Welf VI: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|German noble (1115–1191)}} |
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{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}} |
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{{More citations needed|date=July 2020}} |
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[[Image:Stifterbüchlein 38v Welf VI.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Welf VI., portrait in the ''Weingartener Stifterbüchlein'', ca. 1500 ([[Württembergische Landesbibliothek]], Cod. hist. Q 584, fol. 38v)]] |
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{{Infobox royalty |
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[[Image:Welf VI mit Welf VII.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Welf VI and [[Welf VII]] from Steingaden Abbey.]] |
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| name = Welf VI |
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| title = |
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| image = Wgt Stifterbüchlein 38r.jpg |
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| caption = |
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| alt = |
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| CoA = |
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| more = no |
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| succession = [[Margrave of Tuscany]] |
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| reign = 1152–1160<br>1167–1173 |
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| predecessor = [[Ulrich of Attems]]<br>[[Welf VII]] |
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| successor = [[Welf VII]]<br>''Vacant'' |
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| succession1 = [[Duke of Spoleto]] |
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| reign1 = 1152–1160<br>1167–1173 |
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| predecessor1 = [[Ulrich of Attems]]<br>[[Welf VII]] |
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| successor1 = [[Welf VII]]<br>[[Ridelulf of Spoleto|Ridelulf]] |
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| spouse = [[Uta of Schauenburg]] |
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| issue = [[Welf VII]]<br>Elisabeth |
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| styles = |
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| other_titles = |
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| house = [[House of Welf|Welf]] |
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| house-type = |
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| father = [[Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria]] |
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| mother = [[Wulfhilde of Saxony]] |
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| birth_name = |
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| birth_date = 1115 |
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| birth_place = |
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| death_date = 15 December 1191 (aged 75/76) |
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}} |
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==Biography== |
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Welf inherited the familial possessions in [[Swabia]], including the counties of [[Altdorf]] and [[Ravensburg]], while his eldest brother [[Henry X, Duke of Bavaria|Henry the Proud]] received the duchies of [[Bavaria]] and [[Saxony]] and his elder brother Conrad entered the church. Henry married Welf to Uta, the daughter of [[Godfrey of Calw]], [[count palatine of the Rhine]]. On Godfrey's death in 1131, a dispute opened up between Godfrey's nephew [[Adalbert IV of Calw|Adalbert]] and Welf over the inheritance of [[Calw]]. |
Welf inherited the familial possessions in [[Swabia]], including the counties of [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Altdorf]] and [[Ravensburg]], while his eldest brother [[Henry X, Duke of Bavaria|Henry the Proud]] received the duchies of [[Bavaria]] and [[Saxony]] and his elder brother [[Conrad of Bavaria|Conrad]] entered the church. Henry married Welf to [[Uta of Schauenburg|Uta]], the daughter of [[Godfrey of Calw]], [[count palatine of the Rhine]]. On Godfrey's death in 1131, a dispute opened up between Godfrey's nephew [[Adalbert IV of Calw|Adalbert]] and Welf over the inheritance of [[Calw]]. |
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[[File:Arms of Welf ancient.png|thumb|left|The ancient arms of the House of Welf: ''Or a lion azure rampant'']] |
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When [[Conrad III of Germany]], Frederick's uncle, confiscated the duchy of Bavaria in 1142, Welf joined his brother in rebelling. Even though, Conrad III and Welf VI had gone on the [[Second Crusade]] together,{{sfn|Freed|2016|pp=51–53}} Welf and his son, [[Welf VII]], were defeated by [[Henry Berengar]], son of Conrad III, at the [[Battle of Flochberg]]. |
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⚫ | In 1152, the Welfs and the [[Hohenstaufen]] made peace and [[Frederick Barbarossa]] was elected king. He returned Bavaria to Henry's son [[Henry the Lion]] in 1156. In October 1152, at [[Würzburg]], Frederick gave Welf, as the head of his family, the [[duchy of Spoleto]], [[Rulers of Tuscany|margraviate of Tuscany]], and principality of [[Sardinia]] among other Italian properties. |
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⚫ | When Welf's aforementioned only son died of [[malaria]] at [[Rome]] in 1167, while campaigning with Barbarossa against [[Pope Alexander III]], Henry demanded the inheritance of all the Welf estates. Welf demanded in return a large sum of money, which Henry did not raise. Welf therefore gave his Italian states to the emperor. Welf remained in charge of his Italian duchies until 1173, while [[Christian, Archbishop of Mainz|Christian]], [[Archbishop of Mainz]], was imperial [[vicar]]. |
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⚫ | A rift between Henry and Barbarossa over an Italian campaign in 1176 provided the basis for the proceedings against Henry in 1179 which finally deprived him of all his estates, including those |
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⚫ | When Welf's aforementioned only son died of [[malaria]] at [[Rome]] in 1167, while campaigning with Barbarossa against [[Pope Alexander III]], Henry demanded the inheritance of all the Welf estates. Welf demanded in return a large sum of money, which Henry did not raise. Welf therefore gave his Italian states to the emperor. Welf remained in charge of his Italian duchies until 1173, while [[Christian I, Archbishop of Mainz|Christian]], [[Archbishop of Mainz]], was imperial [[vicar]]. |
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⚫ | Welf was a patron of churches |
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⚫ | A rift between Henry and Barbarossa over an Italian campaign in 1176 provided the basis for the proceedings against Henry in 1179, which finally deprived him of all his estates, including those he had purchased from Welf. These were given back to Welf, who gave them to Barbarossa's heir, the [[duke of Swabia]], on his death in 1191. Thus, all the Swabian Welf estates passed to the Hohenstaufen, descended from Welf's sister Judith. The male line of Welfs, descended from Henry the Lion, remained with their [[Billung]] patrimony in northern Germany. |
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⚫ | Welf was a patron of churches. He was buried in the [[Premonstratensian]] monastery that he founded, [[Steingaden Abbey]] in Bavaria, where his son had also been buried, while most of the other early Guelphs are buried in [[Weingarten Abbey]]. He was the patron of the ''[[Historia Welforum]]'', the first medieval chronicle of his dynasty. |
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===Issue=== |
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Welf had at least two children with Uta: |
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* Elisabeth (c. 1135 ); married Rudolf, Count of Pfullendorf |
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* [[Welf VII]] (c. 1140–1167 ); Duke of Spoleto and Margrave of Tuscany |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==Bibliography== |
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* {{cite book | last = Freed | first = John | year = 2016 | title = Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth | publisher = Yale University Press | location = New Haven, CT | isbn = 978-0-300-122763 }} |
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{{S-reg|it}} |
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|- |
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{{S-bef|before=[[Ulrich of Attems]]|rows=2}} |
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{{S-vac|last=[[Werner II of Spoleto|Werner II]]|reason=Possession of [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick Barbarossa]]|rows=2}} |
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{{S-ttl|title= [[List of rulers of Tuscany|Margrave of Tuscany]]|years=1152–1160}} |
{{S-ttl|title= [[List of rulers of Tuscany|Margrave of Tuscany]]|years=1152–1160}} |
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{{S-aft|after=[[Welf VII |
{{S-aft|after=[[Welf VII]]|rows=2}} |
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{{S-ttl|title=[[List of Dukes of Spoleto |
{{S-ttl|title=[[List of Dukes of Spoleto|Duke of Spoleto]]|years=1152–1160}} |
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{{S-bef|before=[[Welf VII |
{{S-bef|before=[[Welf VII]]|rows=2}} |
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{{S-ttl|title= [[List of rulers of Tuscany|Margrave of Tuscany]]|years=1167–1173}} |
{{S-ttl|title= [[List of rulers of Tuscany|Margrave of Tuscany]]|years=1167–1173}} |
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{{S-vac|next=[[Philip of Swabia|Philip]]}} |
{{S-vac|next=[[Philip of Swabia|Philip]]}} |
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|- |
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{{S-ttl|title=[[List of Dukes of Spoleto |
{{S-ttl|title=[[List of Dukes of Spoleto|Duke of Spoleto]]|years=1167–1173}} |
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{{S-vac|next=[[Ridelulf of Spoleto|Ridelulf]]}} |
{{S-vac|next=[[Ridelulf of Spoleto|Ridelulf]]}} |
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{{ |
{{s-end}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Margraves of Tuscany]] |
[[Category:Margraves of Tuscany]] |
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[[Category:Dukes of Spoleto]] |
[[Category:Dukes of Spoleto]] |
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[[Category:House of Welf]] |
[[Category:House of Welf]] |
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[[Category:Italian nobility]] |
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[[Category:German nobility]] |
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[[Category:1115 births]] |
[[Category:1115 births]] |
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[[Category:1191 deaths]] |
[[Category:1191 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Christians of the Second Crusade]] |
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[[de:Welf VI.]] |
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[[es:Güelfo VI]] |
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[[nl:Welf VI der Welfen]] |
Latest revision as of 15:33, 5 April 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2020) |
Welf VI | |
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Margrave of Tuscany | |
Reign | 1152–1160 1167–1173 |
Predecessor | Ulrich of Attems Welf VII |
Successor | Welf VII Vacant |
Duke of Spoleto | |
Reign | 1152–1160 1167–1173 |
Predecessor | Ulrich of Attems Welf VII |
Successor | Welf VII Ridelulf |
Born | 1115 |
Died | 15 December 1191 (aged 75/76) |
Spouse | Uta of Schauenburg |
Issue | Welf VII Elisabeth |
House | Welf |
Father | Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria |
Mother | Wulfhilde of Saxony |
Welf VI (1115 – 15 December 1191) was the margrave of Tuscany (1152–1162) and duke of Spoleto (1152–1162), the third son of Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria, and a member of the illustrious family of the Welf (House of Guelph).
Biography
[edit]Welf inherited the familial possessions in Swabia, including the counties of Altdorf and Ravensburg, while his eldest brother Henry the Proud received the duchies of Bavaria and Saxony and his elder brother Conrad entered the church. Henry married Welf to Uta, the daughter of Godfrey of Calw, count palatine of the Rhine. On Godfrey's death in 1131, a dispute opened up between Godfrey's nephew Adalbert and Welf over the inheritance of Calw.
Welf was an uncle to the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (Barbarossa's mother, Judith, was Welf's sister). Welf himself was only a decade or less older than his nephew, during whose reign most of Welf's activity occurred.
When Conrad III of Germany, Frederick's uncle, confiscated the duchy of Bavaria in 1142, Welf joined his brother in rebelling. Even though, Conrad III and Welf VI had gone on the Second Crusade together,[1] Welf and his son, Welf VII, were defeated by Henry Berengar, son of Conrad III, at the Battle of Flochberg.
In 1152, the Welfs and the Hohenstaufen made peace and Frederick Barbarossa was elected king. He returned Bavaria to Henry's son Henry the Lion in 1156. In October 1152, at Würzburg, Frederick gave Welf, as the head of his family, the duchy of Spoleto, margraviate of Tuscany, and principality of Sardinia among other Italian properties.
Beginning in the 1150s, a feud broke out between Welf (along with his son Welf VII) against Hugh of Tübingen, count palatine of Swabia. It came to a head between 1164 and 1166 and ended with the resolution of the emperor himself, generally on the side of the Welfs.
When Welf's aforementioned only son died of malaria at Rome in 1167, while campaigning with Barbarossa against Pope Alexander III, Henry demanded the inheritance of all the Welf estates. Welf demanded in return a large sum of money, which Henry did not raise. Welf therefore gave his Italian states to the emperor. Welf remained in charge of his Italian duchies until 1173, while Christian, Archbishop of Mainz, was imperial vicar.
A rift between Henry and Barbarossa over an Italian campaign in 1176 provided the basis for the proceedings against Henry in 1179, which finally deprived him of all his estates, including those he had purchased from Welf. These were given back to Welf, who gave them to Barbarossa's heir, the duke of Swabia, on his death in 1191. Thus, all the Swabian Welf estates passed to the Hohenstaufen, descended from Welf's sister Judith. The male line of Welfs, descended from Henry the Lion, remained with their Billung patrimony in northern Germany.
Welf was a patron of churches. He was buried in the Premonstratensian monastery that he founded, Steingaden Abbey in Bavaria, where his son had also been buried, while most of the other early Guelphs are buried in Weingarten Abbey. He was the patron of the Historia Welforum, the first medieval chronicle of his dynasty.
Issue
[edit]Welf had at least two children with Uta:
- Elisabeth (c. 1135 ); married Rudolf, Count of Pfullendorf
- Welf VII (c. 1140–1167 ); Duke of Spoleto and Margrave of Tuscany
References
[edit]- ^ Freed 2016, pp. 51–53.
Bibliography
[edit]- Freed, John (2016). Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-122763.