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{{Short description|Family of fungi}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
⚫
| name = Morchellaceae
| image = Morchella esculenta 2.jpg
| image = Morchella esculenta 270408.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Morchella conica]]''
| image_caption = ''[[Morchella esculenta]]''
⚫
| taxon = Morchellaceae
| image_wdith =240px
| regnum = [[Fungus|Fungi]]
| authority = [[Ludwig Reichenbach|Rchb.]] (1834)
| phylum = [[Ascomycota]]
| classis = [[Ascomycetes]]
| ordo = [[Pezizales]]
⚫
| familia = '''Morchellaceae'''
| familia_authority = [[Ludwig Reichenbach|Rchb.]] (1834)
| type_genus = ''Morchella''
| type_genus = ''Morchella''
| type_genus_authority = [[Johann Jacob Dillenius|Dill.]] ex [[Christian Hendrik Persoon|Pers.]] (1794)
| type_genus_authority = [[Johann Jacob Dillenius|Dill.]] ex [[Christian Hendrik Persoon|Pers.]] (1794)
| subdivision_ranks = [[genus (biology)|Genera]]
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =''[[Costantinella]]'' (anamorph)<br>
| subdivision = [[#Genera|see text]]
⚫
''[[Disciotis]]'' (terrestrial)<br>
⚫
''[[Morchella]]'' (terrestrial)<br>
⚫
''[[Verpa]]'' (terrestrial)<br>
⚫
''[[Kalapuya (fungus)|Kalapuya]]'' (hypogeous)<br>
⚫
''Imaia'' (hypogeous)<br>
⚫
''[[Leucangium]]'' (hypogeous)<br>
⚫
''Fischerula'' (hypogeous)
}}
}}
⚫
The '''Morchellaceae''' are a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[Ascomycota|ascomycete]] fungi. According to a standard reference work, the family has contained at least 49 [[species]] distributed among 4 [[genera]]<ref name=Kirk2008/>, but in 2012, 5 [[genera]] producing the [[sequestrate]] and hypogeous [[ascoma]] have been added<ref name=TrappeEtAl2010/>. The best-known members are the highly-regarded and commercially picked true [[morel]]s of the genus ''[[Morchella]]'', the thimble morels of the genus ''[[Verpa]]'', and a genus of cup-shaped fungi ''[[Disciotis]]''. The remaining four genera produce the sequestrate fruit bodies.


⚫
The '''Morchellaceae''' are a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[Ascomycota|ascomycete]] fungi in the order [[Pezizales]]. According to a standard reference work, the family has contained at least 49 [[species]] distributed among four [[genera]].<ref name=Kirk2008/> However, in 2012, five [[genera]] that produce [[ascoma]] that are [[wikt:sequestrate|sequestrate]] and [[wikt:hypogeous|hypogeous]] were added.<ref name=TrappeEtAl2010/> The best-known members are the highly regarded and commercially picked true [[morel]]s of the genus ''[[Morchella]]'', the thimble morels of the genus ''[[Verpa]]'', and a genus of cup-shaped fungi ''[[Disciotis]]''. The remaining four genera produce the sequestrate fruit bodies.
⚫
Analysis of the [[ribosomal DNA]] of many of the [[Pezizales]] showed the three genera ''Verpa'' , ''Morchella'', and ''Disciotis'' to be closely related. Thus they are now included in the family Morchellaceae.<ref name=ODonnell1997/>


⚫
Analysis of the [[ribosomal DNA]] of many of the [[Pezizales]] showed the three genera ''Verpa'', ''Morchella'', and ''Disciotis'' to be closely related. Thus they are now included in the family Morchellaceae.<ref name=ODonnell1997/>
==General description==


==Genera==
''[[Costantinella]]'' (anamorph)<br/>
⚫
''[[Disciotis]]'' (terrestrial)<br/>
⚫
''[[Morchella]]'' (terrestrial)<br/>
⚫
''[[Verpa]]'' (terrestrial)<br/>
⚫
''[[Kalapuya (fungus)|Kalapuya]]'' (hypogeous)<br/>
⚫
''[[Imaia]]'' (hypogeous)<br/>
⚫
''[[Leucangium]]'' (hypogeous)<br/>
⚫
''[[Fischerula]]'' (hypogeous)

==Description==
Other than the [[teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph|anamorph]] genus ''[[Costantinella]]'', the three remaining genera of Morchellaceae are distinguished by [[ascocarp]] morphology. ''[[Morchella]]'' species have an ascocarp with a sponge-like [[Pileus (mycology)|pileus]], with a hollow [[Stipe (mycology)|stipe]] and pileus. ''[[Verpa]]'' species have a cup-like or thimble-shaped, smooth or wrinkled pileus above a hollow [[stipe (mycology)|stipe]]. ''[[Disciotis]]'' has a cup-like pileus with vein-like [[hymenium|hymenial]] folds and a small or nonexistent stipe.<ref name=Bunyard1995/> The [[ascospore]]s are ellipsoid, smooth, and usually [[hyaline]].<ref name=Kimbrough1970/>
Other than the [[teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph|anamorph]] genus ''[[Costantinella]]'', the three remaining genera of Morchellaceae are distinguished by [[ascocarp]] morphology. ''[[Morchella]]'' species have an ascocarp with a sponge-like [[Pileus (mycology)|pileus]], with a hollow [[Stipe (mycology)|stipe]] and pileus. ''[[Verpa]]'' species have a cup-like or thimble-shaped, smooth or wrinkled pileus above a hollow [[stipe (mycology)|stipe]]. ''[[Disciotis]]'' has a cup-like pileus with vein-like [[hymenium|hymenial]] folds and a small or nonexistent stipe.<ref name=Bunyard1995/> The [[ascospore]]s are ellipsoid, smooth, and usually [[hyaline]].<ref name=Kimbrough1970/>


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{{Reflist|refs=
{{Reflist|refs=


<ref name=Bunyard1995>{{cite journal |doi=10.1006/emyc.1995.1027 |author=Bunyard BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ. |year=1995 |title=Phylogenetic resolution of ''Morchella'', ''Verpa'', and ''Disciotis'' (Pezizales: Morchellaceae) based on restriction enzyme analysis of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene |journal=Experimental Mycology |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=223–33 |pmid=7553270}}</ref>
<ref name=Bunyard1995>{{cite journal |vauthors=Bunyard BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ |year=1995 |title=Phylogenetic resolution of ''Morchella'', ''Verpa'', and ''Disciotis'' (Pezizales: Morchellaceae) based on restriction enzyme analysis of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene |journal=Experimental Mycology |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=223–33 |pmid=7553270 |doi=10.1006/emyc.1995.1027}}</ref>


<ref name=TrappeEtAl2010>{{cite journal |doi=10.3852/09-232 |title=''Kalapuya brunnea'' gen. & sp. nov. and its relationship to the other squestrate genera in Morchellaceae |journal= Mycologia|year=2010 |author=Trappe MJ, JM Trappe, G. M. Bonito|volume=102|issue=5 |pages=1058-1065 | pmid=20943505}}</ref>
<ref name=TrappeEtAl2010>{{cite journal |doi=10.3852/09-232 |title=''Kalapuya brunnea'' gen. & sp. nov. and its relationship to the other squestrate genera in Morchellaceae |journal=Mycologia |year=2010 |vauthors=Trappe MJ, Trappe JM, Bonito GM |volume=102 |issue=5 |pages=1058–1065 | pmid=20943505|s2cid=23305229 }}</ref>


<ref name=Kimbrough1970>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF02858958 |author=Kimbrough JW. |year=1970 |title=Current trends in the classification of Discomycetes |journal=Botanical Review |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=91–161}}</ref>
<ref name=Kimbrough1970>{{cite journal |author=Kimbrough JW. |year=1970 |title=Current trends in the classification of Discomycetes |journal=Botanical Review |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=91–161 |doi=10.1007/BF02858958|bibcode=1970BotRv..36...91K |s2cid=11463562 }}</ref>


<ref name=Kirk2008>{{cite book |author=Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. |title=Dictionary of the Fungi |edition=10th |publisher=CABI |location=Wallingford, UK |year=2008 |page=439 |isbn=978-0-85199-826-8}}</ref>
<ref name=Kirk2008>{{cite book |vauthors=Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA |title=Dictionary of the Fungi |edition=10th |publisher=CAB International |location=Wallingford, UK |year=2008 |page=439 |isbn=978-0-85199-826-8}}</ref>

⚫
<ref name=ODonnell1997>{{cite journal |author=O'Donnell K, Cigelnik E, Weber NS, Trappe JM. |year=1997|title=Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetous truffles and the true and false morels inferred from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis |journal=[[Mycologia]] |volume=89 |issue=1 |pages=48–65 |doi=10.2307/3761172 |jstor=3761172}} {{subscription}}</ref>


⚫
<ref name=ODonnell1997>{{cite journal |vauthors=O'Donnell K, Cigelnik E, Weber NS, Trappe JM |year=1997|title=Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetous truffles and the true and false morels inferred from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis |journal=[[Mycologia]] |volume=89 |issue=1 |pages=48–65 |doi=10.2307/3761172 |jstor=3761172}} {{subscription required}}</ref>
}}
}}


==External links==
⚫
[[Category:Morchellaceae]]
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{Wikispecies-inline}}

⚫
{{Morchellaceae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q656782}}
{{Authority control}}


⚫
[[Category:Morchellaceae| ]]
[[cs:Smržovité]]
[[Category:Ascomycota families]]
[[fr:Morchellaceae]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Ludwig Reichenbach]]
[[it:Morchellaceae]]
[[Category:Taxa described in 1834]]
[[lt:Briedžiukiniai]]
[[hu:Kucsmagombafélék]]
[[nl:Morchellaceae]]
[[ja:アミガサタケ科]]
[[pl:Smardzowate]]
[[ru:Сморчковые]]
[[zh:羊肚菌科]]

Latest revision as of 15:04, 3 April 2024

Morchellaceae
Morchella esculenta
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Pezizomycetes
Order: Pezizales
Family: Morchellaceae
Rchb. (1834)
Type genus
Morchella
Dill. ex Pers. (1794)
Genera

see text

The Morchellaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Pezizales. According to a standard reference work, the family has contained at least 49 species distributed among four genera.[1] However, in 2012, five genera that produce ascoma that are sequestrate and hypogeous were added.[2] The best-known members are the highly regarded and commercially picked true morels of the genus Morchella, the thimble morels of the genus Verpa, and a genus of cup-shaped fungi Disciotis. The remaining four genera produce the sequestrate fruit bodies.

Analysis of the ribosomal DNA of many of the Pezizales showed the three genera Verpa, Morchella, and Disciotis to be closely related. Thus they are now included in the family Morchellaceae.[3]

Genera

[edit]

Costantinella (anamorph)
Disciotis (terrestrial)
Morchella (terrestrial)
Verpa (terrestrial)
Kalapuya (hypogeous)
Imaia (hypogeous)
Leucangium (hypogeous)
Fischerula (hypogeous)

Description

[edit]

Other than the anamorph genus Costantinella, the three remaining genera of Morchellaceae are distinguished by ascocarp morphology. Morchella species have an ascocarp with a sponge-like pileus, with a hollow stipe and pileus. Verpa species have a cup-like or thimble-shaped, smooth or wrinkled pileus above a hollow stipe. Disciotis has a cup-like pileus with vein-like hymenial folds and a small or nonexistent stipe.[4] The ascospores are ellipsoid, smooth, and usually hyaline.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 439. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  2. ^ Trappe MJ, Trappe JM, Bonito GM (2010). "Kalapuya brunnea gen. & sp. nov. and its relationship to the other squestrate genera in Morchellaceae". Mycologia. 102 (5): 1058–1065. doi:10.3852/09-232. PMID 20943505. S2CID 23305229.
  3. ^ O'Donnell K, Cigelnik E, Weber NS, Trappe JM (1997). "Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetous truffles and the true and false morels inferred from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis". Mycologia. 89 (1): 48–65. doi:10.2307/3761172. JSTOR 3761172. (subscription required)
  4. ^ Bunyard BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1995). "Phylogenetic resolution of Morchella, Verpa, and Disciotis (Pezizales: Morchellaceae) based on restriction enzyme analysis of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene". Experimental Mycology. 19 (3): 223–33. doi:10.1006/emyc.1995.1027. PMID 7553270.
  5. ^ Kimbrough JW. (1970). "Current trends in the classification of Discomycetes". Botanical Review. 36 (2): 91–161. Bibcode:1970BotRv..36...91K. doi:10.1007/BF02858958. S2CID 11463562.
[edit]
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