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{{short description|Japanese noble}}
{{Infobox peer
{{Infobox peer
|name = Fujiwara no Umakai
|name = Fujiwara no Umakai
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|birth_date = 694
|birth_date = 694
|birth_place =
|birth_place =
|death_date = 737
|death_date = 7 September 737
|death_place =
|death_place =
|death_cause =
|death_cause =
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|locality =
|locality =
|other_names =
|other_names =
|years_active =
|battles =
|battles =
|offices =
|offices =
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}}
}}


{{Japanese name|Fujiwara}}
{{family name hatnote|Fujiwara|lang=Japanese}}
{{nihongo|'''Fujiwara no Umakai'''|藤原 宇合|extra=694 – September 7, 737}} was a [[Japanese people|Japanese]] statesman, courtier, general and politician during the [[Nara period]].<ref name="nussbaum211">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Umakai" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 211|page=211}}; Brinkley, Frank ''et al.'' (1915). {{Google books|JlUCAAAAYAAJ|''A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era,'' p. 203.|page=203}}</ref>
{{nihongo|'''Fujiwara no Umakai'''|藤原 宇合|extra=694 – September 7, 737}} was a [[Japanese people|Japanese]] statesman, courtier, general and politician during the [[Nara period]].<ref name="nussbaum211">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Umakai" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 211|page=211}}; Brinkley, Frank ''et al.'' (1915). {{Google books|JlUCAAAAYAAJ|''A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era,'' p. 203.|page=203}}</ref> The third son of [[Fujiwara no Fuhito]], he founded the [[Shikike]] ("Ceremonials") branch of the [[Fujiwara clan]].


==Career==
==Career==
He was a diplomat during the reign of [[Empress Genshō]];<ref name="titsingh65">Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' p. 65|page=65}}; see "Fousiwara-no Nokiafi", pre-[[Hepburn romanization]]</ref> and he was minister during the reign of [[Emperor Shōmu]]. In the Imperial court, Umakai was the chief of protocol (''[[Ministry of Civil Services#Hierarchy|Shikibu-kyō]]'').<ref>Nussbaum, "Shikibu-kyō" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 856|page=856}}</ref>
He was a diplomat during the reign of [[Empress Genshō]];<ref name="titsingh65">Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' p. 65|page=65}}; see "Fousiwara-no Nokiafi", pre-[[Hepburn romanization]]</ref> and he was minister during the reign of [[Emperor Shōmu]]. In the Imperial court, Umakai was the chief of protocol (''[[Shikibu-kyō]]'').<ref>Nussbaum, "Shikibu-kyō" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 856|page=856}}</ref>


* '''716''' (''[[Reiki (era)|Reiki]] 2''): Along with {{nihongo|[[Tajihi no Agatamori]]|多治比縣守|}}, {{nihongo|[[Abe no Yasumaro]]|阿倍安麻呂|}} and {{nihongo|[[Ōtomo no Yamamori]]|大伴山守|}}, Umaki was named to be part of a [[Japanese missions to Tang China|Japanese diplomatic mission to Tang China]] in 717-718.<ref name="titsingh65"/> [[Kibi no Makibi]] and the Buddhist monk [[Genbō]] were also part of the retinue.<ref>Fogel, Joshua. (1996). {{Google books|MC6L3Re0yqgC|''The Literature of Travel in the Japanese Rediscovery of China,'' p. 22|page=22}}; excerpt, "Like Genbō, Kibi no Makibi remained in China after the embassy ships returned to Japan, returning home himself at the same time as Genbo seventeen years later."</ref>
* '''716''' (''[[Reiki (era)|Reiki]] 2''): Along with {{nihongo|[[Tajihi no Agatamori]]|多治比縣守|}}, {{nihongo|[[Abe no Yasumaro]]|阿倍安麻呂|}} and {{nihongo|[[Ōtomo no Yamamori]]|大伴山守|}}, Umakai was named to be part of a [[Japanese missions to Tang China|Japanese diplomatic mission to Tang China]] in 717-718.<ref name="titsingh65"/> [[Kibi no Makibi]] and the Buddhist monk [[Genbō]] were also part of the entourage.<ref>Fogel, Joshua. (1996). {{Google books|MC6L3Re0yqgC|''The Literature of Travel in the Japanese Rediscovery of China,'' p. 22|page=22}}; excerpt, "Like Genbō, Kibi no Makibi remained in China after the embassy ships returned to Japan, returning home himself at the same time as Genbo seventeen years later."</ref>
* '''724''' (''[[Jinki (era)|Jinki]] 1, 1st month''): Umakai led an army against the ''[[emishi]]'';<ref>Brinkley, {{Google books|JlUCAAAAYAAJ|p. 223.|page=223}}</ref> but this military campaign was later judged to have been unsuccessful.<ref>Brinkley, {{Google books|JlUCAAAAYAAJ|p. 220.|page=220}}</ref>
* '''724''' (''[[Jinki (era)|Jinki]] 1, 1st month''): Umakai led an army against the ''[[emishi]]'';<ref>Brinkley, {{Google books|JlUCAAAAYAAJ|p. 223.|page=223}}</ref> but this military campaign was later judged to have been unsuccessful.<ref>Brinkley, {{Google books|JlUCAAAAYAAJ|p. 220.|page=220}}</ref>
* '''729''' (''[[Tenpyō]] 1''): The emperor invested Umakai with the power to raise an army to quash a revolt, but the cause for alarm was dissipated without the need for military action.<ref>Titsingh,{{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|p. 68|page=68}}</ref>
* '''729''' (''[[Tenpyō]] 1''): The emperor invested Umakai with the power to raise an army to quash a revolt, but the cause for alarm was dissipated without the need for military action.<ref>Titsingh,{{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|p. 68|page=68}}</ref>
* '''737''' (''Tenpyō 9''): Umakai died at age 44.<ref>Titsingh,{{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|p. 69|page=69}}</ref> A smallpox epidemic caused the deaths of Umaki and his three brothers.<ref>Brinkley, {{Google books|JlUCAAAAYAAJ|p. 190.|page=190}}</ref>
* '''737''' (''Tenpyō 9''): Umakai died at age 44.<ref>Titsingh,{{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|p. 69|page=69}}</ref> A [[735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic|major smallpox epidemic]] caused the deaths of Umakai and his three brothers.<ref>Brinkley, {{Google books|JlUCAAAAYAAJ|p. 190.|page=190}}</ref>


==Genealogy==
==Genealogy==
This member of the [[Fujiwara clan]] was son of [[Fujiwara no Fuhito]].<ref name="nussbaum211"/> Umakai had three brothers: [[Fujiwara no Muchimaro|Muchimaro]], [[Fujiwara no Fusasaki|Fusasaki]], and [[Fujiwara no Maro|Maro]]. These four brothers are known for having established the "four houses" of the Fujiwara.<ref>Brinkley, {{Google books|JlUCAAAAYAAJ|p. 203.|page=203}}; excerpt, "Muchimaro's home, being in the south (''nan'') of the capital, was called [[Nanke (Fujiwara)|''Nan-ke'']]; Fusazaki's, being in the north (''hoku''), was termed [[Hokke (Fujiwara)|''Hoku-ke'']]; Umakai's was spoken of as [[Shikike|''Shiki-ke'']], since he presided over the [[Ministry of Civil Services|Department of Ceremonies]] (''shiki''), and Maro's went by the name of [[Kyōke|''Kyō-ke'']], this term also having reference to his office."</ref>
This member of the [[Fujiwara clan]] was son of [[Fujiwara no Fuhito]].<ref name="nussbaum211"/> Umakai had three brothers: [[Fujiwara no Muchimaro|Muchimaro]], [[Fujiwara no Fusasaki|Fusasaki]], and [[Fujiwara no Maro|Maro]]. These four brothers are known for having established the "four houses" of the Fujiwara.<ref>Brinkley, {{Google books|JlUCAAAAYAAJ|p. 203.|page=203}}; excerpt, "Muchimaro's home, being in the south (''nan'') of the capital, was called [[Nanke (Fujiwara)|''Nan-ke'']]; Fusazaki's, being in the north (''hoku''), was termed [[Hokke (Fujiwara)|''Hoku-ke'']]; Umakai's was spoken of as [[Shikike|''Shiki-ke'']], since he presided over the [[Shikibu-shō|Department of Ceremonies]] (''shiki''), and Maro's went by the name of [[Kyōke|''Kyō-ke'']], this term also having reference to his office."</ref>


Umakai's children included: [[Fujiwara no Hirotsugu]]<ref>Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Hirotsugu" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 202|page=202}}</ref> and [[Fujiwara no Momokawa]]<ref>Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Momokawa" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 206|page=206}}</ref>
Umakai's children included: [[Fujiwara no Hirotsugu]]<ref>Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Hirotsugu" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 202|page=202}}</ref> and [[Fujiwara no Momokawa]]<ref>Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Momokawa" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 206|page=206}}</ref>
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# 九男：[[Fujiwara no Kurajimaro]] [http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%A4%E5%8E%9F%E8%94%B5%E4%B8%8B%E9%BA%BB%E5%91%82 藤原蔵下麻呂]（734-775）
# 九男：[[Fujiwara no Kurajimaro]] [http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%A4%E5%8E%9F%E8%94%B5%E4%B8%8B%E9%BA%BB%E5%91%82 藤原蔵下麻呂]（734-775）
-->
-->

==Family==
*Father: '''[[Fujiwara no Fuhito]]'''
*Mother: '''Soga no Shōshi''' (蘇我娼子, ?–?), daughter of Soga no Murajiko (蘇我連子).
**Wife: '''Isonokami no Kunimina no Ōtoji''' (石上国盛), daughter of Isonokami no Maro (石上麻呂).
***1st son: '''[[Fujiwara no Hirotsugu]]''' (藤原広嗣, ?–740)
***2nd son: '''[[Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu]]''' (藤原良継, 716–777)
**Wife: '''Takahashi no Aneko''' (高橋阿禰娘), daughter of Takahashi no Kasa no Ason (高橋笠朝臣).
***3rd son: '''[[Fujiwara no Kiyonari]]''' (藤原清成, 716–777)
**Wife: '''unclear name''' (小治田功麿男牛養女)
***5th son: '''Fujiwara no Tamaro''' (藤原田麻呂, 722–783)
**Wife: '''[[Kume no Wakame]]''' (久米若女), daughter of 久米奈保麻呂?
***8th son: '''[[Fujiwara no Momokawa]]''' (藤原百川, 732-779)
**Wife: '''named (佐伯家主娘)''', daughter of 佐伯徳麻呂.
***9th son: '''[[Fujiwara no Kurajimaro]]''' (藤原蔵下麻呂, 734–775)
**'''Children with unknown mother:'''
***4th son: '''Fujiwara no Tsunate''' (藤原綱手, ?–740)
***Daughter: '''name unknown''', wife of [[Fujiwara no Uona]].
***Daughter: '''name unknown''', wife of Fujiwara no Kosemaro (藤原巨勢麻呂).
***Daughter: '''named (掃子)''', possibly mother of Fujiwara no Tsunatsugu (藤原綱継).


==Notes==
==Notes==
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==References==
==References==
* [[Frank Brinkley|Brinkley, Frank]] and [[Dairoku Kikuchi]]. (1915). ''A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era.'' New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/history-of-the-japanese-people-from-the-earliest-times-to-the-end-of-the-meiji-era/oclc/413099 OCLC 413099]
* [[Frank Brinkley|Brinkley, Frank]] and [[Dairoku Kikuchi]]. (1915). ''A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era.'' New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/413099 OCLC 413099]
* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [http://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&client=firefox-a ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. 10-ISBN 0-674-01753-6; 13-ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128]
* [[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]] and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.''] Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/nipon-o-dai-itsi-ran-ou-annales-des-empereurs-du-japon/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]]. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''] (''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]

<!-- Further reading?
<!-- Further reading?
*金井清一「高橋虫麻呂と藤原宇合」（『国文学』23巻5号、1978年）。
*金井清一「高橋虫麻呂と藤原宇合」（『国文学』23巻5号、1978年）。
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{{Fujiwara family tree}}
{{Fujiwara family tree}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata
| NAME = Fujiwara no Umakai
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 694
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 737
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Fujiwara no, Umakai}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fujiwara no, Umakai}}
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[[Category:694 births]]
[[Category:694 births]]
[[Category:737 deaths]]
[[Category:737 deaths]]
[[Category:People of Asuka period Japan]]
[[Category:People of Asuka-period Japan]]
[[Category:People of Nara-period Japan]]
[[Category:People of Nara-period Japan]]
[[Category:Japanese ambassadors to the Tang dynasty]]

[[Category:Deaths from smallpox in Japan]]
{{Japan-bio-stub}}

[[de:Fujiwara no Umakai]]
[[hr:Fujiwara no Umakai]]
[[nl:Fujiwara no Umakai]]
[[ja:藤原宇合]]
[[sh:Fujiwara no Umakai]]

Latest revision as of 01:16, 13 April 2024

Fujiwara no Umakai
Fujiwara no Umakai drawn by Kikuchi Yōsai
Born694
Died7 September 737
NationalityJapanese
ParentsFujiwara no Fuhito (father)
In this Japanese name, the surname is Fujiwara.

Fujiwara no Umakai (藤原 宇合, 694 – September 7, 737) was a Japanese statesman, courtier, general and politician during the Nara period.[1] The third son of Fujiwara no Fuhito, he founded the Shikike ("Ceremonials") branch of the Fujiwara clan.

Career

[edit]

He was a diplomat during the reign of Empress Genshō;[2] and he was minister during the reign of Emperor Shōmu. In the Imperial court, Umakai was the chief of protocol (Shikibu-kyō).[3]

Genealogy

[edit]

This member of the Fujiwara clan was son of Fujiwara no Fuhito.[1] Umakai had three brothers: Muchimaro, Fusasaki, and Maro. These four brothers are known for having established the "four houses" of the Fujiwara.[10]

Umakai's children included: Fujiwara no Hirotsugu[11] and Fujiwara no Momokawa[12]

Family

[edit]
  • Father: Fujiwara no Fuhito
  • Mother: Soga no Shōshi (蘇我娼子, ?–?), daughter of Soga no Murajiko (蘇我連子).
    • Wife: Isonokami no Kunimina no Ōtoji (石上国盛), daughter of Isonokami no Maro (石上麻呂).
    • Wife: Takahashi no Aneko (高橋阿禰娘), daughter of Takahashi no Kasa no Ason (高橋笠朝臣).
    • Wife: unclear name (小治田功麿男牛養女)
      • 5th son: Fujiwara no Tamaro (藤原田麻呂, 722–783)
    • Wife: Kume no Wakame (久米若女), daughter of 久米奈保麻呂?
    • Wife: named (佐伯家主娘), daughter of 佐伯徳麻呂.
    • Children with unknown mother:
      • 4th son: Fujiwara no Tsunate (藤原綱手, ?–740)
      • Daughter: name unknown, wife of Fujiwara no Uona.
      • Daughter: name unknown, wife of Fujiwara no Kosemaro (藤原巨勢麻呂).
      • Daughter: named (掃子), possibly mother of Fujiwara no Tsunatsugu (藤原綱継).

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Umakai" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 211, p. 211, at Google Books; Brinkley, Frank et al. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era, p. 203., p. 203, at Google Books
  2. ^ a b Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 65, p. 65, at Google Books; see "Fousiwara-no Nokiafi", pre-Hepburn romanization
  3. ^ Nussbaum, "Shikibu-kyō" at p. 856, p. 856, at Google Books
  4. ^ Fogel, Joshua. (1996). The Literature of Travel in the Japanese Rediscovery of China, p. 22, p. 22, at Google Books; excerpt, "Like Genbō, Kibi no Makibi remained in China after the embassy ships returned to Japan, returning home himself at the same time as Genbo seventeen years later."
  5. ^ Brinkley, p. 223., p. 223, at Google Books
  6. ^ Brinkley, p. 220., p. 220, at Google Books
  7. ^ Titsingh,p. 68, p. 68, at Google Books
  8. ^ Titsingh,p. 69, p. 69, at Google Books
  9. ^ Brinkley, p. 190., p. 190, at Google Books
  10. ^ Brinkley, p. 203., p. 203, at Google Books; excerpt, "Muchimaro's home, being in the south (nan) of the capital, was called Nan-ke; Fusazaki's, being in the north (hoku), was termed Hoku-ke; Umakai's was spoken of as Shiki-ke, since he presided over the Department of Ceremonies (shiki), and Maro's went by the name of Kyō-ke, this term also having reference to his office."
  11. ^ Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Hirotsugu" at p. 202, p. 202, at Google Books
  12. ^ Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Momokawa" at p. 206, p. 206, at Google Books

References

[edit]
  • Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
  • Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
  • Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon (Nihon Odai Ichiran). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691


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