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{{Short description|Species of fungus}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
⚫
| name =''Agaricus albolutescens''
| image = Agaricus_albolutescens_Santa_Cruz.jpg
| image =Agaricus albolutescens.JPG
⚫
| image_caption = A trio of ''Agaricus albolutescens''
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = A pair of ''Agaricus albolutescens''
| taxon = Agaricus albolutescens
| authority = [[Sanford Myron Zeller|Zeller]] (1938)
| regnum = [[Fungus|Fungi]]
}}
| divisio = [[Basidiomycota]]
{{Mycomorphbox
| classis = [[Agaricomycetes]]
| name = ''{{PAGENAME}}''{{italic title}}
| ordo = [[Agaricales]]
| hymeniumType = gills
| familia = [[Agaricaceae]]
| capShape = convex
| genus = ''[[Agaricus]]''
| capShape2 = flat
| species = '''''A. albolutescens'''''
| whichGills = free
| binomial = ''Agaricus albolutescens''
| stipeCharacter = ring
| binomial_authority = Kerrigan
| sporePrintColor = brown
| ecologicalType = saprotrophic
| howEdible = edible
}}
}}
'''''Agaricus albolutescens'''''<ref>''Albolutescens'', in [[botanical Latin]], which has developed a much richer vocabulary of color words than the Romans had, signifies a yellowish white.</ref> is a moderate-sized, stocky statured [[mushroom]] that has a pleasant odor and bruises slowly but persistently yellow.<ref name="Haard">{{cite book|last=Haard
⚫
|first=Richard|coauthors=Karen Haard|title=Poisonous & hallucinogenic mushrooms|date=1975|pages=57|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XcQ_AAAAYAAJ&q=Agaricus+albolutescens&dq=Agaricus+albolutescens}}</ref> This character distinguishes it from other ''[[Agaricus]]'' species, such as ''Agaricus xanthodermus'', a mildly toxic species which has a phenolic or medicinal odor, and bruises fleetingly yellow. Fieldmarks of ''Agaricus albolutescens'' include a tendency to discolor tawny-brown, rather than merely yellow, and chocolate-brown free gills.<ref>Arora, pg 336</ref><ref name="MYKOWEB"/> ''Agaricus silvicola'' is very similar but has a less dramatic bruising [[reaction]], more yellowish than tawny, a normal rather than stocky [[stature]], and slightly smaller spores. It is believed that ''Agaricus albolutescens'' and ''Agaricus silvicola'' represent a single [[Polymorphism (biology)|polymorphic]] species or a species complex.<ref>Arora, pg 335</ref><ref>Zeller, S.M. (1938). New or Noteworthy Agarics from the Pacific Coast States. ''Mycologia'' 30: 468-474.</ref>


'''''Agaricus albolutescens''''', commonly known as the '''amber-staining agaricus''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arora |first=David |title=Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi |date=1986 |publisher=Ten Speed Press |isbn=978-0-89815-169-5 |edition=Second |location=Berkeley}}</ref> is a moderate-sized, stocky-statured [[mushroom]] with a pleasant odor; it bruises slowly but persistently yellow.<ref name="Haard">{{cite book|last=Haard |first=Richard|author2=Karen Haard|title=Poisonous & hallucinogenic mushrooms|date=1975|pages=57|isbn=9780889300057|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XcQ_AAAAYAAJ&q=Agaricus+albolutescens&dq=Agaricus+albolutescens}}</ref>
⚫
== Description ==
===[[Pileus (mycology)|Pileus]]===
⚫
The cap is 6-12 cm broad, and convex; it becomes plano-convex to plano-depressed. Meanwhile, the margin is incurved, then decurved, overlapping the gills. Occasionally, it is wavy and appendiculate from veil fragments. The surface is dry and white; when bruised, it turns tawny-brown. The context varies from 1.5 to 2.0 cm thick; it is firm and turns pale-peach when cut. When the flesh is dry, odor and taste is musty.<ref>Kerrigan, Richard W. (1986). ''The Agaricales (Gilled Fungi) of California''. 6. Agaricaceae. Mad River Press: Eureka, California. p. 62</ref>


==Taxonomy==
===[[Lamellae (mycology)|Lamellae]]===
The holotype of ''Agaricus albolutescens'' was collected at [[Agate Beach, Oregon]], by Gertrude S. Burlingham on November 21, 1937.<ref>http://www.librifungorum.org/Image.asp?Nav=yes&FirstPage=214700&LastPage=215412&NextPage=215174]</ref>
⚫
The gills are free, close, and, at first, [[pallid]], though they then turn a pale pinkish-tan. As it ages, ''A. albsolutescens'' are dark [[Brown#Variations_of_brown|chocolate-brown]] in [[age]]. The lamellulae are in five to six series.<ref>Arora, pg 315</ref>


''Albolutescens'' is [[botanical Latin]] for yellowish white.
⚫
===[[Stipe]]===

⚫
The stipe is 2.0-7.0 cm long, 1.5-3.0 cm thick, and more or less equal except for a bulbous base. In addition, they have a narrow, cottony central [[core]]. The surface of [[apex]] is palled and finely striate, while the lower [[stipe]] can vary from glabrous to sparsely covered with whitish fibrils, occasionally sheathed with cottony-floccose veil remnants. Like the [[cap (mycology)|cap]], it yellows. The [[partial veil]] is layered. The surface underneath can be cottony or fibrillose. Sometimes, it fragments, leaving scattered cottony patches over a membranous-tomentose basement layer. The [[annulus]] is superior, thin, and initially [[erect]], then pendulous.<ref>Arora, pg 331</ref>
⚫
==Description==

===Pileus===
⚫
The [[Pileus (mycology)|cap]] is {{Convert|6–12|cm|abbr=off|frac=2}} broad, and convex; it becomes planoconvex to planodepressed. The margin is incurved, then decurved, overlapping the gills. Occasionally, it is wavy and appendiculate from veil fragments. The surface is dry and white; when bruised, it turns tawny-brown. The context varies from {{Convert|1.5 to 2|cm|abbr=on|frac=4}} thick; it is firm and turns pale-peach when cut. When the flesh is dry, odor and taste is musty.<ref>Kerrigan, Richard W. (1986). ''The Agaricales (Gilled Fungi) of California''. 6. Agaricaceae. Mad River Press: Eureka, California. p. 62</ref>

===Lamellae===
⚫
The gills are free, close, and, at first, [[pallid]], though they then turn a pale pinkish-tan. As it ages, ''A.&nbsp;albsolutescens'' is dark [[Brown#Variations of brown|chocolate-brown]] in color. The [[Lamellae (mycology)|lamellulae]] are in five to six series.<ref>Arora, p. 315</ref>

⚫
===Stipe===
⚫
The [[stipe (mycology)|stipe]] is {{Convert|2–7|cm|abbr=on|frac=2}} long, 1.5–3&nbsp;cm thick, and more or less equal except for a bulbous base. In addition, it has a narrow, cottony central core. The surface of the apex is palled and finely striate, while the lower [[stipe (mycology)|stipe]] can vary from glabrous to sparsely covered with whitish fibrils, occasionally sheathed with cottony-floccose veil remnants. Like the cap, it yellows. The [[partial veil]] is layered. The surface underneath can be cottony or fibrillose. Sometimes, it fragments, leaving scattered cottony patches over a membranous-tomentose basement layer. The [[annulus (mycology)|annulus]] is superior, thin, and initially erect, then pendulous.<ref>Arora, p. 331</ref>


===Spores===
===Spores===
[[Spore (mycology)|Spores]] are 6.0-7.5 x 4.0-5.0 µm, [[elliptical]], and inequilateral in [[profile]]. In addition, they are smooth, moderately thick-walled, and have an inconspicuous [[hilar]] appendage. Their [[germ pore]] is absent.<ref name="MYKOWEB">{{cite web|url=http://www.mykoweb.com/CAF/species/Agaricus_albolutescens.html|title=garicus albolutescens|last=Wood|first=Michael|coauthors=Fred Stevens|date=1998|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref>
[[Spore (mycology)|Spores]] are 6.0–7.5 x 4.0–5.0&nbsp;μm, [[Ellipse|elliptical]], and inequilateral in profile. In addition, they are smooth, moderately thick-walled, and have an inconspicuous [[Hilum (biology)|hilar]] appendage. Their [[germ pore]] is absent.<ref name="MYKOWEB">{{cite web|url=http://www.mykoweb.com/CAF/species/Agaricus_albolutescens.html|title=Agaricus albolutescens|last=Wood|first=Michael|author2=Fred Stevens|date=1998|accessdate=2009-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710110709/http://www.mykoweb.com/CAF/species/Agaricus_albolutescens.html|archive-date=2009-07-10|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Similar species ===
The way it bruises distinguishes the species from other members of ''[[Agaricus]]'', such as ''[[Agaricus xanthodermus|A.&nbsp;xanthodermus]]'', a mildly toxic species which has a phenolic or medicinal odor and bruises fleetingly yellow. ''A.&nbsp;albolutescens'' tends to discolor tawny-brown, rather than simply yellow, and the gills are chocolate-brown and free.<ref>Arora, p. 336</ref><ref name="MYKOWEB" />

⚫
''[[Agaricus silvicola|A. silvicola]]'' is very similar but has a less dramatic bruising reaction, more yellowish than tawny, a normal rather than stocky stature, and slightly smaller spores. ''A.&nbsp;albolutescens'' and ''A.&nbsp;silvicola'' represent a single [[Polymorphism (biology)|polymorphic]] species or a species complex.<ref>Arora, p. 335</ref><ref>Zeller, S.M. (1938). New or Noteworthy Agarics from the Pacific Coast States. ''Mycologia'' 30: 468-474.</ref>


==References==
==References==
;
⚫
*{{cite book|last=Arora|first=David|title=Mushrooms Demystified|date=1986|edition=2|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=S-RmabYsjI4C&dq=Agaricus+albolutescens&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
⚫
{{Reflist|2}}
;Specific

⚫
{{reflist|2}}
=== Sources ===

⚫
* {{cite book|last=Arora|first=David|title=Mushrooms Demystified|publisher=Ten Speed Press|date=1986|edition=2|url=https://archive.org/details/mushroomsdemysti00aror_0|url-access=registration|quote=Agaricus albolutescens.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q4451218}}


[[Category:Agaricus|albolutescens]]
[[Category:Agaricus|albolutescens]]
[[Category:Fungi described in 1938]]
[[Category:Fungus species]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Sanford Myron Zeller]]

Latest revision as of 11:37, 13 April 2024

Agaricus albolutescens
A trio of Agaricus albolutescens
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Agaricaceae
Genus: Agaricus
Species:
A. albolutescens
Binomial name
Agaricus albolutescens
Zeller (1938)
Agaricus albolutescens
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Gills on hymenium
Cap is convex or flat
Hymenium is free
Stipe has a ring
Spore print is brown
Ecology is saprotrophic
Edibility is edible

Agaricus albolutescens, commonly known as the amber-staining agaricus,[1] is a moderate-sized, stocky-statured mushroom with a pleasant odor; it bruises slowly but persistently yellow.[2]

Taxonomy

[edit]

The holotype of Agaricus albolutescens was collected at Agate Beach, Oregon, by Gertrude S. Burlingham on November 21, 1937.[3]

Albolutescens is botanical Latin for yellowish white.

Description

[edit]

Pileus

[edit]

The cap is 6–12 centimetres (2+1⁄2–4+1⁄2 inches) broad, and convex; it becomes planoconvex to planodepressed. The margin is incurved, then decurved, overlapping the gills. Occasionally, it is wavy and appendiculate from veil fragments. The surface is dry and white; when bruised, it turns tawny-brown. The context varies from 1.5 to 2 cm (1⁄2 to 3⁄4 in) thick; it is firm and turns pale-peach when cut. When the flesh is dry, odor and taste is musty.[4]

Lamellae

[edit]

The gills are free, close, and, at first, pallid, though they then turn a pale pinkish-tan. As it ages, A. albsolutescens is dark chocolate-brown in color. The lamellulae are in five to six series.[5]

Stipe

[edit]

The stipe is 2–7 cm (1–3 in) long, 1.5–3 cm thick, and more or less equal except for a bulbous base. In addition, it has a narrow, cottony central core. The surface of the apex is palled and finely striate, while the lower stipe can vary from glabrous to sparsely covered with whitish fibrils, occasionally sheathed with cottony-floccose veil remnants. Like the cap, it yellows. The partial veil is layered. The surface underneath can be cottony or fibrillose. Sometimes, it fragments, leaving scattered cottony patches over a membranous-tomentose basement layer. The annulus is superior, thin, and initially erect, then pendulous.[6]

Spores

[edit]

Spores are 6.0–7.5 x 4.0–5.0 μm, elliptical, and inequilateral in profile. In addition, they are smooth, moderately thick-walled, and have an inconspicuous hilar appendage. Their germ pore is absent.[7]

Similar species

[edit]

The way it bruises distinguishes the species from other members of Agaricus, such as A. xanthodermus, a mildly toxic species which has a phenolic or medicinal odor and bruises fleetingly yellow. A. albolutescens tends to discolor tawny-brown, rather than simply yellow, and the gills are chocolate-brown and free.[8][7]

A. silvicola is very similar but has a less dramatic bruising reaction, more yellowish than tawny, a normal rather than stocky stature, and slightly smaller spores. A. albolutescens and A. silvicola represent a single polymorphic species or a species complex.[9][10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi (Second ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5.
  2. ^ Haard, Richard; Karen Haard (1975). Poisonous & hallucinogenic mushrooms. p. 57. ISBN 9780889300057.
  3. ^ http://www.librifungorum.org/Image.asp?Nav=yes&FirstPage=214700&LastPage=215412&NextPage=215174]
  4. ^ Kerrigan, Richard W. (1986). The Agaricales (Gilled Fungi) of California. 6. Agaricaceae. Mad River Press: Eureka, California. p. 62
  5. ^ Arora, p. 315
  6. ^ Arora, p. 331
  7. ^ a b Wood, Michael; Fred Stevens (1998). "Agaricus albolutescens". Archived from the original on 2009-07-10. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
  8. ^ Arora, p. 336
  9. ^ Arora, p. 335
  10. ^ Zeller, S.M. (1938). New or Noteworthy Agarics from the Pacific Coast States. Mycologia 30: 468-474.

Sources

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Agaricus_albolutescens&oldid=1218718132"