!--use upon numbering: {{Minor planets navigator| |number=? | }} -->
 {{Small Solar System bodies}}
+{{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:2014 RC}}
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 [[Category:Radar-imaged asteroids|#]]
 [[Category:Fast rotating minor planets|#]]
-[[Category:2014 in space|20140907]]
+[[Category:2014 in outer space|20140907]]
 [[Category:Near-Earth objects in 2014|20140907]]
 [[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2014|20140901]]

v t e 2014 in space
« 2013 2015 »
Space probe launches	Chang'e 5-T1 (mission to the Moon; Oct 2014) Hayabusa2 / PROCYON (asteroid sample-return mission; Dec 2014)
Impact events	2014 AA 2014 Ontario fireball
Selected NEOs	Asteroid close approaches 2000 EM26 (163132) 2002 CU11 (388188) 2006 DP14 2007 VK184 (410777) 2009 FD 2009 RR (529366) 2009 WM1 2014 AF5 2014 DX110 2014 EC 2014 HQ124 2014 LY21 2014 OO6 2014 OL339 2014 RC 2014 SC324 2014 XL7
Exoplanets	51 Eridani b rotation of Beta Pictoris b Gliese 15 Ab Gliese 180 c Gliese 682 c Gliese 832 c GU Piscium b HIP 116454 b Kapteyn b Kepler-93b Kepler-186f Kepler-296 e f Kepler-298d Kepler-419 b c Kepler-421b WASP-104b
Discoveries	SMSS J0313−6708 Rings of Chariklo 2012 VP113 (announced) (532037) 2013 FY27 (announced) 486958 Arrokoth (2014 MU₆₉) ULAS J0015+01 Laniakea Supercluster
Novae	SN 2014J iPTF14hls
Comets	C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy) C/2014 E2 (Jacques) C/2013 UQ₄ (Catalina) C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS) C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden) C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS) C/2014 Q3 (Borisov) C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) 15P/Finlay
Space exploration	Kepler K2 mission extension (May) Rosetta/Philae (orbits/landing 67P; Aug/Nov) MAVEN (Mars orbit insertion; Sep) Mars Orbiter Mission (Mars orbit insertion; Sep) Dawn (approaches Ceres; Sep 2014 / Mar 2015) Venus Express (Venus mission ends; Dec)
Outer space portal Category:2013 in outer space — Category:2014 in outer space — Category:2015 in outer space