Bigotry: Difference between revisions
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{{Redirect|Bigot|people named Bigot and other meanings|Bigot (disambiguation)}} |
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The English noun ''[[:wikt:bigot|bigot]]'' is a term used to describe a [[prejudice]]d or closed-minded person, especially one who is intolerant or hostile towards [[Outgroup (sociology)|different social groups]] (e.g. [[Race (human categorization)|racial]] or [[religious denomination|religious]] groups), and especially one whose own beliefs are |
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{{R from synonym}} |
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perceived as unreasonable or excessively narrow-minded, [[superstitious]], or [[hypocritical]].<ref>''[[Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]'' (1913): "Bigot (n.) A hypocrite; esp., a superstitious hypocrite. |
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{{R with history}} |
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Bigot (n.) A person who regards his own faith and views in matters of religion as unquestionably right, and any belief or opinion opposed to or differing from them as unreasonable or wicked. In an extended sense, a person who is intolerant of opinions which conflict with his own, as in politics or morals; one obstinately and blindly devoted to his own church, party, belief, or opinion"; |
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{{cite web|title=Oxford Dictionaries|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/bigotry}}: "Intolerance towards those who hold different opinions from oneself"; |
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{{cite web|title=Cambridge Dictionaries|url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/bigot}}: "a person who has strong, unreasonable beliefs and who does not like other people who have different beliefs or a different way of life";</ref> |
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The abstract noun is ''[[:wikt:bigotry|bigotry]]''. |
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The word was adopted into English from [[Middle French]] by 1598, at first with a sense of "religious [[Hypocrisy|hypocrite]]". |
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The word is recorded in the same sense in French as ''[[:wiktionary:bigot|bigot]]'' since the 15th century, and was loaned into English as well as into [[Italian language|Italian]] ([[:wiktionary:bigotto|bigotto]]) and German (bigott). Around 1900, the word ''bigot'' meant in French someone who has an excessive, narrow or petty religious devotion.<ref>''Le Nouveau Larousse Illustré – Dictionnaire universel encyclopédique'' (1897-1904 - 2nd volume, page 77)</ref> |
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In [[Old French]], the word is recorded in the 12th century as a derogatory term applied to the [[Normans]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Word Histories And Mysteries: From Abracadabra to Zeus |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company |year=2004 |isbn=0-618-45450-0 |page=24}}</ref> and is likely based in the Germanic oath formula ''bī god'' (i.e. "by God").<ref> "bigott" in Pfeifer, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen'', 2nd ed. 1993. |
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Pfeifer mentions Best, ''Die Neueren Sprachen'' N. F. 18 (1969) 497 ff. as suggesting Yiddish ''begotisch'' "pious" as a possible source. See also [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bigot "bigot"]. ''[[Online Etymology Dictionary]]''.</ref> |
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Compare, as parallel formations, the French ''[[les goddams]]'' to refer to the English after their favorite curse; similarly [[Clément Janequin]]'s "La Guerre,"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tard-bourrichon.fr/musique%20JANEQUIN%20Bataille.html |title=La Guerre (La Bataille de Marignan) de Clément Janequin |publisher=Tard Bourrichon|language=fr}}</ref> which is about the [[Battle of Marignano]], similarly uses the [[Swiss German]] curse "bigot" (i.e. "by god!") in a context about the [[Protestant]] [[Swiss people|Swiss]]. |
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[[William Camden]] writes that the [[Normans]] were first called bigots when their Duke [[Rollo of Normandy|Rollo]], who when receiving Gisla, daughter of [[Charles the Simple|King Charles]], in marriage, and with her the investiture of the dukedom, refused to kiss the king's foot in token of subjection unless the king would hold it out for that specific purpose and was urged to do so by those present, answered hastily "No, by God", whereupon the King, turning about, called him ''bigot'', which then passed from him to his people.<ref>{{1728|title=Bigot|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126081922/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/HistSciTech/HistSciTech-idx?type=turn&entity=HistSciTech000900240251&isize=L}}</ref> |
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The twelfth-century Norman author [[Wace]] also records that ''bigot'' was an insult which the French used against the Normans.<ref>{{cite book |title=Dictionary of Word Origins: The Histories of More Than 8,000 English-Language Words |first=John |last=Ayto |publisher=Arcade Publishing |year=1990}}</ref> |
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[[Henry Bradley]] (1891) proposed that the word originated as a corruption of the name of the [[Visigoths]]; Bradley argued that to the [[Catholicism|Catholic]] [[Franks]], the [[Arian]] [[Visigoths]] of southern France and Spain were the objects of bitter hatred, both on religious and secular grounds.<ref>Bradley, Henry, ''The Story of the Goths'', XXXI, 329. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1891.</ref> |
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==See also== |
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* [[Purist]] |
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* [[Yobaz]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
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==External links== |
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* {{wiktionary-inline|bigotry}} |
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* {{wikiquote-inline}} |
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[[Category:Prejudices]] |
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[[Category:Pejorative terms for people]] |
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