Braille embosser: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Impact printer that renders text as tactile braille cells}} |
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A '''braille embosser''' is an [[impact printer]] that renders text as tactile [[braille]] cells. Using [[braille translator|braille translation]] software, a document can be embossed with relative ease, making braille production efficient and cost-effective. |
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[[File:Index braille embosser.jpg|thumb|A braille embosser showing some pages created on it.]] |
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A '''braille embosser''' is an [[impact printer]] that renders text as tactile [[braille]] cells. Using [[braille translator|braille translation]] software, a document or digital text can be embossed with relative ease. This makes braille production efficient and cost-effective. [[Braille translator|Braille translation]] software may be free and [[Open-source software|open-sourced]] or paid.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Braille Embossers|url=https://www.loc.gov/nls/resources/blindness-and-vision-impairment/devices-aids/braille-embossers/|access-date=2021-09-12|website=National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled (NLS) {{!}} Library of Congress}}</ref> Braille embossers can emboss single-sided or double-sided (called interpoint) and can produce 6- or 8-dot braille.<ref name=":1" /> |
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| ⚫ | Blind users tend to call other [[Printer (computing)|printer]]s "ink printers," to distinguish them from their braille counterparts. This is often the case regardless of the type of printer being discussed (e.g., [[Thermal printing|thermal printers]] being called "ink printers" even though they use no ink). |
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| ⚫ | Blind users tend to call other [[Printer (computing)|printer]]s "ink printers," to distinguish them from their braille counterparts. This is often the case regardless of the type of printer being discussed (e.g., [[Thermal printing|thermal printers]] being called "ink printers" even though they use no ink).{{Citation needed|date=September 2021|reason=A reliable source is needed to verify that the blind actually call other printers "ink printers"}} |
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As with ink printers and presses, embossers range from those intended for consumers to those used by large publishers. Thus, an embosser can cost roughly anywhere from US$2,000 to $150,000. |
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As with ink printers and presses, embossers range from those intended for consumers to those used by large publishers. The price of embossers increase with the volume of braille it produces .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Braille Printers|url=https://www.afb.org/blindness-and-low-vision/using-technology/assistive-technology-products/braille-printers|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912093853/https://www.afb.org/blindness-and-low-vision/using-technology/assistive-technology-products/braille-printers|archive-date=2021-09-12|access-date=2021-09-12|website=The American Foundation for the Blind|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The fastest industrial braille embosser is probably the $ |
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== Types == |
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| ⚫ | Smaller desktop braille embossers are more common and can be found in libraries, universities, and specialist education centers, as well as being privately owned by blind individuals. |
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| ⚫ | The fastest industrial braille embosser is probably the $92,000 Belgian-made [[NV Interpoint 55]], first produced in 1991, which uses a separate [[air compressor]] to drive the embossing head and can output up to 800 braille characters per second. Adoption was slow at first; in 2000 the [[National Federation of the Blind]] said there were only three of these in the US, one owned by the NFB itself and the other two by the [[Watchtower Bible and Tract Society]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nfb.org/legacy/bm/bm00/bm0005/brlm0005.htm |title=Braille Monitor, May '00 |website=nfb.org |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219022351/http://nfb.org/legacy/bm/bm00/bm0005/brlm0005.htm |archive-date=19 February 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> As of 2008, there are more than 60 in use across the world.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.givengain.com/unique/blindsa/upload/blindsa1008.doc |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-11-29 |archive-date=2011-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711095851/http://www.givengain.com/unique/blindsa/upload/blindsa1008.doc |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Smaller desktop braille embossers are more common and can be found in libraries, universities, and specialist education centers, as well as being privately owned by blind individuals. It may be necessary to use an acoustic cabinet or hood to [[Soundproofing|dampen the noise level]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Mates|first=Barbara T.|url=https://archive.org/details/assistivetechnol0000mate|title=Assistive technologies in the library|date=2011|publisher=American Library Association|others=William R. Reed|isbn=978-0-8389-9266-1|location=Chicago|pages=67, 68|oclc=713026668}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Braille embossers usually need special braille paper which is thicker and more expensive than normal paper. Some high-end embossers are capable of printing on normal paper. Embossers can be either one-sided or two-sided. |
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| ⚫ | Braille embossers usually need special braille paper which is thicker and more expensive than normal paper. Some high-end embossers are capable of printing on normal paper. Embossers can be either one-sided or two-sided. Two-sided embossing requires lining up the dots so they do not overlap (called "interpoint" because the points on the other side are placed in between the points on the first side). Two-sided embossing uses less paper and reduces the size of the output.<ref name=":0" /> |
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| ⚫ | Once one copy of a document has been produced, printing further copies is often quicker by means of a device called a [[thermoform]], which produces copies on soft plastic. However the resulting braille is not as easily readable as braille that has been freshly embossed, in much the same way that a poor-quality [[photocopy]] is not as readable as the original. Hence large publishers do not generally use thermoforms. |
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| ⚫ | Once one copy of a document has been produced, printing further copies is often quicker by means of a device called a [[thermoforming|thermoform]], which produces copies on soft plastic. However, the resulting braille is not as easily readable as braille that has been freshly embossed, in much the same way that a poor-quality [[photocopy]] is not as readable as the original. Hence large publishers do not generally use thermoforms. |
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Some embossers can produce "dotty Moon", i.e., [[Moon type]] shapes formed by dots.<ref name="Writing RNIB">''[https://www.rnib.org.uk/braille-and-moon-%E2%80%93-tactile-codes-moon/writing-and-producing-moon Writing and producing Moon]'', [[Royal National Institute for the Blind]].</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[Braigo]] |
* [[Braigo]] |
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* [[Mountbatten Brailler]] |
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* [[Book]] |
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* [[E-book]] |
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* [[Braille e-book]] |
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* [[Braille translator]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{FOLDOC}} |
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==External links== |
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{{external links|date=April 2014}} |
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* [http://brailletec.de/home_en.htm Braille embossers by Blista-Brailletec GmbH] |
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* [http://www.braillo.com Braille embossers by Braillo, Norway AS] |
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* [http://www.brailler.com Braille embossers by Enabling Technologies] |
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* [http://www.indexbraille.com Braille embossers by Index Braille] |
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* [http://www.interpoint.be Braille embossers by Interpoint NV (Elekul)] |
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* [http://www.telesoft.co.jp/english.html Embossers by Nippon Telesoft Co., Ltd] |
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* [http://www.once.es Embossers by Interpoint NV ONCE - CIDAT (Thiel Embossers)] |
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* [http://www.technol-eight.co.jp Embossers by Technol Eight Co Ltd] |
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* [http://www.viewplus.com Braille Embossers by ViewPlus] |
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{{Braille}} |
{{Braille}} |
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[[Category:Braille technology|Embosser]] |
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[[Category:Braille technology]] |
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Latest revision as of 07:13, 12 April 2024
A braille embosser is an impact printer that renders text as tactile braille cells. Using braille translation software, a document or digital text can be embossed with relative ease. This makes braille production efficient and cost-effective. Braille translation software may be free and open-sourced or paid.[1] Braille embossers can emboss single-sided or double-sided (called interpoint) and can produce 6- or 8-dot braille.[1]
Blind users tend to call other printers "ink printers," to distinguish them from their braille counterparts. This is often the case regardless of the type of printer being discussed (e.g., thermal printers being called "ink printers" even though they use no ink).[citation needed]
As with ink printers and presses, embossers range from those intended for consumers to those used by large publishers. The price of embossers increase with the volume of braille it produces .[2]
Types
[edit]The fastest industrial braille embosser is probably the $92,000 Belgian-made NV Interpoint 55, first produced in 1991, which uses a separate air compressor to drive the embossing head and can output up to 800 braille characters per second. Adoption was slow at first; in 2000 the National Federation of the Blind said there were only three of these in the US, one owned by the NFB itself and the other two by the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society.[3] As of 2008, there are more than 60 in use across the world.[4]
Smaller desktop braille embossers are more common and can be found in libraries, universities, and specialist education centers, as well as being privately owned by blind individuals. It may be necessary to use an acoustic cabinet or hood to dampen the noise level.[5]
Braille embossers usually need special braille paper which is thicker and more expensive than normal paper. Some high-end embossers are capable of printing on normal paper. Embossers can be either one-sided or two-sided. Two-sided embossing requires lining up the dots so they do not overlap (called "interpoint" because the points on the other side are placed in between the points on the first side). Two-sided embossing uses less paper and reduces the size of the output.[5]
Once one copy of a document has been produced, printing further copies is often quicker by means of a device called a thermoform, which produces copies on soft plastic. However, the resulting braille is not as easily readable as braille that has been freshly embossed, in much the same way that a poor-quality photocopy is not as readable as the original. Hence large publishers do not generally use thermoforms.
Some embossers can produce "dotty Moon", i.e., Moon type shapes formed by dots.[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Braille Embossers". National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled (NLS) | Library of Congress. Retrieved 2021-09-12.
- ^ "Braille Printers". The American Foundation for the Blind. Archived from the original on 2021-09-12. Retrieved 2021-09-12.
- ^ "Braille Monitor, May '00". nfb.org. Archived from the original on 19 February 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-11. Retrieved 2008-11-29.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b Mates, Barbara T. (2011). Assistive technologies in the library. William R. Reed. Chicago: American Library Association. pp. 67, 68. ISBN 978-0-8389-9266-1. OCLC 713026668.
- ^ Writing and producing Moon, Royal National Institute for the Blind.