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{{short description|American limnologist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = JoAnn Marie Burkholder
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| othername =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1953
| birth_place = Rockford, Illinois
| death_date =
| death_place =
| burial_place =
| nationality = American
| alma_mater = [[Iowa State University]]<br>[[University of Rhode Island]]<br>[[Michigan State University]]
| occupation = [[Aquatic ecosystem|aquatic ecology]] professor
| years_active =
| known_for = Causes of fish deaths
}}
'''JoAnn Marie Burkholder''' (born 1953) is an American professor of [[Aquatic ecosystem|aquatic ecology]] at the [[North Carolina State University]], Raleigh. She was responsible for identifying the cause, a dinoflagellate ''Pfiesteria piscicida'' and its toxins, of mass deaths of fish that posed a public health hazard. Her studies also helped in improving legislation to control pollution and eutrophication.
'''JoAnn Marie Burkholder''' (born 1953) is an American professor of [[Aquatic ecosystem|aquatic ecology]] at the [[North Carolina State University]], Raleigh. She was responsible for identifying the cause, a dinoflagellate ''Pfiesteria piscicida'' and its toxins, of mass deaths of fish that posed a public health hazard. Her studies also helped in improving legislation to control pollution and eutrophication.


== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Burkholder was born in 1953 in Rockford, Illinois.
Burkholder was born in 1953 in Rockford, Illinois.


== Education ==
== Education ==
Burkholder received a bachelor's degree from [[Iowa State University]] in 1975 followed by an MS from [[University of Rhode Island]] (1981) and a Ph.D. from Michigan State University in 1986.
Burkholder received a bachelor's degree from [[Iowa State University]] in 1975 followed by an MS from [[University of Rhode Island]] (1981) and a Ph.D. from [[Michigan State University]] in 1986.


== Career ==
== Career ==
Burkholder investigated fish deaths in a laboratory and found that the cause of that and deaths in North Carolina rivers were due to a dinoflagellate ''[[Pfiesteria piscicida]]'' which was normally found in the bottom sediment where they feed on organic debris normally but infect fish during migrator runs. The toxins from the dinoflagellate also affect humans, causing skin irritation, breathing difficulties and memory loss. The fish-killing forms of ''Pfiesteria'' tended to be associated with high nutrient flows into waters from agricultural and urban waste. The identity of the organism causing the fish kill and the circumstances under which it occurs led to a big public debate as well as within the biological community and was the subject of a book ''And the Waters Turned to Blood'' (1997) by Rodney Barker.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/97/04/27/reviews/970427.27mannlt.html| date=April 27, 1997|title=Books: Wet and Nasty|author=Mann, Charles C.|publisher=New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Burkholder|first=JoAnn M.|last2=Glasgow|first2=Howard B.|date=2001|title=History of Toxic Pfiesteria in North Carolina Estuaries from 1991 to the Present|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/51/10/827-841/245234|journal=BioScience|language=en|volume=51|issue=10|pages=827|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0827:hotpin]2.0.co;2|issn=0006-3568|via=}}</ref> Her research led to improvements in laws to control [[Nonpoint source pollution|non-point pollution]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/25/science/in-a-sealed-lab-a-warrior-against-pollution.html|publisher=New York Times|title=In a Sealed Lab, A Warrior Against Pollution|author=Broad, William J.|date=March 27, 1997}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|jstor=44127660 |title=Science Ethics and its Role in Early Suppression of the Pfiesteria Issue |journal=Human Organization |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=443–455 |last1=Burkholder |first1=Joann M |last2=Glasgow |first2=Howard B |year=1999 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Burkholder|first=Joann M.|last2=Glasgow|first2=Howard B.|last3=Deamer-Mella|first3=Nora|date=2001|title=Overview and present status of the toxic Pfiesteria complex (Dinophyceae)|url=http://www.phycologia.org/doi/abs/10.2216/i0031-8884-40-3-186.1|journal=Phycologia|language=en-US|volume=40|issue=3|pages=186–214|doi=10.2216/i0031-8884-40-3-186.1|issn=0031-8884|via=}}</ref>
Burkholder investigated fish deaths in a laboratory and found that the cause of that and deaths in North Carolina rivers were due to a dinoflagellate ''[[Pfiesteria piscicida]]'' which was normally found in the bottom sediment where they feed on organic debris normally but infect fish during migrator runs. The toxins from the dinoflagellate also affect humans, causing skin irritation, breathing difficulties and memory loss. The fish-killing forms of ''Pfiesteria'' tended to be associated with high nutrient flows into waters from agricultural and urban waste. The identity of the organism causing the fish kill and the circumstances under which it occurs led to a big public debate as well as within the biological community and was the subject of a book ''And the Waters Turned to Blood'' (1997) by Rodney Barker.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/97/04/27/reviews/970427.27mannlt.html| date=April 27, 1997|title=Books: Wet and Nasty|author=Mann, Charles C.|work=New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Burkholder|first1=JoAnn M.|last2=Glasgow|first2=Howard B.|date=2001|title=History of Toxic Pfiesteria in North Carolina Estuaries from 1991 to the Present|journal=BioScience|language=en|volume=51|issue=10|pages=827|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0827:hotpin]2.0.co;2|issn=0006-3568|doi-access=free}}</ref> Her research led to improvements in laws to control [[Nonpoint source pollution|non-point pollution]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/25/science/in-a-sealed-lab-a-warrior-against-pollution.html|work=New York Times|title=In a Sealed Lab, A Warrior Against Pollution|author=Broad, William J.|date=March 27, 1997}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|jstor=44127660 |title=Science Ethics and its Role in Early Suppression of the Pfiesteria Issue |journal=Human Organization |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=443–455 |last1=Burkholder |first1=Joann M |last2=Glasgow |first2=Howard B |year=1999 |doi=10.17730/humo.58.4.976098q356672751 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Burkholder|first1=Joann M.|last2=Glasgow|first2=Howard B.|last3=Deamer-Mella|first3=Nora|date=2001|title=Overview and present status of the toxic Pfiesteria complex (Dinophyceae)|journal=Phycologia|language=en-US|volume=40|issue=3|pages=186–214|doi=10.2216/i0031-8884-40-3-186.1|s2cid=85357344 |issn=0031-8884}}</ref>


Burkholder received the [[Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award]] from the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] in 1998.
Burkholder received the [[Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award]] from the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] in 1998.
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== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/sustain/global/sensem/S98/Baythavong/Pfiesteria.html The Cell from Hell]
* [http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/sustain/global/sensem/S98/Baythavong/Pfiesteria.html The Cell from Hell]

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Burkholder, JoAnn Marie}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Iowa State University alumni]]
[[Category:Iowa State University alumni]]
[[Category:Limnologists]]
[[Category:American limnologists]]
[[Category:North Carolina State University faculty]]
[[Category:North Carolina State University faculty]]
[[Category:Women ecologists]]
[[Category:American women ecologists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Women limnologists]]

Latest revision as of 04:19, 7 April 2024

JoAnn Marie Burkholder
Born1953
Rockford, Illinois
NationalityAmerican
Alma materIowa State University
University of Rhode Island
Michigan State University
Occupationaquatic ecology professor
Known forCauses of fish deaths

JoAnn Marie Burkholder (born 1953) is an American professor of aquatic ecology at the North Carolina State University, Raleigh. She was responsible for identifying the cause, a dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida and its toxins, of mass deaths of fish that posed a public health hazard. Her studies also helped in improving legislation to control pollution and eutrophication.

Early life

[edit]

Burkholder was born in 1953 in Rockford, Illinois.

Education

[edit]

Burkholder received a bachelor's degree from Iowa State University in 1975 followed by an MS from University of Rhode Island (1981) and a Ph.D. from Michigan State University in 1986.

Career

[edit]

Burkholder investigated fish deaths in a laboratory and found that the cause of that and deaths in North Carolina rivers were due to a dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida which was normally found in the bottom sediment where they feed on organic debris normally but infect fish during migrator runs. The toxins from the dinoflagellate also affect humans, causing skin irritation, breathing difficulties and memory loss. The fish-killing forms of Pfiesteria tended to be associated with high nutrient flows into waters from agricultural and urban waste. The identity of the organism causing the fish kill and the circumstances under which it occurs led to a big public debate as well as within the biological community and was the subject of a book And the Waters Turned to Blood (1997) by Rodney Barker.[1][2] Her research led to improvements in laws to control non-point pollution.[3][4][5]

Burkholder received the Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award from the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1998.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Mann, Charles C. (April 27, 1997). "Books: Wet and Nasty". New York Times.
  2. ^ Burkholder, JoAnn M.; Glasgow, Howard B. (2001). "History of Toxic Pfiesteria in North Carolina Estuaries from 1991 to the Present". BioScience. 51 (10): 827. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0827:hotpin]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0006-3568.
  3. ^ Broad, William J. (March 27, 1997). "In a Sealed Lab, A Warrior Against Pollution". New York Times.
  4. ^ Burkholder, Joann M; Glasgow, Howard B (1999). "Science Ethics and its Role in Early Suppression of the Pfiesteria Issue". Human Organization. 58 (4): 443–455. doi:10.17730/humo.58.4.976098q356672751. JSTOR 44127660.
  5. ^ Burkholder, Joann M.; Glasgow, Howard B.; Deamer-Mella, Nora (2001). "Overview and present status of the toxic Pfiesteria complex (Dinophyceae)". Phycologia. 40 (3): 186–214. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-40-3-186.1. ISSN 0031-8884. S2CID 85357344.
[edit]
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