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{{Short description|Asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox planet
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 2014 RC
| background = #FFFFC0
| background = #FFC2E0
| name = 2014 RC
| image = 2014RC Radar Sep07.jpg
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPEC2014-R23"/><ref name="MPEC2014-R26"/>
| image_scale =
| discoverer = [[Catalina Sky Survey]] ([[List of observatory codes#700-799|703]])<br>[[Pan-STARRS]] ([[List of observatory codes#F00-F99|F51]])
| caption = 2014 RC imaged by the [[Goldstone Solar System Radar|Goldstone Radar]] on 7 September 2014
| discovered = 1–2 September 2014
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPEC2014-R23" /><ref name="MPEC2014-R26" /><ref name="MPC-object" />
| mp_category = [[List of Apollo asteroids|Apollo]], [[near-Earth asteroid|NEO]]
| discoverer = [[Catalina Sky Survey|CSS]]
| epoch = 13 January 2016 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457400.5)
| discovery_site = [[Catalina Station|Catalina Stn.]]
| observation_arc = 18 days w/[[radar astronomy|Radar]]
| discovered = 1 September 2014<br />(first observed only)
| semimajor = {{Convert|1.312251|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| mpc_name = 2014 RC
| perihelion = {{Convert|0.8206096|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| alt_names =
| aphelion = {{Convert|1.803891|AU|Gm|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| pronounced =
| eccentricity = 0.3746548
| named_after =
| period = 1.50 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (549.06 [[Julian year (astronomy)|d]])<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2014RC;cad=1#cad |title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2014 RC) |type=last observation: 7 September 2014; [[Observation arc|arc]]: 18 days|access-date=4 April 2016}}</ref>
| mp_category = [[Near-Earth object|NEO]]{{·}}[[Apollo asteroids|Apollo]]<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />
| inclination = 4.573941°
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| moid = {{Convert|0.000643292|AU|km|abbr=on}}
| epoch = 1 July 2021 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2459396.5)
| asc_node = 345.005065°
| uncertainty = 3<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />
| arg_peri = 71.17158°
| observation_arc = 18 days w/[[radar astronomy|Radar]]
| mean_anomaly = 287.9332[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| aphelion = 1.8064 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| dimensions = {{convert|22|m|ft|abbr=on}} (largest axis)<ref name="NASA185"/><br>{{convert|12|-|25|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name=AbsMagSize>{{cite web|title=JPL - Absolute Magnitude|url=http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/h.html|publisher=NASA|accessdate=4 September 2014}}</ref>
| perihelion = 0.8211 AU
| rotation = 15.8 seconds,<ref name="NASA185"/> {{Convert|0.004389|h|s|abbr=on|lk=on}}<ref name="jpldata" />
| semimajor = 1.3138 AU
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|Sq-class]]<ref name="NASA185"/>
| eccentricity = 0.3750
| density = >2.5 (assumed based on rotation/spectra)
| period = 1.51 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (550 d)
| magnitude = 11-41 <br> 28 (Nov/Dec 2014)
| mean_anomaly = 155.44[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| abs_magnitude = 26.8<ref name="jpldata"/>
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.6556604|sup=ms}} / day
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.6545|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 4.5687°
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| asc_node = 344.91°
| uncertainty = 2
| arg_peri = 71.090°
| jupiter_moid = {{Convert|3.5698|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| moid = 0.0003 AU (0.1169 [[Lunar distance (astronomy)|LD]])
| dimensions = {{val|22|ul=m|p=>}} (largest axis)<ref name="NASA185" />
| mean_diameter = {{val|12|-|25|u=m|p=~}} (est.)<ref name="h" />
| rotation = {{nowrap|{{Convert|0.004389|h|s|abbr=on|lk=on}}<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Devogele-2019" />}}
| albedo =
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]]/[[Q-type asteroid|q]]<ref name="NASA185" /><ref name="Devogele-2019" />
| magnitude = 28 (Nov/Dec 2014)
| abs_magnitude = 26.8<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />
}}
}}


'''2014 RC''' is a sub-kilometer [[near-Earth object]] and [[Apollo asteroid]]. The exceptionally [[List of fast rotators (minor planets)|fast rotator]] passed within {{convert|0.000267|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=on}} (0.1 [[Lunar distance (astronomy)|lunar distances]]) of Earth on 7 September 2014. The asteroid is approximately the diameter of the [[Chelyabinsk meteor]],<ref name="NASA185"/> and passed almost as close to Earth as [[367943 Duende]] ({{mp|2012 DA|14}}) did in 2013.
'''2014 RC''' is a small [[List of Apollo asteroids|Apollo]] [[near-Earth asteroid]] that made a close approach to Earth of {{convert|0.000267|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=on}} (0.1 lunar distances) around 18:02 UTC on 7 September 2014.<ref name="jpldata"/><ref name=closeapproachdate>{{cite web|title=NASA reports asteroid to pass close, but safely past Earth.|url=http://www.clarksvilleonline.com/2014/09/04/nasa-reports-small-asteroid-2014-rc-pass-close-safely-past-earth/|website=clarksvilleonline.com|publisher=Clarksville Online|accessdate=4 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="NASA-20140903" /> It is the [[List of notable asteroids#Fastest rotating objects|fastest rotating asteroid]] so far discovered. The asteroid briefly brightened to about [[apparent magnitude]] 11.5,<ref name="NEODyS2014"/> so it was not visible to the [[naked eye]] or common binoculars. At the peak brightness the asteroid had a [[declination]] of –47,<ref name="NEODyS2014"/> and was most easily visible over New Zealand. The asteroid is approximately the diameter of the [[Chelyabinsk meteor]],<ref name="NASA185"/> and passed almost as close to Earth as [[367943 Duende]] (2012 DA14) did in 2013. [[List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2014|During 2014]], asteroids [[2014 AA]] and {{mpl|2014 LY|21}} have come closer to Earth. 2014 RC was removed from the JPL [[Sentry (monitoring system)|Sentry Risk Table]] on 5 September 2014 and there are no known possible impact dates in the next 100 years.<ref name="removed"/> On 8 September 2115 the asteroid will pass about {{convert|0.0053|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=on}} from the moon.<ref name="jpldata"/> On 5 September 1973, the asteroid passed between {{convert|0.01052|AU|km mi|abbr=on|1k=off}} and {{convert|0.01207|AU|km mi|abbr=on|1k=off}} from Earth.<ref name="jpldata"/>
{{multiple image|align=center|title=<center>Asteroid 2014 RC<ref name="NASA-20140903" /></center>|total_width=600 |width1=1920 |height1=1080 |image1=Asteroid-2014RC-20140903b.jpg |caption1=Path around the Sun - 3 September 2014. |width2=1024 |height2=768 |image2=Asteroid-2014RC-20140903a.jpg |caption2=Path near the Earth - 7 September 2014. }}


With an [[Absolute magnitude#Solar System bodies|absolute magnitude]] of 26.8,<ref name="jpldata"/> the asteroid is about {{convert|11|-|25|m|ft|sp=us}} in diameter depending on the [[Albedo#Astronomical albedo|albedo]].<ref name="h" /> Observations by the [[NASA Infrared Telescope Facility]] conclude the asteroid is a fairly bright [[S-type asteroid|Sq-class asteroid]] which have an average albedo of around 0.24, and would give the asteroid a spherical equivalent diameter of {{convert|12|m|ft|sp=us}}.<ref name="NASA185"/> Measurements by multiple telescopes indicate that the asteroid rotates in 15.8 seconds making it one of the [[List of fast rotators (minor planets)|fastest rotating asteroids]] so far discovered.<ref name="NASA185"/><ref name="Devogele-2019" /> Using the 15.8 second rotation period, more accurate [[radar astronomy|radar]] observations by [[Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex|Goldstone]] shows the asteroid has a largest axis of at least {{convert|22|m|ft|sp=us}}.<ref name="NASA185"/> Due to the asteroid's fast rotation, it is a [[monolith]] and not a [[rubble pile]].
==Orbital shift==

During the 2014 Earth close approach the [[orbital period]] of 2014 RC was reduced from 600 days to 549 days.<ref name="Horizons">{{cite web
On 8 September 2115 the asteroid will pass about {{convert|0.0053|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=on}} from the Moon.<ref name="jpldata"/> On 5 September 1973, the asteroid passed between {{convert|0.01052|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=off}} and {{convert|0.01207|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=off}} from Earth.<ref name="jpldata"/> 2014 RC was removed from the JPL [[Sentry (monitoring system)|Sentry Risk Table]] on 5 September 2014 and there are no known possible impact dates in the next 100 years.<ref name="removed"/>
|author=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|Horizons]] output

|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2014RC
== 2014 approach==
|title=Horizon Online Ephemeris System
It made a close approach to Earth of {{convert|0.000267|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=on}} (0.1&nbsp;LD) around 18:02 UTC on 7 September 2014.<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name=closeapproachdate /><ref name="NASA-20140903" /> The asteroid briefly brightened to about [[apparent magnitude]] 11.5,<ref name="NEODyS2014" /> but it was still not visible to the [[naked eye]] or common binoculars. At the peak brightness the asteroid had a [[declination]] of –47,<ref name="NEODyS2014" /> and was most easily visible over New Zealand. [[List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2014|During 2014]], asteroids [[2014 AA]] and {{mpl|2014 LY|21}} have come closer to Earth.
|accessdate=7 September 2014}} ("Ephemeris Type: Elements" PR value)</ref> The [[orbital eccentricity]] decreased while the [[orbital inclination]] increased.

{{multiple image|align=center|title=Asteroid 2014 RC<ref name="NASA-20140903" />|total_width=600
|image1=Asteroid-2014RC-20140903b.jpg |caption1=Path around the Sun{{Snd}} 3 September 2014.
|image2=Asteroid-2014RC-20140903a.jpg |caption2=Path near the Earth{{Snd}} 7 September 2014. }}

The [[Managua event|Managua explosion]] on 6 September 2014 may or may not have been created by a [[bolide]] that was missed by millions of people, but either way it was not caused by the close approach of 2014 RC.<ref name="NASA185" />

== Orbital shift ==

During the 2014 Earth close approach the [[orbital period]] of 2014 RC was reduced from 600 days to 549 days.<ref name="Horizons" /> The [[orbital eccentricity]] decreased while the [[orbital inclination]] increased.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! width= 70|Parameter
! width= 70|Parameter
! width= 80|[[Epoch (astronomy)|Epoch]]
! width= 80|[[Epoch (astronomy)|Epoch]]
! width= 60|[[Apsis|Aphelion]]<BR>(Q)
! width= 60|[[Apsis|Aphelion]]<br />(Q)
! width= 60|[[Apsis|Perihelion]]<BR>(q)
! width= 60|[[Apsis|Perihelion]]<br />(q)
! width=100|[[Semi-major axis]]<BR>(a)
! width=100|[[Semi-major axis]]<br />(a)
! width= 60|[[Orbital eccentricity|Eccentricity]]<BR>(e)
! width= 60|[[Orbital eccentricity|Eccentricity]]<br />(e)
! width= 60|[[Orbital period|Period]]<BR>(p)
! width= 60|[[Orbital period|Period]]<br />(p)
! width= 60|[[Orbital inclination|Inclination]]<BR>(i)
! width= 60|[[Orbital inclination|Inclination]]<br />(i)
! width=170|[[Longitude of the ascending node|Longitude ascending node]]<BR>(Ω)
! width=170|[[Longitude of the ascending node|Longitude ascending node]]<br />(Ω)
! width=100|[[Mean anomaly]]<BR>(M)
! width=100|[[Mean anomaly]]<br />(M)
! width=150|[[Argument of periapsis|Argument of perihelion]]<BR>(ω)
! width=150|[[Argument of periapsis|Argument of perihelion]]<br />(ω)
|-
|-
! Units
! Units
Line 62: Line 80:
|- align=center
|- align=center
!Pre-flyby
!Pre-flyby
| 2014-Sep-01
| 2014-09-01
| 1.9488
| 1.9488
| 0.8344
| 0.8344
Line 74: Line 92:
|- align=center
|- align=center
! flyby
! flyby
| 2014-Sep-07 18:02 UTC
| 2014-09-07 18:02 UTC
| 2.0284
| 2.0284
| 0.8150
| 0.8150
Line 86: Line 104:
|- align=center
|- align=center
! Post-flyby
! Post-flyby
| 2014-Oct-01
| 2014-10-01
| 1.8042
| 1.8042
| 0.8207
| 0.8207
Line 98: Line 116:
|}
|}


== Close-approach table ==
== Physical characteristics ==
With an [[Absolute magnitude#Solar System bodies|absolute magnitude]] of 26.8,<ref name="jpldata"/> the asteroid is about {{convert|11|-|25|m|ft|sp=us}} in diameter depending on the [[Albedo#Astronomical albedo|albedo]].<ref name=AbsMagSize/> Observations by the [[NASA Infrared Telescope Facility]] conclude the asteroid is a fairly bright [[S-type asteroid|Sq-class asteroid]] which have an average albedo of around 0.24, and would give the asteroid a spherical equivalent diameter of {{convert|12|m|ft|sp=us}}.<ref name="NASA185"/> Measurements by multiple telescopes indicate that the asteroid rotates in 15.8 seconds making it the [[List of notable asteroids#Fastest rotating objects|fastest rotating asteroid]] so far discovered.<ref name="NASA185"/> Using the 15.8 second rotation period, more accurate [[radar astronomy|radar]] observations by [[Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex|Goldstone]] shows the asteroid has a largest axis of at least {{convert|22|m|ft|sp=us}}.<ref name="NASA185"/> Due to the asteroid's fast rotation, it is a [[monolith]] and not a [[rubble pile]].

The [[Managua event|Managua explosion]] on 6 September 2014 may or may not have been created by a [[bolide]] that was missed by millions of people, but either way it was not caused by the close approach of 2014 RC.<ref name="NASA185"/>

==Close-approach table==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Object
! Object
! Date
! Date (UTC)
! Date error (hours)
! Date<br />error<br />(hours)
! nominal distance (AU)
! Nominal<br />distance<br />(AU)
! nominal distance (LD)
! class="unsortable" | Nominal<br />distance<br />(LD)
! minimum distance (AU)
! Minimum<br />distance<br />(AU)
! minimum distance (LD)
! class="unsortable" | Minimum<br />distance<br />(LD)
! apparent magnitude (V)
! Apparent<br />magnitude<br />(V)
|-
|-
| Earth || 1945/09/06 05:53 || 47.16 || 0.00442 || 1.72 || 0.00101 || 0.39 || 17.3
| Earth || 1945-09-06 05:53 || 47.16 || 0.00442 || 1.72 || 0.00101 || 0.39 || 17.3
|-
|-
| Moon || 1945/09/06 14:33 || 52.48 || 0.00508 || 1.98 || 0.00103 || 0.40 || -
| Moon || 1945-09-06 14:33 || 52.48 || 0.00508 || 1.98 || 0.00103 || 0.40 || –
|-
|-
| Mars || 1957/10/09 13:55 || 5.40 || 0.06371 || 24.78 || 0.05267 || 20.49 || -
| Mars || 1957-10-09 13:55 || 5.40 || 0.06371 || 24.78 || 0.05267 || 20.49 || –
|-
|-
| Earth || 1973/09/05 21:42 || 0.62 || 0.01169 || 4.55 || 0.01089 || 4.24 || 19.3
| Earth || 1973-09-05 21:42 || 0.62 || 0.01169 || 4.55 || 0.01089 || 4.24 || 19.3
|-
|-
| Earth || 1987/01/17 01:02 || 0.30 || 0.03724 || 14.49 || 0.03686 || 14.34 || 22.4
| Earth || 1987-01-17 01:02 || 0.30 || 0.03724 || 14.49 || 0.03686 || 14.34 || 22.4
|-
|-
| Earth || 1991/09/27 05:38 || 1.03 || 0.09911 || 38.55 || 0.09878 || 38.43 || 27.0
| Earth || 1991-09-27 05:38 || 1.03 || 0.09911 || 38.55 || 0.09878 || 38.43 || 27.0
|-
|-
| Mars || 1999/09/22 14:00 || {{sort|0.01|<0.01}} || 0.03739 || 14.54 || 0.03712 || 14.44 || -
| Mars || 1999-09-22 14:00 || {{sort|0.01|<0.01}} || 0.03739 || 14.54 || 0.03712 || 14.44 || –
|-
|-
| Earth || 2009/12/30 13:10 || 0.28 || 0.08634 || 33.59 || 0.08622 || 33.54 || 26.0
| Earth || 2009-12-30 13:10 || 0.28 || 0.08634 || 33.59 || 0.08622 || 33.54 || 26.0
|-
|-
| Moon || 2014/09/07 08:47 || {{sort|0.01|<0.01}} || 0.000845 || 0.329 || 0.000845 || 0.329 || -
| Moon || 2014-09-07 08:47 || {{sort|0.01|<0.01}} || 0.000845 || 0.329 || 0.000845 || 0.329 || –
|-
|-
| Earth || 2014/09/07 18:02 || {{sort|0.01|<0.01}} || 0.000267 || 0.104 || 0.000267 || 0.104 || 15.9
| Earth || 2014-09-07 18:02 || {{sort|0.01|<0.01}} || 0.000267 || 0.104 || 0.000267 || 0.104 || 15.9
|-
|-
| Earth || 2017/09/11 13:50 || 0.15 || 0.03864 || 15.03 || 0.03850 || 14.98 || 23.3
| Earth || 2017-09-11 13:50 || 0.15 || 0.03864 || 15.03 || 0.03850 || 14.98 || 23.3
|-
|-
| Earth || 2020/09/22 21:24 || 0.35 || 0.09908 || 38.54 || 0.09893 || 38.48 || 26.1
| Earth || 2020-09-22 21:24 || 0.35 || 0.09908 || 38.54 || 0.09893 || 38.48 || 26.1
|-
|-
| Earth || 2039/01/21 23:38 || 0.13 || 0.06224 || 24.21 || 0.06215 || 24.18 || 24.0
| Earth || 2039-01-21 23:38 || 0.13 || 0.06224 || 24.21 || 0.06215 || 24.18 || 24.0
|-
|-
| Earth || 2042/01/27 18:19 || 0.10 || 0.06322 || 24.59 || 0.06313 || 24.56 || 23.6
| Earth || 2042-01-27 18:19 || 0.10 || 0.06322 || 24.59 || 0.06313 || 24.56 || 23.6
|-
|-
| Earth || 2109/09/01 16:27 || 0.07 || 0.09959 || 38.74 || 0.09945 || 38.69 || 24.7
| Earth || 2109-09-01 16:27 || 0.07 || 0.09959 || 38.74 || 0.09945 || 38.69 || 24.7
|-
|-
| Earth || 2112/09/06 21:13 || 0.08 || 0.02253 || 8.76 || 0.02241 || 8.72 || 21.1
| Earth || 2112-09-06 21:13 || 0.08 || 0.02253 || 8.76 || 0.02241 || 8.72 || 21.1
|-
|-
| Moon || 2115/09/08 19:11 || 0.15 || 0.00558 || 2.17 || 0.005350 || 2.08 || -
| Moon || 2115-09-08 19:11 || 0.15 || 0.00558 || 2.17 || 0.005350 || 2.08 || –
|-
|-
| Earth || 2115/09/08 22:50 || 0.17 || 0.00785 || 3.05 || 0.00763 || 2.97 || 18.5
| Earth || 2115-09-08 22:50 || 0.17 || 0.00785 || 3.05 || 0.00763 || 2.97 || 18.5
|-
|-
| Mars || 2140/10/13 22:42 || 2.85 || 0.07152 || 27.82 || 0.05471 || 21.28 || -
| Mars || 2140-10-13 22:42 || 2.85 || 0.07152 || 27.82 || 0.05471 || 21.28 || –
|-
|-
| Earth || 2159/02/02 22:17 || 16.90 || 0.08084 || 31.45 || 0.05563 || 21.64 || 24.2
| Earth || 2159-02-02 22:17 || 16.90 || 0.08084 || 31.45 || 0.05563 || 21.64 || 24.2
|-
|-
| Earth || 2162/01/19 14:04 || 38.85 || 0.09376 || 36.47 || 0.07273 || 28.29 || 25.2
| Earth || 2162-01-19 14:04 || 38.85 || 0.09376 || 36.47 || 0.07273 || 28.29 || 25.2
|-
|-
| Earth || 2170/09/19 02:08 || 9.12 || 0.07413 || 28.84 || 0.06707 || 26.09 || 25.1
| Earth || 2170-09-19 02:08 || 9.12 || 0.07413 || 28.84 || 0.06707 || 26.09 || 25.1
|-
|-
| Earth || 2173/09/04 16:52 || 1.38 || 0.06123 || 23.82 || 0.05950 || 23.15 || 23.5
| Earth || 2173-09-04 16:52 || 1.38 || 0.06123 || 23.82 || 0.05950 || 23.15 || 23.5
|}
|}


==References==
==See also==
*[[List of fast rotators (minor planets)]]
{{reflist

| refs =
== References ==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2014-09-07 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2014 RC)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=3685273
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|access-date= 7 September 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="Horizons">{{cite web
|author = [[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|Horizons]] output
|url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2014RC
|title = Horizon Online Ephemeris System
|access-date= 7 September 2014}} ("Ephemeris Type: Elements" PR value)</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 2014 RC
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2014+RC
|access-date= 7 September 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (2014+RC)
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=2014+RC
|access-date= 7 September 2021}}</ref>


<ref name="MPEC2014-R23">{{cite web
<ref name="MPEC2014-R23">{{cite web
|title=MPEC 2014-R23 : 2014 RC
|title = MPEC 2014-R23 : 2014 RC
|publisher=IAU Minor Planet Center
|publisher = [[IAU Minor Planet Center]]
|date=3 September 2014
|date = 3 September 2014
|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K14/K14R23.html
|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K14/K14R23.html
|accessdate=5 September 2014}} (K14R00C)</ref>
|access-date= 5 September 2014}} (K14R00C)</ref>


<ref name="MPEC2014-R26">{{cite web
<ref name="MPEC2014-R26">{{cite web
|title=MPEC 2014-R26 : 2014 RC
|title = MPEC 2014-R26 : 2014 RC
|publisher=IAU Minor Planet Center
|publisher = IAU Minor Planet Center
|date=3 September 2014
|date = 3 September 2014
|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K14/K14R26.html
|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K14/K14R26.html
|accessdate=5 September 2014}}</ref>
|access-date= 5 September 2014}}</ref>


<ref name="NEODyS2014">{{cite web
<ref name="NEODyS2014">{{cite web
|title=2014RC Ephemerides for 7 September 2014
|title = 2014RC Ephemerides for 7 September 2014
|publisher=[[NEODyS]] (Near Earth Objects – Dynamic Site)
|publisher = [[NEODyS]] (Near Earth Objects{{Snd}} Dynamic Site)
|url=http://newton.dm.unipi.it/neodys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.1&n=2014RC&oc=500&y0=2014&m0=9&d0=7&h0=0&mi0=0&y1=2014&m1=9&d1=8&h1=0&mi1=0&ti=15.0&tiu=minutes
|url = https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.1&n=2014RC&oc=500&y0=2014&m0=9&d0=7&h0=0&mi0=0&y1=2014&m1=9&d1=8&h1=0&mi1=0&ti=15.0&tiu=minutes
|accessdate=5 September 2014}}</ref>
|access-date= 5 September 2014}}</ref>


<ref name="removed">{{cite web
<ref name="removed">{{cite web
|title=Date/Time Removed
|title = Date/Time Removed
|publisher=NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office
|publisher = NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office
|url=http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/removed.html
|url = http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/removed.html
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20020602101400/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/removed.html
|accessdate=5 September 2014}}</ref>
|url-status = dead
|archive-date=2 June 2002
|access-date= 5 September 2014}}</ref>


<ref name="NASA-20140903">{{cite web |last=Agle |first=DC |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |title=Small Asteroid to Safely Pass Close to Earth Sunday |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-295 |date=3 September 2014 |work=[[NASA]] |accessdate=7 September 2014 }}</ref>
<ref name="NASA-20140903">{{cite web
|last1 = Agle |first1 = DC
|last2 = Brown |first2 = Dwayne
|title = Small Asteroid to Safely Pass Close to Earth Sunday
|url = http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-295
|date = 3 September 2014
|work = [[NASA]]
|access-date= 7 September 2014}}</ref>


<ref name="NASA185">{{cite web
<ref name="NASA185">{{cite web
Line 197: Line 247:
|publisher=NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office
|publisher=NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office
|url=http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news185.html
|url=http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news185.html
|accessdate=9 September 2014}}</ref>
|accessdate=9 September 2014
|url-status=dead
}}
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011215227/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news185.html
|archivedate=11 October 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="h">{{cite web
|title = Asteroid Size Estimator
|publisher = CNEOS NASA/JPL
|url = https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/ast_size_est.html
|access-date= 7 September 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="Devogele-2019">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|last1 = Devogèle |first1 = Maxime
|last2 = Moskovitz |first2 = Nicholas
|last3 = Thirouin |first3 = Audrey
|last4 = Gustaffson |first4 = Annika
|last5 = Magnuson |first5 = Mitchell
|last6 = Thomas |first6 = Cristina
|last7 = Willman |first7 = Mark
|last8 = Christensen |first8 = Eric
|last9 = Person |first9 = Michael
|last10 = Binzel |first10 = Richard
|last11 = Polishook |first11 = David
|last12 = DeMeo |first12 = Francesca
|last13 = Hinkle |first13 = Mary
|last14 = Trilling |first14 = David
|last15 = Mommert |first15 = Michael
|last16 = Burt |first16 = Brian
|last17 = Skiff |first17 = Brian
|date = November 2019
|title = Visible Spectroscopy from the Mission Accessible Near-Earth Object Survey (MANOS): Taxonomic Dependence on Asteroid Size
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 158
|issue = 5
|page = 196
|bibcode = 2019AJ....158..196D
|issn = 0004-6256
|doi = 10.3847/1538-3881/ab43dd
|arxiv = 1909.04788|s2cid = 202558821 |doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name=closeapproachdate>{{cite web
|title=NASA reports asteroid to pass close, but safely past Earth.
|url=http://www.clarksvilleonline.com/2014/09/04/nasa-reports-small-asteroid-2014-rc-pass-close-safely-past-earth/
|website=clarksvilleonline.com
|publisher=Clarksville Online
|accessdate=4 September 2014
|date=4 September 2014}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->


== External links ==
== External links ==
*[http://www.satflare.com/track.asp?q=A2014RC ASTEROID 2014 RC Tracking]
* [http://www.satflare.com/track.asp?q=A2014RC ASTEROID 2014 RC Tracking]
*[http://remanzacco.blogspot.it/2014/09/close-approach-of-asteroid-2014-rc.html Close Approach of Asteroid 2014 RC] (Remanzacco Observatory)
* [http://remanzacco.blogspot.it/2014/09/close-approach-of-asteroid-2014-rc.html Close Approach of Asteroid 2014 RC] (Remanzacco Observatory)
*[http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2014/09/05/asteroid_2014_rc_close_miss_by_a_small_rock.html Small Asteroid Will Pass Earth Closely but Safely on Sunday] ([[Phil Plait]])
* [http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2014/09/05/asteroid_2014_rc_close_miss_by_a_small_rock.html Small Asteroid Will Pass Earth Closely but Safely on Sunday] ([[Phil Plait]])
* {{JPL small body}}
* {{NeoDys|2014+RC}}
* {{ESA-SSA|2014RC}}
* {{JPL small body|id=3685273}}


{{Asteroids}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{2014 in space}}
{{2014 in space}}
<!--use upon numbering: {{Minor planets navigator| |number=? | }} -->
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:2014 RC}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:2014 RC}}
[[Category:Apollo asteroids]]
[[Category:Apollo asteroids|#]]
[[Category:Minor planet object articles (unnumbered)]]
[[Category:Near-Earth objects removed from the Sentry Risk Table|#]]
[[Category:Radar-imaged asteroids|#]]
[[Category:Fast rotating minor planets|#]]
[[Category:2014 in outer space|20140907]]
[[Category:Near-Earth objects in 2014|20140907]]
[[Category:Near-Earth objects in 2014|20140907]]
[[Category:Asteroids removed from the Sentry Risk Table]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2014|20140901]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2014|20140901]]
[[Category:2014 in space|20140907]]
[[Category:Radar-imaged asteroids]]
[[Category:Unnumbered minor planets]]

Latest revision as of 08:50, 3 April 2024

2014 RC
2014 RC imaged by the Goldstone Radar on 7 September 2014
Discovery[1][2][3]
Discovered byCSS
Discovery siteCatalina Stn.
Discovery date1 September 2014
(first observed only)
Designations
2014 RC
NEO · Apollo[3][4]
Orbital characteristics[4]
Epoch 1 July 2021 (JD 2459396.5)
Uncertainty parameter 3[3][4]
Observation arc18 days w/Radar
Aphelion1.8064 AU
Perihelion0.8211 AU
1.3138 AU
Eccentricity0.3750
1.51 yr (550 d)
155.44°
0° 39m 16.2s / day
Inclination4.5687°
344.91°
71.090°
Earth MOID0.0003 AU (0.1169 LD)
Physical characteristics
Dimensions>22 m (largest axis)[5]
~12–25 m (est.)[6]
0.004389 h (15.80 s)[7][8]
S/q[5][8]
28 (Nov/Dec 2014)
26.8[3][4]

2014 RC is a sub-kilometer near-Earth object and Apollo asteroid. The exceptionally fast rotator passed within 0.000267 AU (39,900 km; 24,800 mi) (0.1 lunar distances) of Earth on 7 September 2014. The asteroid is approximately the diameter of the Chelyabinsk meteor,[5] and passed almost as close to Earth as 367943 Duende (2012 DA14) did in 2013.

With an absolute magnitude of 26.8,[4] the asteroid is about 11–25 meters (36–82 ft) in diameter depending on the albedo.[6] Observations by the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility conclude the asteroid is a fairly bright Sq-class asteroid which have an average albedo of around 0.24, and would give the asteroid a spherical equivalent diameter of 12 meters (39 ft).[5] Measurements by multiple telescopes indicate that the asteroid rotates in 15.8 seconds making it one of the fastest rotating asteroids so far discovered.[5][8] Using the 15.8 second rotation period, more accurate radar observations by Goldstone shows the asteroid has a largest axis of at least 22 meters (72 ft).[5] Due to the asteroid's fast rotation, it is a monolith and not a rubble pile.

On 8 September 2115 the asteroid will pass about 0.0053 AU (790,000 km; 490,000 mi) from the Moon.[4] On 5 September 1973, the asteroid passed between 0.01052 AU (1,574,000 km; 978,000 mi) and 0.01207 AU (1,806,000 km; 1,122,000 mi) from Earth.[4] 2014 RC was removed from the JPL Sentry Risk Table on 5 September 2014 and there are no known possible impact dates in the next 100 years.[9]

2014 approach

[edit]

It made a close approach to Earth of 0.000267 AU (39,900 km; 24,800 mi) (0.1 LD) around 18:02 UTC on 7 September 2014.[4][10][11] The asteroid briefly brightened to about apparent magnitude 11.5,[12] but it was still not visible to the naked eye or common binoculars. At the peak brightness the asteroid had a declination of –47,[12] and was most easily visible over New Zealand. During 2014, asteroids 2014 AA and 2014 LY21 have come closer to Earth.

Asteroid 2014 RC[11]
Path around the Sun – 3 September 2014.
Path near the Earth – 7 September 2014.

The Managua explosion on 6 September 2014 may or may not have been created by a bolide that was missed by millions of people, but either way it was not caused by the close approach of 2014 RC.[5]

Orbital shift

[edit]

During the 2014 Earth close approach the orbital period of 2014 RC was reduced from 600 days to 549 days.[13] The orbital eccentricity decreased while the orbital inclination increased.

Parameter Epoch Aphelion
(Q) 		Perihelion
(q) 		Semi-major axis
(a) 		Eccentricity
(e) 		Period
(p) 		Inclination
(i) 		Longitude ascending node
(Ω) 		Mean anomaly
(M) 		Argument of perihelion
(ω)
Units AU (days) (°)
Pre-flyby 2014-09-01 1.9488 0.8344 1.3916 0.4004 599.62 1.4395° 345.48° 326.12° 65.879°
flyby 2014-09-07 18:02 UTC 2.0284 0.8150 1.4217 0.4267 619.17 1.4217° 345.09° 330.91° 68.602°
Post-flyby 2014-10-01 1.8042 0.8207 1.3124 0.3747 549.18 4.5744° 345.01° 340.41° 71.187°

Close-approach table

[edit]
Object Date (UTC) Date
error
(hours) 		Nominal
distance
(AU) 		Nominal
distance
(LD) 		Minimum
distance
(AU) 		Minimum
distance
(LD) 		Apparent
magnitude
(V)
Earth 1945-09-06 05:53 47.16 0.00442 1.72 0.00101 0.39 17.3
Moon 1945-09-06 14:33 52.48 0.00508 1.98 0.00103 0.40 –
Mars 1957-10-09 13:55 5.40 0.06371 24.78 0.05267 20.49 –
Earth 1973-09-05 21:42 0.62 0.01169 4.55 0.01089 4.24 19.3
Earth 1987-01-17 01:02 0.30 0.03724 14.49 0.03686 14.34 22.4
Earth 1991-09-27 05:38 1.03 0.09911 38.55 0.09878 38.43 27.0
Mars 1999-09-22 14:00 <0.01 0.03739 14.54 0.03712 14.44 –
Earth 2009-12-30 13:10 0.28 0.08634 33.59 0.08622 33.54 26.0
Moon 2014-09-07 08:47 <0.01 0.000845 0.329 0.000845 0.329 –
Earth 2014-09-07 18:02 <0.01 0.000267 0.104 0.000267 0.104 15.9
Earth 2017-09-11 13:50 0.15 0.03864 15.03 0.03850 14.98 23.3
Earth 2020-09-22 21:24 0.35 0.09908 38.54 0.09893 38.48 26.1
Earth 2039-01-21 23:38 0.13 0.06224 24.21 0.06215 24.18 24.0
Earth 2042-01-27 18:19 0.10 0.06322 24.59 0.06313 24.56 23.6
Earth 2109-09-01 16:27 0.07 0.09959 38.74 0.09945 38.69 24.7
Earth 2112-09-06 21:13 0.08 0.02253 8.76 0.02241 8.72 21.1
Moon 2115-09-08 19:11 0.15 0.00558 2.17 0.005350 2.08 –
Earth 2115-09-08 22:50 0.17 0.00785 3.05 0.00763 2.97 18.5
Mars 2140-10-13 22:42 2.85 0.07152 27.82 0.05471 21.28 –
Earth 2159-02-02 22:17 16.90 0.08084 31.45 0.05563 21.64 24.2
Earth 2162-01-19 14:04 38.85 0.09376 36.47 0.07273 28.29 25.2
Earth 2170-09-19 02:08 9.12 0.07413 28.84 0.06707 26.09 25.1
Earth 2173-09-04 16:52 1.38 0.06123 23.82 0.05950 23.15 23.5

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "MPEC 2014-R23 : 2014 RC". IAU Minor Planet Center. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2014. (K14R00C)
  2. ^ "MPEC 2014-R26 : 2014 RC". IAU Minor Planet Center. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d "2014 RC". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2014 RC)" (2014-09-07 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "Reports of Meteorite Strike in Nicaragua and Update on Asteroid 2014 RC". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  6. ^ a b "Asteroid Size Estimator". CNEOS NASA/JPL. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  7. ^ "LCDB Data for (2014+RC)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  8. ^ a b c Devogèle, Maxime; Moskovitz, Nicholas; Thirouin, Audrey; Gustaffson, Annika; Magnuson, Mitchell; Thomas, Cristina; et al. (November 2019). "Visible Spectroscopy from the Mission Accessible Near-Earth Object Survey (MANOS): Taxonomic Dependence on Asteroid Size". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (5): 196. arXiv:1909.04788. Bibcode:2019AJ....158..196D. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab43dd. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 202558821.
  9. ^ "Date/Time Removed". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Archived from the original on 2 June 2002. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  10. ^ "NASA reports asteroid to pass close, but safely past Earth". clarksvilleonline.com. Clarksville Online. 4 September 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
  11. ^ a b Agle, DC; Brown, Dwayne (3 September 2014). "Small Asteroid to Safely Pass Close to Earth Sunday". NASA. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
  12. ^ a b "2014RC Ephemerides for 7 September 2014". NEODyS (Near Earth Objects – Dynamic Site). Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  13. ^ Horizons output. "Horizon Online Ephemeris System". Retrieved 7 September 2014. ("Ephemeris Type: Elements" PR value)
[edit]
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