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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox church
{{Infobox church
| name = St. Martin, Ludgate
| name = St. Martin, Ludgate
| fullname =
| fullname =

| color =
| image =MartinLudgate.jpg
| image =File:Church of St Martin, Ludgate (Southwest View - 01).jpg
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| caption = St Martin, Ludgate (with [[St Paul's Cathedral|St Paul's]] in the background, right)
| caption = St Martin, Ludgate (with [[St Paul's Cathedral|St Paul's]] in the background, right)

| landscape =
| denomination = [[Anglican]]
| denomination = [[Church of England]]
| previous denomination = [[Roman Catholic]]
| diocese = [[Diocese of London|London]]
| diocese = [[Diocese of London|London]]
| parish =
| parish =
| division =
| division =
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
| founded_date =
| founded date =
| founder =
| founder =
| architect = Sir [[Christopher Wren]]
| architect = Sir [[Christopher Wren]]
| style = [[Baroque]]
| style = [[Baroque]]
| heritage designation = Grade I [[listed building]]
| constructed_date =
| years built =
| dedicated_date =
| closed_date =
| dedicated date =
| demolished_date =
| closed date =
| demolished date =
| bishop =
| bishop =
| priest =
| priest =
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| seniorpastor =
| seniorpastor =
| pastor =
| pastor =
| address = [[City of London]]
| location = [[London]], {{postcode|EC|4}}
| country = [[United Kingdom]]
| country = United Kingdom

| phone =
| website =
| website =
}}
}}


'''St Martin, Ludgate''', is an [[Anglican]] church on [[Ludgate Hill]] in the ward of Farringdon, in the [[City of London]]. St Martin, Ludgate, also called St Martin within Ludgate, was rebuilt in 1677–84 by Sir [[Christopher Wren]].<ref>"The London Encyclopaedia" Hibbert,C;Weinreb,D;Keay,J: London, Pan Macmillan, 1983 (rev 1993,2008) ISBN 978-1-4050-4924-5</ref>
'''St Martin, Ludgate''', also known as '''St Martin within Ludgate''', is an [[Anglican]] church on [[Ludgate Hill]] in the ward of Farringdon, in the [[City of London]]. The church is of medieval origin, but the present building dates from 1677 to 1684 and was designed by Sir [[Christopher Wren]].<ref>"The London Encyclopaedia" Hibbert, C.; Weinreb, D.; Keay, J.: London, Pan Macmillan, 1983 (rev 1993, 2008) {{ISBN|978-1-4050-4924-5}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Some legends connect the church with legendary King Cadwallo (now usually referred to as [[Cadwallon ap Cadfan]], father of [[Cadwaladr]]. A sign on the front of the church reads "Cadwallo King of the Britons is said to have been buried here in 677". Modern historians would place his death about 682. Cadwallo's image was allegedly placed on [[Ludgate]], to frighten away the Saxons. However, Middlesex and the London area were controlled by the Anglo-Saxon polities at that time and there is no evidence of British or any other occupation of the intramural area of the abandoned '[[Londinium]]' since the late fourth century. Previously the sign stated that it was the West Saxon king [[Caedwalla]] but this was contradicted by [[Bede]]'s writings that he was buried in Rome.<ref>Tony Sharp: The Farringdon Wards of the City of London a ... History p59</ref> However the earliest written reference is from 1174. A Blackfriars monastery was built nearby in 1278. The church was rebuilt in 1437 and the tower was struck by lightning in 1561. The parish books start from 1410. Before the [[English Reformation|Reformation]], the church was under the control of [[Westminster Abbey]], and afterwards under [[St. Paul's Cathedral]]
Some legends connect the church with legendary King Cadwallo (now usually referred to as [[Cadwallon ap Cadfan]], father of [[Cadwaladr]]. A sign on the front of the church reads "Cadwallo King of the Britons is said to have been buried here in 677". Modern historians would place his death about 682. Cadwallo's image was allegedly placed on [[Ludgate]], to frighten away the Saxons. However, Middlesex and the London area were controlled by the Anglo-Saxon polities at that time and there is no evidence of British or any other occupation of the intramural area of the abandoned '[[Londinium]]' since the late fourth century. Previously the sign stated that it was the West Saxon king [[Caedwalla]] but this was contradicted by [[Bede]]'s writings that he was buried in Rome.<ref>Tony Sharp: The Farringdon Wards of the City of London a ... History p59</ref> However the earliest written reference is from 1174. A Blackfriars monastery was built nearby in 1278. The church was rebuilt in 1437 and the tower was struck by lightning in 1561. The parish books start from 1410. Before the [[English Reformation|Reformation]], the church was under the control of [[Westminster Abbey]], and afterwards under [[St. Paul's Cathedral]].

[[File:Southwest View of the Spire of the Church of St Martin, Ludgate (01).jpg|thumb|left|The spire of the church]]


[[File:St Martin, Ludgate Hill, London EC4 - East end - geograph.org.uk - 1197077.jpg|thumb|200px|Interior of St Martin Ludgate]]
[[File:St Martin, Ludgate Hill, London EC4 - East end - geograph.org.uk - 1197077.jpg|thumb|200px|Interior of St Martin Ludgate]]
[[St Martin of Tours]] is a [[Patron Saint]] of travelers. Churches which are dedicated to him often stand just within city gates. A blue plaque next to church records the earlier presence of Ludgate, demolished 1760. From the lower part of [[Fleet Street]] the steeple stands between the viewer and the dome of [[St Paul's Cathedral]]. Wren probably planned to make a contrast between the spiky steeple of St Martin's and the circular dome of St Paul's.<ref>"The Old Churches of London" Cobb,G: London, Batsford, 1942</ref> It is a curious combination of a lead-clad dome, topped by a lantern and on top of that a sharp obelisk steeple, somewhat like an exclamation mark.<ref>"The City of London Churches" [[John Betjeman|Betjeman,J]] Andover, Pikin, 1967 ISBN 0-85372-112-2</ref>
[[St Martin of Tours]] is a [[Patron Saint]] of travellers. Churches which are dedicated to him often stand just within city gates. A blue plaque next to church records the earlier presence of Ludgate, demolished 1760. The church consists of a lead-clad dome, topped by a lantern and on top of that a sharp obelisk steeple.<ref>"The City of London Churches" [[John Betjeman|Betjeman,J]] Andover, Pikin, 1967 {{ISBN|0-85372-112-2}}</ref> From the lower part of [[Fleet Street]] the steeple stands between the viewer and the dome of [[St Paul's Cathedral]]. Wren probably planned to make a contrast between the spiky steeple of St Martin's and the circular dome of St Paul's.<ref>"The Old Churches of London" Cobb,G: London, Batsford, 1942</ref>
[[File:Greek palindrome on the font.jpg|thumb|Palindrome on the font]]
[[File:Greek palindrome on the font.jpg|thumb|Palindrome on the font]]
In "The Roaring Girl, or Moll Cutpurse" by Dekker and Middleton, Sebastian says "The clock at Ludgate, sir, it ne'er goes true". This might refer to St Martin's church. "I owe you three farthings, say the bells of St Martin", might refer to this church, but is more likely to refer to [[St Martin Orgar]] in Cannon Street (previously Eastcheap). In 1614 [[Samuel Purchas]], a travel writer, became the rector. On the 17th century font there is a [[Greek language|Greek]] [[palindrome]] – ''[[Nipson anomemata me monan opsin]]'' (Cleanse my sin and not my face only). There is a 17th-century carved oak double churchwarden's chair<ref>"London:the City Churches” Pevsner,N/Bradley,S New Haven, Yale, 1998 ISBN 0-300-09655-0</ref> – the only one of its kind known to exist.
In "The Roaring Girl, or Moll Cutpurse" by Dekker and Middleton, Sebastian says "The clock at Ludgate, sir, it ne'er goes true". This might refer to St Martin's church. "I owe you three farthings, say the bells of St Martin", might refer to this church, but is more likely to refer to [[St Martin Orgar]] in Cannon Street (previously Eastcheap). In 1614 [[Samuel Purchas]], a travel writer, became the rector. On the 17th century font there is a [[Greek language|Greek]] [[palindrome]] – ΝΙΨΟΝ ΑΝΟΜΗΜΑΤΑ ΜΗ ΜΟΝΑΝ ΟΨΙΝ ''[[Nipson anomemata me monan opsin]]'' (Wash the sins, not only the face). There is a 17th-century carved oak double churchwarden's chair<ref>"London:the City Churches” Pevsner,N/Bradley,S New Haven, Yale, 1998 {{ISBN|0-300-09655-0}}</ref> – the only one of its kind known to exist. The north windows are by [[James Powell and Sons|Powell of Whitefriars]], representing the Abbot and Chapter of Westminster, the Bishop of London, and the Dean of St Pauls. Those high up on the south are also by Powell.


The medieval church was repaired in 1623, only to be destroyed in the [[Great Fire of London]] in 1666. Rebuilding was not immediate, but was largely completed by 1680, finished in 1703. In 1669 a [[Roman Britain|Roman tombstone]], now in the [[Ashmolean Museum]], was found. The current design is topped by a lead-covered octagonal cupola supporting a balcony and tapered spire rising to a height of {{convert|158|ft|m|abbr=on}}. The centre of the church is in the form of a [[Greek cross]], with four large columns. The chandelier dates from about 1777 and comes from the [[West Indies]]. As a curiosity, this is from the burial register: "“1615, February 28, St. Martin’s, Ludgate, was buried an anatomy from the College of Physicians.” (It was first noticed by Andrew Lang, in an article in "Books and Bookmen"). The [[Royal College of Physicians]] were based in [[Amen Corner (London)|Amen Corner]], a few yards away from 1614 to 1666.<ref>Mentioned in Pepys Diary "Samuel Pepys – The Shorter Pepys" Latham,R(Ed) p484: Harmondsworth,1985 ISBN 0-14-009418-0</ref> In 1678 [[Robert Hooke]] designed a new hall in Warwick Lane, also nearby.
The medieval church was repaired in 1623, only to be destroyed in the [[Great Fire of London]] in 1666.<ref>"The City Churches" Tabor, M. p83:London; The Swarthmore Press Ltd; 1917</ref> Rebuilding was not immediate, but was largely completed by 1680, finished in 1703. In 1669 a [[Roman Britain|Roman tombstone]], now in the [[Ashmolean Museum]], was found.<ref>RIB 17. Funerary inscription for Vivius Marcianus</ref><ref>"The City of London Churches: monuments of another age" Quantrill, E; Quantrill, M p72: London; Quartet; 1975</ref> The current design is topped by a lead-covered octagonal cupola supporting a balcony and tapered spire rising to a height of {{convert|158|ft|m|abbr=on}}. The centre of the church is in the form of a [[Greek cross]], with four large columns. The chandelier dates from about 1777 and comes from St Vincent's Cathedral in the [[West Indies]]. As a curiosity, this is from the burial register: "“1615, February 28, St. Martin’s, Ludgate, was buried an anatomy from the College of Physicians.” (It was first noticed by Andrew Lang, in an article in "Books and Bookmen"). The [[Royal College of Physicians]] were based in [[Amen Corner (London)|Amen Corner]], a few yards away from 1614 to 1666.<ref>Mentioned in Pepys Diary "Samuel Pepys – The Shorter Pepys" Latham,R(Ed) p484: Harmondsworth,1985 {{ISBN|0-14-009418-0}}</ref> In 1678 [[Robert Hooke]] designed a new hall in Warwick Lane, also nearby.


The view from the steeple towards the river is spectacular. It was painted by T.M. Baynes.
The view from the steeple towards the river is spectacular. It was painted by T.M. Baynes.


In 1893 to 1894, the church underwent a major rebuilding and alteration, with the floor level raised, and many bodies disinterred from the churchyard and reburied at [[Brookwood Cemetery]].<ref>"The Brookwood Necroplois Railway" Clarke,J.M: Oasdale, Usk, 2006 ISBN 978-0-85361-655-9</ref>
In 1893 to 1894, the church underwent a major rebuilding and alteration, with the floor level raised, and many bodies disinterred from the churchyard and reburied at [[Brookwood Cemetery]].<ref>"The Brookwood Necroplois Railway" Clarke,J.M: Oasdale, Usk, 2006 {{ISBN|978-0-85361-655-9}}</ref>


In 1941, during the [[London Blitz]], a German [[incendiary bomb]] damaged the roof, but St Martin's received relatively little damage during the [[Second World War]]. In 1954 St Martin's became a Guild Church and was designated a Grade I [[listed building]] on 4 January 1950.<ref>{{IoE|199609|accessdate=23 January 2009}}</ref>
In 1941, during the [[London Blitz]], a German [[incendiary bomb]] damaged the roof, but St Martin's received relatively little damage during the [[Second World War]]. In 1954 St Martin's became a [[Guild Church]] and was designated a Grade I [[listed building]] on 4 January 1950.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1359194 |desc=Church of St Martin |access-date=23 January 2009}}</ref>

On the 30th July 2016 this historic church played host to perhaps the most important wedding of the generation. Gemma Gordon Gibson finally relented to the demands of the most scurrilous of Nave's Paul Anderson Esq. Mirth and merriment was had by all as they rejoiced in this most splendid of days. b4tg


==Organ==
==Organ==
[[File:Father Harris organ in St Martin, Ludgate.jpg|thumb|The organ of St Martin, Ludgate]]
[[File:Father Harris organ in St Martin, Ludgate.jpg|thumb|The organ of St Martin, Ludgate]]
The organ is a Bernard Schmidt design dating from 1684.<ref>Pearce,C.W. “Notes on Old City Churches: their organs, organists and musical associations” London, Winthrop Rogers Ltd 1909</ref> There are carvings by [[Grinling Gibbons]] inside.<ref>"The Visitors Guide to the City of London Churches" Tucker,T: London, Friends of the City Churches, 2006 ISBN 0-9553945-0-3</ref> There are organ recitals every other Monday; [[chamber music]] every Wednesday and Friday.
The organ is a Bernard Schmidt design dating from 1684.<ref>Pearce,C.W. “Notes on Old City Churches: their organs, organists and musical associations” London, Winthrop Rogers Ltd 1909</ref> There are carvings by [[Grinling Gibbons]] inside.<ref>"The Visitors Guide to the City of London Churches" Tucker,T: London, Friends of the City Churches, 2006 {{ISBN|0-9553945-0-3}}</ref> The contemporary carvings in the church are also attributed to three joiners, Athew, Draper and Poulden, and to the carvers Cooper and [[William Newman (woodcarver)|William Newman]].<ref>Bradley and Pevsner, ''London: The City Churches'', p. 103.</ref> There are organ recitals every other Monday; [[chamber music]] every Wednesday and Friday.


A specification of the organ can be found on the [http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N01538 National Pipe Organ Register].
A specification of the organ can be found on the [[National Pipe Organ Register]].<ref>{{National Pipe Organ Register|id=N01538|access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref>


Past organists at St Martin include:
Past organists at St Martin include:
*[[Frederick Albert Bridge]] (b. 1841 – d. 1917)
*[[Frederick Albert Bridge]] (b. 1841 – d. 1917)

⚫
== Notes ==
⚫
{{Reflist}}


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Anglicanism}}
{{Portal|Christianity|London}}
* [[List of churches and cathedrals of London]]
* [[List of churches and cathedrals of London]]
* [[List of Christopher Wren churches in London]]
* [[List of Christopher Wren churches in London]]

⚫
== Notes ==
⚫
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|St Martin, Ludgate}}
{{Commons category|St Martin, Ludgate}}
*[http://www.stmartin-within-ludgate.org.uk/ St Martin's-within-Ludgate website]
*[https://www.nationalchurchestrust.org/church/st-martin-within-ludgate-city-london St Martin's-within-Ludgate website]
*[http://www.roughwood.net/ChurchAlbum/GreaterLondon/StMartinsWithinLudgate2003.htm photograph]
*[http://www.roughwood.net/ChurchAlbum/GreaterLondon/StMartinsWithinLudgate2003.htm photograph]
*[http://www.londonancestor.com/stow/stow-church-91.htm Cadwallo – Cadwallader]
*[http://www.londonancestor.com/stow/stow-church-91.htm Cadwallo – Cadwallader]
Line 88: Line 91:
*[http://courses.ed.asu.edu/gonzalez/APHB/ETexts/Lang.A/Books%20And%20Bookmen.txt The 1615 Anatomy]
*[http://courses.ed.asu.edu/gonzalez/APHB/ETexts/Lang.A/Books%20And%20Bookmen.txt The 1615 Anatomy]
*[http://www.roman-britain.org/epigraphy/rib_south_england.htm Roman inscription]
*[http://www.roman-britain.org/epigraphy/rib_south_england.htm Roman inscription]
*[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=travel&res=9B03E0DF1439F933A25754C0A965948260 Live Music]
*[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=travel&res=9B03E0DF1439F933A25754C0A965948260 Live Music]
*[http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?image=10423126 View from the steeple]
*[http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?image=10423126 View from the steeple]
*[http://in360degrees.co.uk/wrenchurches/data/004StMartinLudgate/ 360° panorama inside St Martin's-within-Ludgate]
*[http://in360degrees.co.uk/wrenchurches/data/004StMartinLudgate/ 360° panorama inside St Martin's-within-Ludgate]
Line 96: Line 99:


{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Martin, Ludgate}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Martin, Ludgate}}
[[Category:Churches in the City of London]]
[[Category:Christopher Wren church buildings in London]]
[[Category:Christopher Wren churches in London]]
[[Category:Churches completed in 1684]]
[[Category:Churches completed in 1684]]
[[Category:17th-century Church of England churches]]
[[Category:17th-century Church of England church buildings]]
[[Category:English Baroque architecture]]
[[Category:English Baroque church buildings]]
[[Category:Church of England churches in London]]
[[Category:Church of England church buildings in the City of London]]
[[Category:Grade I listed churches in London]]
[[Category:Grade I listed churches in the City of London]]
[[Category:Rebuilt churches in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Rebuilt churches in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Diocese of London]]
[[Category:Diocese of London]]
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in the City of London]]
[[Category:1684 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Ewan Christian buildings]]

Latest revision as of 17:44, 11 April 2024

St. Martin, Ludgate
St Martin, Ludgate (with St Paul's in the background, right)
Map
LocationLondon, EC4
CountryUnited Kingdom
DenominationChurch of England
Previous denominationRoman Catholic
Architecture
Heritage designationGrade I listed building
Architect(s)Sir Christopher Wren
StyleBaroque
Administration
DioceseLondon

St Martin, Ludgate, also known as St Martin within Ludgate, is an Anglican church on Ludgate Hill in the ward of Farringdon, in the City of London. The church is of medieval origin, but the present building dates from 1677 to 1684 and was designed by Sir Christopher Wren.[1]

History

[edit]

Some legends connect the church with legendary King Cadwallo (now usually referred to as Cadwallon ap Cadfan, father of Cadwaladr. A sign on the front of the church reads "Cadwallo King of the Britons is said to have been buried here in 677". Modern historians would place his death about 682. Cadwallo's image was allegedly placed on Ludgate, to frighten away the Saxons. However, Middlesex and the London area were controlled by the Anglo-Saxon polities at that time and there is no evidence of British or any other occupation of the intramural area of the abandoned 'Londinium' since the late fourth century. Previously the sign stated that it was the West Saxon king Caedwalla but this was contradicted by Bede's writings that he was buried in Rome.[2] However the earliest written reference is from 1174. A Blackfriars monastery was built nearby in 1278. The church was rebuilt in 1437 and the tower was struck by lightning in 1561. The parish books start from 1410. Before the Reformation, the church was under the control of Westminster Abbey, and afterwards under St. Paul's Cathedral.

The spire of the church
Interior of St Martin Ludgate

St Martin of Tours is a Patron Saint of travellers. Churches which are dedicated to him often stand just within city gates. A blue plaque next to church records the earlier presence of Ludgate, demolished 1760. The church consists of a lead-clad dome, topped by a lantern and on top of that a sharp obelisk steeple.[3] From the lower part of Fleet Street the steeple stands between the viewer and the dome of St Paul's Cathedral. Wren probably planned to make a contrast between the spiky steeple of St Martin's and the circular dome of St Paul's.[4]

Palindrome on the font

In "The Roaring Girl, or Moll Cutpurse" by Dekker and Middleton, Sebastian says "The clock at Ludgate, sir, it ne'er goes true". This might refer to St Martin's church. "I owe you three farthings, say the bells of St Martin", might refer to this church, but is more likely to refer to St Martin Orgar in Cannon Street (previously Eastcheap). In 1614 Samuel Purchas, a travel writer, became the rector. On the 17th century font there is a Greek palindrome – ΝΙΨΟΝ ΑΝΟΜΗΜΑΤΑ ΜΗ ΜΟΝΑΝ ΟΨΙΝ Nipson anomemata me monan opsin (Wash the sins, not only the face). There is a 17th-century carved oak double churchwarden's chair[5] – the only one of its kind known to exist. The north windows are by Powell of Whitefriars, representing the Abbot and Chapter of Westminster, the Bishop of London, and the Dean of St Pauls. Those high up on the south are also by Powell.

The medieval church was repaired in 1623, only to be destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666.[6] Rebuilding was not immediate, but was largely completed by 1680, finished in 1703. In 1669 a Roman tombstone, now in the Ashmolean Museum, was found.[7][8] The current design is topped by a lead-covered octagonal cupola supporting a balcony and tapered spire rising to a height of 158 ft (48 m). The centre of the church is in the form of a Greek cross, with four large columns. The chandelier dates from about 1777 and comes from St Vincent's Cathedral in the West Indies. As a curiosity, this is from the burial register: "“1615, February 28, St. Martin’s, Ludgate, was buried an anatomy from the College of Physicians.” (It was first noticed by Andrew Lang, in an article in "Books and Bookmen"). The Royal College of Physicians were based in Amen Corner, a few yards away from 1614 to 1666.[9] In 1678 Robert Hooke designed a new hall in Warwick Lane, also nearby.

The view from the steeple towards the river is spectacular. It was painted by T.M. Baynes.

In 1893 to 1894, the church underwent a major rebuilding and alteration, with the floor level raised, and many bodies disinterred from the churchyard and reburied at Brookwood Cemetery.[10]

In 1941, during the London Blitz, a German incendiary bomb damaged the roof, but St Martin's received relatively little damage during the Second World War. In 1954 St Martin's became a Guild Church and was designated a Grade I listed building on 4 January 1950.[11]

Organ

[edit]
The organ of St Martin, Ludgate

The organ is a Bernard Schmidt design dating from 1684.[12] There are carvings by Grinling Gibbons inside.[13] The contemporary carvings in the church are also attributed to three joiners, Athew, Draper and Poulden, and to the carvers Cooper and William Newman.[14] There are organ recitals every other Monday; chamber music every Wednesday and Friday.

A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.[15]

Past organists at St Martin include:

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "The London Encyclopaedia" Hibbert, C.; Weinreb, D.; Keay, J.: London, Pan Macmillan, 1983 (rev 1993, 2008) ISBN 978-1-4050-4924-5
  2. ^ Tony Sharp: The Farringdon Wards of the City of London a ... History p59
  3. ^ "The City of London Churches" Betjeman,J Andover, Pikin, 1967 ISBN 0-85372-112-2
  4. ^ "The Old Churches of London" Cobb,G: London, Batsford, 1942
  5. ^ "London:the City Churches” Pevsner,N/Bradley,S New Haven, Yale, 1998 ISBN 0-300-09655-0
  6. ^ "The City Churches" Tabor, M. p83:London; The Swarthmore Press Ltd; 1917
  7. ^ RIB 17. Funerary inscription for Vivius Marcianus
  8. ^ "The City of London Churches: monuments of another age" Quantrill, E; Quantrill, M p72: London; Quartet; 1975
  9. ^ Mentioned in Pepys Diary "Samuel Pepys – The Shorter Pepys" Latham,R(Ed) p484: Harmondsworth,1985 ISBN 0-14-009418-0
  10. ^ "The Brookwood Necroplois Railway" Clarke,J.M: Oasdale, Usk, 2006 ISBN 978-0-85361-655-9
  11. ^ Historic England. "Church of St Martin (1359194)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 23 January 2009.
  12. ^ Pearce,C.W. “Notes on Old City Churches: their organs, organists and musical associations” London, Winthrop Rogers Ltd 1909
  13. ^ "The Visitors Guide to the City of London Churches" Tucker,T: London, Friends of the City Churches, 2006 ISBN 0-9553945-0-3
  14. ^ Bradley and Pevsner, London: The City Churches, p. 103.
  15. ^ "NPOR [N01538]". National Pipe Organ Register. British Institute of Organ Studies. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
[edit]
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