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{{short description|Professor of geobiology}}
{{short description|Professor of geobiology}}
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{{Infobox person/Wikidata | fetchwikidata=ALL | onlysourced=yes
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{{Infobox scientist
| name = Roger Everett Summons
| name = Roger Everett Summons
| birth_name =
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| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=AUS|FAA|FRS|NAS|size=100%}}
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| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=AUS|FAA|FRS|size=100%}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age |1946|06|11|df=y}}<ref name="nationallibrary" />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age |1946|06|11|df=y}}<ref name="nationallibrary" />
| birth_place = [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]], Australia
| birth_place = Sydney, Australia
| death_date = <!--{{death date and age |YYYY|MM|DD |YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date)-->
| death_date = <!--{{death date and age |YYYY|MM|DD |YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date)-->
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| fields = {{ublist|[[Biogeochemistry]]|[[Geobiology]]|[[Astrobiology]]}}
| residence = United States
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| workplaces = {{ublist|[[Australian National University]]|[[Geoscience Australia]]|[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]}}
| nationality = Australian
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| alma_mater = [[University of New South Wales]]
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| module= {{Infobox scientist
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| thesis_title = The alkaloids of some Australian and New Guinea plants
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| thesis_url = https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/1193/
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| fields = {{ublist|[[Biogeochemistry]]|[[Geobiology]]|[[Astrobiology]]}}
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| thesis_year = 1971
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| workplaces = {{ublist|[[Australian National University]]|[[Geoscience Australia]]|[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]}}
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| doctoral_advisors = Emery Gellert<br />J. Ellis
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| alma_mater = [[University of Wollongong]]
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| doctoral_student =
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| thesis_title = The alkaloids of some Australian and New Guinea plants
| thesis_url = https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/1193/
| awards =
| thesis_year = 1971
| website = {{URL|http://summons.mit.edu}}
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| doctoral_advisors = E. Gellert<br/>J. Ellis
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| doctoral_student =
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'''Roger Everett Summons''' {{post-nominals|country=AUS|FAA|FRS}} (born 11 June 1946) is the Schlumberger Professor of Geobiology at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] and Professor of Geobiology in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eapsweb.mit.edu/people/rsummons|title=Summons, Roger {{!}} MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences|website=eapsweb.mit.edu|access-date=2018-09-26}}</ref>

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'''Roger Everett Summons''' {{post-nominals|country=AUS|FAA|FRS}} is the Schlumberger Professor of Geobiology at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] and Professor of Geobiology in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eapsweb.mit.edu/people/rsummons|title=Summons, Roger {{!}} MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences|website=eapsweb.mit.edu|access-date=2018-09-26}}</ref>


Summons’ research spans [[biogeochemistry]], [[geobiology]], and [[astrobiology]]. His work employs organic geochemical methods to examine the [[lipid]] chemistry of modern and ancient microbes, the isotopic signatures of climate change, and the evolution and origins of life.
Summons’ research spans [[biogeochemistry]], [[geobiology]], and [[astrobiology]]. His work employs organic geochemical methods to examine the [[lipid]] chemistry of modern and ancient microbes, the isotopic signatures of climate change, and the evolution and origins of life.

Summons was elected a member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]] in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2020-nas-election.html|title=2020 NAS Election}}</ref>


==Education and early life==
==Education and early life==
Roger Summons was born on 11 June 1946 in [[Sydney]], Australia,<ref name="nationallibrary">{{cite web |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1475047?c=people |title=Summons, Roger Everett, (FAA) (1946-) |work=Encyclopedia of Australian Science |publisher=[[National Library of Australia]]}}</ref> and attended Lithgow High School. He earned his B.Sc. (Honours Class I) in 1968 and Ph.D. in 1971 in organic chemistry from the Wollongong College of the University of the University of New South Wales.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uow.edu.au/alumni/alumnistories/science/UOW153209.html |title=Roger Summons - Alumni @ UOW |publisher=University of Wollongong}}</ref> This institution is now the [[University of Wollongong]].<ref>Formerly known as the Wollongong University College of UNSW, then part of the [[University of New South Wales]] before the University of Wollongong gained its autonomy in 1975.</ref> Following graduation, Summons completed a two-year fellowship in the Genetics Department, [[Stanford University]] from 1972-1973 before starting postdoctoral and research fellowships in the Research School of Chemistry at the [[Australian National University]]. At Stanford, Summons worked under the direction of Alan Duffield and [[Joshua Lederberg]].<ref name="GeoChemSociety" />
Roger Summons was born on 11 June 1946 in Sydney,<ref name="nationallibrary">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1475047?c=people |title=Summons, Roger Everett, (FAA) (1946–) |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Australian Science |publisher=[[National Library of Australia]]}}</ref> and attended Lithgow High School. He earned his BSc (Honours Class I) in 1968<ref name="BS thesis">{{Cite thesis |url=https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1908&context=theses |title=The synthesis of phenanthropiperidines |last=Summons |first=Roger |date=1968 |degree=B.S., with honours |publisher=[[University of Wollongong|Wollongong University College, The University of New South Wales]] |oclc=221091817 }}</ref> and PhD in 1971 in organic chemistry from the Wollongong University College of the University of New South Wales.<ref name="PhD thesis">{{Cite thesis |url=https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2193&context=theses |title=The alkaloids of some Australian and New Guinea plants |last=Summons |first=Roger |date=1971 |degree=PhD |publisher=[[University of Wollongong|Wollongong University College, The University of N.S.W]] |oclc=221056730 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uow.edu.au/alumni/alumnistories/science/UOW153209.html |title=Roger Summons – Alumni @ UOW |publisher=University of Wollongong}}</ref> This institution is now the [[University of Wollongong]].<ref>Formerly known as the Wollongong University College of UNSW, then part of the [[University of New South Wales]] before the University of Wollongong gained its autonomy in 1975.</ref> Summons' doctoral supervisors were professors Emery Gellert and J. Ellis.<ref name="PhD thesis" /> Following graduation, Summons completed a two-year fellowship in the genetics department, [[Stanford University]], from 1972 to 1973 before starting postdoctoral and research fellowships in the Research School of Chemistry at the [[Australian National University]]. At Stanford, Summons worked under the direction of Alan Duffield and [[Joshua Lederberg]].<ref name="GeoChemSociety" />


==Research and career==
==Research and career==
Before joining MIT as a Professor of Geobiology in 2001, he held appointments at the [[Australian National University]]’s Research School of Biological Sciences from 1977 to 1983, and at [[Geoscience Australia]], Canberra from 1983 to 2001, where he led a research team that focused on the characterization of the biogeochemical [[carbon cycle]] and the nature and habitat of Australian petroleum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://summons.mit.edu/project/roger-summons/|title=The Summons Lab • Geobiology and Astrobiology at MIT » Roger Summons|website=summons.mit.edu|access-date=2018-09-26}}</ref>
Before joining MIT as a professor of geobiology in 2001, he held appointments at the [[Australian National University]]’s Research School of Biological Sciences from 1977 to 1983, and at [[Geoscience Australia]], Canberra from 1983 to 2001, where he led a research team that focused on the characterization of the biogeochemical [[carbon cycle]] and the nature and habitat of Australian petroleum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://summons.mit.edu/project/roger-summons/|title=The Summons Lab • Geobiology and Astrobiology at MIT » Roger Summons|website=summons.mit.edu|access-date=2018-09-26}}</ref>


Summons is particularly known for the application of organic geochemical techniques to sediments of [[Precambrian]] age and modern microbes in order to increase the understanding of the early evolution of life on Earth. Summons is a member of the editorial boards of the peer-reviewed scientific journals [[Astrobiology (journal)|Astrobiology]], [[Geobiology (journal)|Geobiology]], and [[Palaeoworld]] since their inception. He also served as associate editor of the peer-reviewed scientific journal [[Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta]] from 1995 to 2006.
Summons is particularly known for the application of organic geochemical techniques to sediments of [[Precambrian]] age and modern microbes to increase the understanding of the early evolution of life on Earth. Summons is a member of the editorial boards of the peer-reviewed scientific journals [[Astrobiology (journal)|Astrobiology]], [[Geobiology (journal)|Geobiology]], and [[Palaeoworld]] since their inception. He also served as associate editor of the peer-reviewed scientific journal [[Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta]] from 1995 to 2006.


From 2003 to 2007, Summons served on three committees of the US National Research Council including the Committee on Origin and Evolution of Life, the Committee on Limits of Life, and the Committee on Mars Astrobiology. Summons served as [[NASA]] co-chair of the organic contamination panel for the [[Mars 2020|Mars 2020 Rover]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/how-much-contamination-is-okay-on-mars-2020-rover/|title=NASA Astrobiology|website=astrobiology.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-09-26}}</ref> and was a member of the [[NASA Astrobiology Institute]] Executive Council from 2008 to 2017. During that time, he led the Foundations of Complex Life, the MIT NASA Astrobiology Institute team which interrogated the environmental, ecological, and genetic factors that lead to the evolution of complex life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nai.nasa.gov/directory/summons-roger/|title={{!}} NASA Astrobiology Institute|website=nai.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nai.nasa.gov/teams/can-6/mit/|title=NASA Astrobiology Institute|website=nai.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-09-26}}</ref>
From 2003 to 2007, Summons served on three committees of the US National Research Council including the Committee on Origin and Evolution of Life, the Committee on Limits of Life, and the Committee on Mars Astrobiology. Summons served as [[NASA]] co-chair of the organic contamination panel for the [[Mars 2020|Mars 2020 Rover]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/how-much-contamination-is-okay-on-mars-2020-rover/|title=NASA Astrobiology|website=astrobiology.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-09-26}}</ref> and was a member of the [[NASA Astrobiology Institute]] Executive Council from 2008 to 2017. During that time, he led the Foundations of Complex Life, the MIT NASA Astrobiology Institute team which interrogated the environmental, ecological, and genetic factors that lead to the evolution of complex life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nai.nasa.gov/directory/summons-roger/|title={{!}} NASA Astrobiology Institute|website=nai.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nai.nasa.gov/teams/can-6/mit/|title=NASA Astrobiology Institute|website=nai.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-09-26}}</ref>


In addition to actively teaching both graduate and undergraduate courses at MIT, Summons is engaged as a collaborator with the search for organics on Mars as a member of the SAM Team of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission. He is also an investigator in the Simons Collaboration on the Origins of Life (SCOL).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.simonsfoundation.org/team/roger-e-summons/|title=Roger E. Summons {{!}} Simons Foundation|website=www.simonsfoundation.org|access-date=2018-09-26}}</ref>
In addition to actively teaching both graduate and undergraduate courses at MIT, Summons is engaged as a collaborator with the search for organics on Mars as a member of the SAM Team of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission. He is also an investigator in the Simons Collaboration on the Origins of Life (SCOL).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.simonsfoundation.org/team/roger-e-summons/|title=Roger E. Summons {{!}} Simons Foundation|website=www.simonsfoundation.org|date=10 August 2017|access-date=2018-09-26}}</ref>


=== Selected papers ===
=== Selected papers ===


*Molecular biosignatures: generic qualities of organic compounds that betray biological origins<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Summons|first=Roger E.|last2=Albrecht|first2=Pierre|last3=McDonald|first3=Gene|last4=Moldowan|first4=J. Michael|date=2007-10-10|title=Molecular Biosignatures|journal=Space Science Reviews|volume=135|issue=1–4|pages=133–159|doi=10.1007/s11214-007-9256-5|issn=0038-6308}}</ref>
*Molecular biosignatures: generic qualities of organic compounds that betray biological origins<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Summons|first1=Roger E.|last2=Albrecht|first2=Pierre|last3=McDonald|first3=Gene|last4=Moldowan|first4=J. Michael|date=2007-10-10|title=Molecular Biosignatures|journal=Space Science Reviews|volume=135|issue=1–4|pages=133–159|doi=10.1007/s11214-007-9256-5|s2cid=189770934|issn=0038-6308}}</ref>
*Ancient biomolecules: their origin, fossilization and significance in revealing the history of life<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Briggs|first=Derek E. G.|last2=Summons|first2=Roger E.|date=2014-03-13|title=Ancient biomolecules: Their origins, fossilization, and role in revealing the history of life|journal=BioEssays|volume=36|issue=5|pages=482–490|doi=10.1002/bies.201400010|pmid=24623098|issn=0265-9247}}</ref>
*Ancient biomolecules: their origin, fossilization and significance in revealing the history of life<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Briggs|first1=Derek E. G.|last2=Summons|first2=Roger E.|date=2014-03-13|title=Ancient biomolecules: Their origins, fossilization, and role in revealing the history of life|journal=BioEssays|volume=36|issue=5|pages=482–490|doi=10.1002/bies.201400010|pmid=24623098|s2cid=26699744|issn=0265-9247}}</ref>
*Assessing the distribution of sedimentary C40 carotenoids through time<ref>{{Cite journal|last=French|first=K. L.|last2=Rocher|first2=D.|last3=Zumberge|first3=J. E.|last4=Summons|first4=R. E.|date=2015-01-28|title=Assessing the distribution of sedimentary C40carotenoids through time|journal=Geobiology|volume=13|issue=2|pages=139–151|doi=10.1111/gbi.12126|pmid=25631735|issn=1472-4677}}</ref>
*Assessing the distribution of sedimentary C40 carotenoids through time<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=French|first1=K. L.|last2=Rocher|first2=D.|last3=Zumberge|first3=J. E.|last4=Summons|first4=R. E.|date=2015-01-28|title=Assessing the distribution of sedimentary C40carotenoids through time|journal=Geobiology|volume=13|issue=2|pages=139–151|doi=10.1111/gbi.12126|pmid=25631735|bibcode=2015Gbio...13..139F |s2cid=22535663 |issn=1472-4677}}</ref>
*Rapid oxidation of Earth's atmosphere 2.33 billion years ago<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Luo|first=Genming|last2=Ono|first2=Shuhei|last3=Beukes|first3=Nicolas J.|last4=Wang|first4=David T.|last5=Xie|first5=Shucheng|last6=Summons|first6=Roger E.|date=2016-05-01|title=Rapid oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere 2.33 billion years ago|journal=Science Advances|volume=2|issue=5|pages=e1600134|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1600134|pmid=27386544|pmc=4928975|issn=2375-2548}}</ref>
*Rapid oxidation of Earth's atmosphere 2.33&nbsp;billion years ago<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Luo|first1=Genming|last2=Ono|first2=Shuhei|last3=Beukes|first3=Nicolas J.|last4=Wang|first4=David T.|last5=Xie|first5=Shucheng|last6=Summons|first6=Roger E.|date=2016-05-01|title=Rapid oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere 2.33 billion years ago|journal=Science Advances|volume=2|issue=5|pages=e1600134|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1600134|pmid=27386544|pmc=4928975|bibcode=2016SciA....2E0134L|issn=2375-2548}}</ref>
*Paleoproterozoic sterol biosynthesis and the rise of oxygen<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gold|first=David A.|last2=Caron|first2=Abigail|last3=Fournier|first3=Gregory P.|last4=Summons|first4=Roger E.|date=March 2017|title=Paleoproterozoic sterol biosynthesis and the rise of oxygen|journal=Nature|volume=543|issue=7645|pages=420–423|doi=10.1038/nature21412|pmid=28264195|issn=0028-0836|url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/75824/9/nature21412-s1.pdf}}</ref>
*Paleoproterozoic sterol biosynthesis and the rise of oxygen<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gold|first1=David A.|last2=Caron|first2=Abigail|last3=Fournier|first3=Gregory P.|last4=Summons|first4=Roger E.|date=March 2017|title=Paleoproterozoic sterol biosynthesis and the rise of oxygen|journal=Nature|volume=543|issue=7645|pages=420–423|doi=10.1038/nature21412|pmid=28264195|bibcode=2017Natur.543..420G|issn=0028-0836|url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/75824/9/nature21412-s1.pdf|hdl=1721.1/128450|s2cid=205254122|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
*The ‘Dirty Ice’ of the McMurdo Ice Shelf: Analogues for biological oases during the Cryogenian<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hawes|first=I.|last2=Jungblut|first2=A. D.|last3=Matys|first3=E. D.|last4=Summons|first4=R. E.|date=2018-03-12|title=The "Dirty Ice" of the McMurdo Ice Shelf: Analogues for biological oases during the Cryogenian|journal=Geobiology|volume=16|issue=4|pages=369–377|doi=10.1111/gbi.12280|pmid=29527802|issn=1472-4677}}</ref>
*The ‘Dirty Ice’ of the McMurdo Ice Shelf: Analogues for biological oases during the Cryogenian<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hawes|first1=I.|last2=Jungblut|first2=A. D.|last3=Matys|first3=E. D.|last4=Summons|first4=R. E.|date=2018-03-12|title=The "Dirty Ice" of the McMurdo Ice Shelf: Analogues for biological oases during the Cryogenian|journal=Geobiology|volume=16|issue=4|pages=369–377|doi=10.1111/gbi.12280|pmid=29527802|bibcode=2018Gbio...16..369H |hdl=1721.1/140848.2 |s2cid=3885072 |issn=1472-4677|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
*Organic matter preserved in 3-billion-year-old mudstones at Gale crater<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Eigenbrode|first=Jennifer L.|last2=Summons|first2=Roger E.|last3=Steele|first3=Andrew|last4=Freissinet|first4=Caroline|last5=Millan|first5=Maëva|last6=Navarro-González|first6=Rafael|last7=Sutter|first7=Brad|last8=McAdam|first8=Amy C.|last9=Franz|first9=Heather B.|date=2018-06-08|title=Organic matter preserved in 3-billion-year-old mudstones at Gale crater, Mars|journal=Science|volume=360|issue=6393|pages=1096–1101|doi=10.1126/science.aas9185|issn=0036-8075|pmid=29880683}}</ref>
*Organic matter preserved in 3-billion-year-old mudstones at Gale crater<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Eigenbrode|first1=Jennifer L.|last2=Summons|first2=Roger E.|last3=Steele|first3=Andrew|last4=Freissinet|first4=Caroline|last5=Millan|first5=Maëva|last6=Navarro-González|first6=Rafael|last7=Sutter|first7=Brad|last8=McAdam|first8=Amy C.|last9=Franz|first9=Heather B.|date=2018-06-08|title=Organic matter preserved in 3-billion-year-old mudstones at Gale crater, Mars|journal=Science|volume=360|issue=6393|pages=1096–1101|doi=10.1126/science.aas9185|issn=0036-8075|pmid=29880683|bibcode=2018Sci...360.1096E|doi-access=free|hdl=10044/1/60810|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
*Steroids, triterpenoids and molecular oxygen<ref name="SummonsBradley2006">{{cite journal|last1=Summons|first1=R. E|last2=Bradley|first2=A. S|last3=Jahnke|first3=L. L|last4=Waldbauer|first4=J. R|title=Steroids, triterpenoids and molecular oxygen|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=361|issue=1470|year=2006|pages=951–968|issn=0962-8436|doi=10.1098/rstb.2006.1837|pmid=16754609|pmc=1578733}}</ref>
*Steroids, triterpenoids and molecular oxygen<ref name="SummonsBradley2006">{{cite journal|last1=Summons|first1=R. E|last2=Bradley|first2=A. S|last3=Jahnke|first3=L. L|last4=Waldbauer|first4=J. R|title=Steroids, triterpenoids and molecular oxygen|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=361|issue=1470|year=2006|pages=951–968|issn=0962-8436|doi=10.1098/rstb.2006.1837|pmid=16754609|pmc=1578733}}</ref>
*2-Methylhopanoids as biomarkers for cyanobacterial oxygenic photosynthesis<ref name="SummonsJahnke1999">{{cite journal|last1=Summons|first1=Roger E.|last2=Jahnke|first2=Linda L.|last3=Hope|first3=Janet M.|last4=Logan|first4=Graham A.|journal=Nature|volume=400|issue=6744|year=1999|pages=554–557|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/23005|pmid=10448856|title=2-Methylhopanoids as biomarkers for cyanobacterial oxygenic photosynthesis}}</ref>
*2-Methylhopanoids as biomarkers for cyanobacterial oxygenic photosynthesis<ref name="SummonsJahnke1999">{{cite journal|last1=Summons|first1=Roger E.|last2=Jahnke|first2=Linda L.|last3=Hope|first3=Janet M.|last4=Logan|first4=Graham A.|journal=Nature|volume=400|issue=6744|year=1999|pages=554–557|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/23005|pmid=10448856|title=2-Methylhopanoids as biomarkers for cyanobacterial oxygenic photosynthesis|bibcode=1999Natur.400..554S|s2cid=204995022}}</ref>
*Chlorobiaceae in Palaeozoic seas - Combined evidence from biological markers, isotopes and geology<ref name="SummonsPowell1986">{{cite journal|last1=Summons|first1=Roger E.|last2=Powell|first2=Trevor G.|title=Chlorobiaceae in Palaeozoic seas revealed by biological markers, isotopes and geology|journal=Nature|volume=319|issue=6056|year=1986|pages=763–765|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/319763a0}}</ref>
*Chlorobiaceae in Palaeozoic seas - Combined evidence from biological markers, isotopes and geology<ref name="SummonsPowell1986">{{cite journal|last1=Summons|first1=Roger E.|last2=Powell|first2=Trevor G.|title=Chlorobiaceae in Palaeozoic seas revealed by biological markers, isotopes and geology|journal=Nature|volume=319|issue=6056|year=1986|pages=763–765|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/319763a0|bibcode=1986Natur.319..763S|s2cid=4368960}}</ref>


== Honors and awards==
== Honors and awards==


*1987<ref name="four">{{cite web |title=Biographical entry Summons, Roger Everett (1946 - ) |url=http://www.eoas.info/biogs/P003695b.htm |work=Encyclopedia of Australian Science |access-date=2013-06-05 |date=2006-05-26}}</ref> – 1998<ref name="MITCV2016">{{cite web |url=http://summons.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Summons_CV_8_2016.pdf |last=Summons |first=Roger |title=CV |year=2016 |work=Massachusetts Institute of Technology}}></ref> - Fellow, [[Royal Australian Chemical Institute]]
*1987<ref name="four">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Biographical entry Summons, Roger Everett (1946 - ) |url=http://www.eoas.info/biogs/P003695b.htm |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Australian Science |access-date=2013-06-05 |date=2006-05-26}}</ref> – 1998<ref name="MITCV2016">{{cite web |url=http://summons.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Summons_CV_8_2016.pdf |last=Summons |first=Roger |title=CV |year=2016 |work=Massachusetts Institute of Technology}}></ref> – Fellow, [[Royal Australian Chemical Institute]]
*1998 - Fellow, [[Australian Academy of Science]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.science.org.au/fellowship/fellows/dr-roger-everett-summons |title=Dr Roger Everett Summons |work=[[Australian Academy of Science]]}}</ref>
*1998 – Fellow, [[Australian Academy of Science]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.science.org.au/fellowship/fellows/dr-roger-everett-summons |title=Dr Roger Everett Summons |work=[[Australian Academy of Science]] |access-date=1 September 2019 |archive-date=1 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901020852/https://www.science.org.au/fellowship/fellows/dr-roger-everett-summons |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*2002 - Australian Organic Geochemistry Medal<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aca.unsw.edu.au/users/roger-summons |title=Public profile |work=Australian Centre for Astrobiology |access-date=2018-09-27}}</ref>
*2002 – Australian Organic Geochemistry Medal<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aca.unsw.edu.au/users/roger-summons |title=Public profile |work=Australian Centre for Astrobiology |access-date=2018-09-27}}</ref>
*2003 - [[Alfred E. Treibs]] Award of the [[Geochemical Society]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alfred Treibs Award |url=https://www.geochemsoc.org/honors/ogd-awards/alfredtreibsaward |work=[[Geochemical Society]] |access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref><ref name="GeoChemSociety">{{cite web |url=https://www.geochemsoc.org/files/3713/4436/8118/gn121.pdf |title=Citation for presentation of the 2004 Alfred E. Treibs Medal to Roger Summons |date=October 2004 |work=Newsletter of the Geochemical Society |number=121 |page=7 |first=John M. |last=Hayes |authorlink=John M. Hayes (scientist) |publisher=[[Geochemical Society]]}}</ref>
*2003 – [[Alfred E. Treibs]] Award of the [[Geochemical Society]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alfred Treibs Award |url=https://www.geochemsoc.org/honors/ogd-awards/alfredtreibsaward |work=[[Geochemical Society]] |access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref><ref name="GeoChemSociety">{{cite web |url=https://www.geochemsoc.org/files/3713/4436/8118/gn121.pdf |title=Citation for presentation of the 2004 Alfred E. Treibs Medal to Roger Summons |date=October 2004 |work=Newsletter of the Geochemical Society |number=121 |page=7 |first=John M. |last=Hayes |author-link=John M. Hayes (scientist) |publisher=[[Geochemical Society]]}}</ref>
*2005 - Halpern Medal, [[University of Wollongong]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Bert Halpern lecturers |url=http://www.uow.edu.au/content/groups/public/@web/@sci/@chem/documents/doc/uow019346.pdf |work=[[University of Wollongong]] |access-date=2013-06-05}}</ref>
*2005 – Halpern Medal, [[University of Wollongong]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Bert Halpern lecturers |url=http://www.uow.edu.au/content/groups/public/@web/@sci/@chem/documents/doc/uow019346.pdf |work=[[University of Wollongong]] |access-date=2013-06-05}}</ref>
*2006 - Fellow, [[American Geophysical Union]]<ref>{{cite web |title=AGU Fellows |url=http://sites.agu.org/honors/fellows/fellows-alpha-list/ |work=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=2013-06-05}}</ref>
*2006 – Fellow, [[American Geophysical Union]]<ref>{{cite web |title=AGU Fellows |url=http://sites.agu.org/honors/fellows/fellows-alpha-list/ |work=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=2013-06-05}}</ref>
*2008 - [[Alexander von Humboldt Foundation]] Research Award<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.marum.de/en/Humboldt_Awardee_comes_to_Bremen.html |title=Humboldt Awardee comes to Bremen: Renowned geochemist Roger Summons receives prestigious Humboldt Award for research in Bremen |access-date=2013-06-05 |work=Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202154347/http://www.marum.de/en/Humboldt_Awardee_comes_to_Bremen.html |archive-date=2009-02-02}}</ref>
*2008 – [[Alexander von Humboldt Foundation]] Research Award<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.marum.de/en/Humboldt_Awardee_comes_to_Bremen.html |title=Humboldt Awardee comes to Bremen: Renowned geochemist Roger Summons receives prestigious Humboldt Award for research in Bremen |access-date=2013-06-05 |work=Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202154347/http://www.marum.de/en/Humboldt_Awardee_comes_to_Bremen.html |archive-date=2009-02-02}}</ref>
*2008 - Fellow, [[Royal Society]]<ref name="frs">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117105954/https://royalsociety.org/people/roger-summons-12367/ |archive-date=2015-11-17 |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/roger-summons-12367/ |publisher=[[Royal Society]] |location=London |title=Professor Roger Summons FRS}} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{quote|"All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]." --{{cite web |url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies |accessdate=2016-03-09 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925220834/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |archivedate=September 25, 2015 }}}}</ref>
*2008 – Fellow, [[Royal Society]]<ref name="frs">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117105954/https://royalsociety.org/people/roger-summons-12367/ |archive-date=2015-11-17 |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/roger-summons-12367/ |publisher=[[Royal Society]] |location=London |title=Professor Roger Summons FRS}} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{blockquote|"All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]." --{{cite web |url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies |access-date=2016-03-09 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925220834/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |archive-date=September 25, 2015 }}}}</ref>
*2008 - Moore Distinguished Scholar, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, [[California Institute of Technology]]<ref>{{cite book |url=http://catalog.caltech.edu/documents/2682/catalog_08_09_part6.pdf |title=Moore Distinguished Scholars |work=2008 Caltech Catalog |year=2008 |page=555 |publisher=[[California Institute of Technology]]}}</ref>
*2008 – Moore Distinguished Scholar, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, [[California Institute of Technology]]<ref>{{cite book |url=http://catalog.caltech.edu/documents/2682/catalog_08_09_part6.pdf |title=Moore Distinguished Scholars |work=2008 Caltech Catalog |year=2008 |page=555 |publisher=[[California Institute of Technology]]}}</ref>
*2009 - Doctor of Science, Honoris Causa, [[University of Wollongong]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.uow.edu.au/alumni/honorary/doctorate/UOW228497.html |title=Roger Summons |work=[[University of Wollongong]] |access-date=2018-09-27}}</ref>
*2009 – Doctor of Science, Honoris Causa, [[University of Wollongong]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.uow.edu.au/alumni/honorary/doctorate/UOW228497.html |title=Roger Summons |work=[[University of Wollongong]] |access-date=2018-09-27}}</ref>
*2012 - Fellow, [[American Academy of Microbiology]]<ref name="three">{{cite web |url=http://academy.asm.org/index.php/fellows-info/fellows-elected-in-2012/348-roger-summons |title=Roger E. Summons |work=[[American Academy of Microbiology]] |access-date=2013-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422041753/http://academy.asm.org/index.php/fellows-info/fellows-elected-in-2012/348-roger-summons |archive-date=2013-04-22}}</ref>
*2012 – Fellow, [[American Academy of Microbiology]]<ref name="three">{{cite web |url=http://academy.asm.org/index.php/fellows-info/fellows-elected-in-2012/348-roger-summons |title=Roger E. Summons |work=[[American Academy of Microbiology]] |access-date=2013-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422041753/http://academy.asm.org/index.php/fellows-info/fellows-elected-in-2012/348-roger-summons |archive-date=2013-04-22}}</ref>
*2013 - Honorary Fellow, Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg (Institute for Advanced Study)<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.h-w-k.de/en/the-institute/research-areas/earth/fellows.html?tx_lvfellowdb_datenbank%5B@widget_0%5D%5BcurrentPage%5D=8&cHash=56bcdf2a8d9785a9547e412194b3f22c |title=Fellows |date=2018-04-09 |access-date=2018-09-27 |work=Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg}}</ref>
*2013 – Honorary Fellow, Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg (Institute for Advanced Study)<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.h-w-k.de/en/the-institute/research-areas/earth/fellows.html?tx_lvfellowdb_datenbank%5B@widget_0%5D%5BcurrentPage%5D=8&cHash=56bcdf2a8d9785a9547e412194b3f22c |title=Fellows |date=2018-04-09 |access-date=2018-09-27 |work=Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*2014 - Inaugural Fellow, Australian and New Zealand Society for Mass Spectrometry
*2014 – Inaugural Fellow, Australian and New Zealand Society for Mass Spectrometry
*2015 - Cox Visiting Professor, School of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University (through 2016) <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://profiles.stanford.edu/roger-summons |title=Roger Summons' Profile |work=[[Stanford University]] |access-date=2018-09-28}}{{dead link|date=August 2019}}</ref>
*2015 – Cox visiting professor, School of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University (through 2016)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://profiles.stanford.edu/roger-summons |title=Roger Summons' Profile |work=[[Stanford University]] |access-date=2018-09-28}}{{dead link|date=August 2019}}</ref>
*2020 – Fellow, National Academy of Sciences (NAS)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lauren |first=Hinkel |date=April 27, 2020 |title=Roger Summons Elected to the National Academy of Sciences |work=MIT EAPS News |url=https://eapsweb.mit.edu/news/2020/summons-elected-to-national-academy-of-sciences}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|35em}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
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[[Category:Fellows of the American Geophysical Union]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Geophysical Union]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Planetary scientists]]
[[Category:Biogeochemists]]
[[Category:Astrobiologists]]

Latest revision as of 01:38, 5 April 2024

Roger Everett Summons
FAA FRS
Born (1946-06-11) 11 June 1946 (age 78)[1]
Sydney, Australia
Alma materUniversity of New South Wales
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
ThesisThe alkaloids of some Australian and New Guinea plants (1971)
Doctoral advisorsEmery Gellert
J. Ellis
Websitesummons.mit.edu

Roger Everett Summons FAA FRS (born 11 June 1946) is the Schlumberger Professor of Geobiology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Professor of Geobiology in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences.[2]

Summons’ research spans biogeochemistry, geobiology, and astrobiology. His work employs organic geochemical methods to examine the lipid chemistry of modern and ancient microbes, the isotopic signatures of climate change, and the evolution and origins of life.

Summons was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2020.[3]

Education and early life

[edit]

Roger Summons was born on 11 June 1946 in Sydney,[1] and attended Lithgow High School. He earned his BSc (Honours Class I) in 1968[4] and PhD in 1971 in organic chemistry from the Wollongong University College of the University of New South Wales.[5][6] This institution is now the University of Wollongong.[7] Summons' doctoral supervisors were professors Emery Gellert and J. Ellis.[5] Following graduation, Summons completed a two-year fellowship in the genetics department, Stanford University, from 1972 to 1973 before starting postdoctoral and research fellowships in the Research School of Chemistry at the Australian National University. At Stanford, Summons worked under the direction of Alan Duffield and Joshua Lederberg.[8]

Research and career

[edit]

Before joining MIT as a professor of geobiology in 2001, he held appointments at the Australian National University’s Research School of Biological Sciences from 1977 to 1983, and at Geoscience Australia, Canberra from 1983 to 2001, where he led a research team that focused on the characterization of the biogeochemical carbon cycle and the nature and habitat of Australian petroleum.[9]

Summons is particularly known for the application of organic geochemical techniques to sediments of Precambrian age and modern microbes to increase the understanding of the early evolution of life on Earth. Summons is a member of the editorial boards of the peer-reviewed scientific journals Astrobiology, Geobiology, and Palaeoworld since their inception. He also served as associate editor of the peer-reviewed scientific journal Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta from 1995 to 2006.

From 2003 to 2007, Summons served on three committees of the US National Research Council including the Committee on Origin and Evolution of Life, the Committee on Limits of Life, and the Committee on Mars Astrobiology. Summons served as NASA co-chair of the organic contamination panel for the Mars 2020 Rover,[10] and was a member of the NASA Astrobiology Institute Executive Council from 2008 to 2017. During that time, he led the Foundations of Complex Life, the MIT NASA Astrobiology Institute team which interrogated the environmental, ecological, and genetic factors that lead to the evolution of complex life.[11][12]

In addition to actively teaching both graduate and undergraduate courses at MIT, Summons is engaged as a collaborator with the search for organics on Mars as a member of the SAM Team of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission. He is also an investigator in the Simons Collaboration on the Origins of Life (SCOL).[13]

Selected papers

[edit]
  • Molecular biosignatures: generic qualities of organic compounds that betray biological origins[14]
  • Ancient biomolecules: their origin, fossilization and significance in revealing the history of life[15]
  • Assessing the distribution of sedimentary C40 carotenoids through time[16]
  • Rapid oxidation of Earth's atmosphere 2.33 billion years ago[17]
  • Paleoproterozoic sterol biosynthesis and the rise of oxygen[18]
  • The ‘Dirty Ice’ of the McMurdo Ice Shelf: Analogues for biological oases during the Cryogenian[19]
  • Organic matter preserved in 3-billion-year-old mudstones at Gale crater[20]
  • Steroids, triterpenoids and molecular oxygen[21]
  • 2-Methylhopanoids as biomarkers for cyanobacterial oxygenic photosynthesis[22]
  • Chlorobiaceae in Palaeozoic seas - Combined evidence from biological markers, isotopes and geology[23]

Honors and awards

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Summons, Roger Everett, (FAA) (1946–)". Encyclopedia of Australian Science. National Library of Australia.
  2. ^ "Summons, Roger | MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences". eapsweb.mit.edu. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
  3. ^ "2020 NAS Election".
  4. ^ Summons, Roger (1968). The synthesis of phenanthropiperidines (B.S., with honours thesis). Wollongong University College, The University of New South Wales. OCLC 221091817.
  5. ^ a b Summons, Roger (1971). The alkaloids of some Australian and New Guinea plants (PhD thesis). Wollongong University College, The University of N.S.W. OCLC 221056730.
  6. ^ "Roger Summons – Alumni @ UOW". University of Wollongong.
  7. ^ Formerly known as the Wollongong University College of UNSW, then part of the University of New South Wales before the University of Wollongong gained its autonomy in 1975.
  8. ^ a b Hayes, John M. (October 2004). "Citation for presentation of the 2004 Alfred E. Treibs Medal to Roger Summons" (PDF). Newsletter of the Geochemical Society. Geochemical Society. p. 7.
  9. ^ "The Summons Lab • Geobiology and Astrobiology at MIT » Roger Summons". summons.mit.edu. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
  10. ^ "NASA Astrobiology". astrobiology.nasa.gov. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
  11. ^ "| NASA Astrobiology Institute". nai.nasa.gov. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
  12. ^ "NASA Astrobiology Institute". nai.nasa.gov. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
  13. ^ "Roger E. Summons | Simons Foundation". www.simonsfoundation.org. 10 August 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
  14. ^ Summons, Roger E.; Albrecht, Pierre; McDonald, Gene; Moldowan, J. Michael (10 October 2007). "Molecular Biosignatures". Space Science Reviews. 135 (1–4): 133–159. doi:10.1007/s11214-007-9256-5. ISSN 0038-6308. S2CID 189770934.
  15. ^ Briggs, Derek E. G.; Summons, Roger E. (13 March 2014). "Ancient biomolecules: Their origins, fossilization, and role in revealing the history of life". BioEssays. 36 (5): 482–490. doi:10.1002/bies.201400010. ISSN 0265-9247. PMID 24623098. S2CID 26699744.
  16. ^ French, K. L.; Rocher, D.; Zumberge, J. E.; Summons, R. E. (28 January 2015). "Assessing the distribution of sedimentary C40carotenoids through time". Geobiology. 13 (2): 139–151. Bibcode:2015Gbio...13..139F. doi:10.1111/gbi.12126. ISSN 1472-4677. PMID 25631735. S2CID 22535663.
  17. ^ Luo, Genming; Ono, Shuhei; Beukes, Nicolas J.; Wang, David T.; Xie, Shucheng; Summons, Roger E. (1 May 2016). "Rapid oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere 2.33 billion years ago". Science Advances. 2 (5): e1600134. Bibcode:2016SciA....2E0134L. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1600134. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 4928975. PMID 27386544.
  18. ^ Gold, David A.; Caron, Abigail; Fournier, Gregory P.; Summons, Roger E. (March 2017). "Paleoproterozoic sterol biosynthesis and the rise of oxygen" (PDF). Nature. 543 (7645): 420–423. Bibcode:2017Natur.543..420G. doi:10.1038/nature21412. hdl:1721.1/128450. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 28264195. S2CID 205254122.
  19. ^ Hawes, I.; Jungblut, A. D.; Matys, E. D.; Summons, R. E. (12 March 2018). "The "Dirty Ice" of the McMurdo Ice Shelf: Analogues for biological oases during the Cryogenian". Geobiology. 16 (4): 369–377. Bibcode:2018Gbio...16..369H. doi:10.1111/gbi.12280. hdl:1721.1/140848.2. ISSN 1472-4677. PMID 29527802. S2CID 3885072.
  20. ^ Eigenbrode, Jennifer L.; Summons, Roger E.; Steele, Andrew; Freissinet, Caroline; Millan, Maëva; Navarro-González, Rafael; Sutter, Brad; McAdam, Amy C.; Franz, Heather B. (8 June 2018). "Organic matter preserved in 3-billion-year-old mudstones at Gale crater, Mars". Science. 360 (6393): 1096–1101. Bibcode:2018Sci...360.1096E. doi:10.1126/science.aas9185. hdl:10044/1/60810. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 29880683.
  21. ^ Summons, R. E; Bradley, A. S; Jahnke, L. L; Waldbauer, J. R (2006). "Steroids, triterpenoids and molecular oxygen". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 361 (1470): 951–968. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1837. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 1578733. PMID 16754609.
  22. ^ Summons, Roger E.; Jahnke, Linda L.; Hope, Janet M.; Logan, Graham A. (1999). "2-Methylhopanoids as biomarkers for cyanobacterial oxygenic photosynthesis". Nature. 400 (6744): 554–557. Bibcode:1999Natur.400..554S. doi:10.1038/23005. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 10448856. S2CID 204995022.
  23. ^ Summons, Roger E.; Powell, Trevor G. (1986). "Chlorobiaceae in Palaeozoic seas revealed by biological markers, isotopes and geology". Nature. 319 (6056): 763–765. Bibcode:1986Natur.319..763S. doi:10.1038/319763a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4368960.
  24. ^ "Biographical entry Summons, Roger Everett (1946 - )". Encyclopedia of Australian Science. 26 May 2006. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  25. ^ Summons, Roger (2016). "CV" (PDF). Massachusetts Institute of Technology.>
  26. ^ "Dr Roger Everett Summons". Australian Academy of Science. Archived from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  27. ^ "Public profile". Australian Centre for Astrobiology. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  28. ^ "Alfred Treibs Award". Geochemical Society. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  29. ^ "Bert Halpern lecturers" (PDF). University of Wollongong. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  30. ^ "AGU Fellows". American Geophysical Union. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  31. ^ "Humboldt Awardee comes to Bremen: Renowned geochemist Roger Summons receives prestigious Humboldt Award for research in Bremen". Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM) (Press release). Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  32. ^ "Professor Roger Summons FRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:

    "All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." --"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  33. ^ Moore Distinguished Scholars (PDF). California Institute of Technology. 2008. p. 555. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  34. ^ "Roger Summons". University of Wollongong. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  35. ^ "Roger E. Summons". American Academy of Microbiology. Archived from the original on 22 April 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  36. ^ "Fellows". Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg. 9 April 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2018.[permanent dead link‍]
  37. ^ "Roger Summons' Profile". Stanford University. Retrieved 28 September 2018.[dead link‍]
  38. ^ Lauren, Hinkel (27 April 2020). "Roger Summons Elected to the National Academy of Sciences". MIT EAPS News.
[edit]

Official website

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Roger_Everett_Summons&oldid=1217306117"